INFORMATION ABOUT SPEAKERS / PAPER PRESENTERS
ABSTRACTS
THE CONCEPT OF ISLAM HADHARI AS REFLECTED IN THIRUKKURAL
Professor Dr M. Krishanan
Malaysia being a multi racial and multi religious country
needs tolerance and understanding among the people. So, we have to nurture the
concept of togetherness in the field of philosophy, religion and culture. The
concept of Islam Hadhari is self explanatory on the part of the Islamic
religion, that is, the way of the life. This gives an opportunity for the non-
Muslims to understand more about the Muslim community. The government of
Malaysia since independence has been advocating various programmes with the aim
of propagating unity among the citizens. Islam Hadhari is the latest strategy in
this endeavour. The principles of Islamic Hadhari are universal in nature. Thus,
the ethical treatise of Thirukkural in Tamil has similar principles and guidance
for all human beings irrespective of race, culture, religion and language. The
ten principles in Islam Hadhari are: Faith and piety in Allah, A just and
trustworthy government, A free and independent People, Mastery of knowledge,
Balanced and comprehensive economic development, A good quality of life,
Protection of the rights of minority groups and women, cultural and more
integrity, safeguarding the environment and strong defenses. Therefore, a close
analysis of these principles will depict the similarities between various
cultures. This paper will focus on the discussion of the above principles in
relation to that of Thirukkural. As far as the text is concerned; it is a must
text for the Indian community showing the way of life for them. Thirukkural
covers the thinking process and living nature of the Indian community. The text
is close to his heart because of the similar philosophical teachings.
Dr M. Krishanan is a Professor at the Department of Indian
Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya
THE INCULCATION OF ISLAMIC VALUES AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
ISLAM HADHARI: IT’S IMPACT ON THE PRACTICE OF ISLAM IN MALAY SOCIETY IN
MALAYSIA, 1982-2006 Professor Dr Mohammad Redzuan Othman
Since the Malays became Muslim more than 600 years ago Islam
has been an important force that shaped the society. In the early 20th the
reformist movement which was originated from the Middle East played an important
role in influencing the social and religious development of the society. In the
1970s, as a result of the Islamic resurgence that swept the Muslim World the
Malay society was also affected by the phenomenon. The combination of external
and internal factors led to the new social, political and economic development
in Malay society as a result of a new understanding of Islam as a way of life.
The most visible physical result of this phenomenon, however, was seen by the
increasing number of Malay women donning headscarves and the increase number men
and women observing Islamic practices. The increase in the understanding and the
practices of Islam in Malay society was further enhanced when Malaysia under the
premiership of Mahathir Mohamad introduced the policy of the inculcation of
Islamic values. The implementation of the policy led the establishment of
several Islamic institutions such as Islamic bank, Islamic insurance,
International Islamic University and many others. Following the retirement of
Dr. Mahathir in 2003 and the appointment of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi as Malaysia’s
fifth prime minister, he introduced in 2004 a new approach of Islam known as
Islam Hadhari. This approach of Islam is a continuation of the earlier policy
with the intention of making Islam better understood and more relevant with the
current challenges. The vision envisage by approach is to make Malaysia as a
model of a develop Muslim country which progressed according to its own mould.
The detractor of the approach argued that it is nothing more than a mere
political gimmick, but the implementation of Islam Hadhari outlined by its ten
principles hoped to see a new perspectives of Islam acceptable by everyone
regardless of race, religion, language and culture.
Dr Mohammad Redzuan Othman is a Professor at the Department of
History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HADHARI SOCIETY THROUGH RELIGIOUS VALUES
Abdul Aziz Mat Isa
Development has been a common challenge for the developed and
developing country. It cannot be a value free or measured only by an economic
term. Development must correspond with values, nation’s history, culture and
aspirations. The development of a Hadhari society is referring to the process of
enhancing the Ummah with the quality of life. It is an effort to bring the Ummah
back to basics, back to the Fundamentals, as prescribed in the Quran and the
Hadith that form the foundation of Islamic civilization. In this paper, the
Islamic values will be the benchmark for the development of a Hadhari society in
Malaysia. From the Islamic point of view, culture and values development must
precede any other kind of development for a Muslim society, where the practice
of the Islamic values is a way of life and a journey towards God. Values
education then should be prophetic education which focuses on teaching people
how to develop themselves and accordingly to reach God. Therefore the
establishment of a Hadhari society will be discussed in this paper.
Abdul Aziz Mat Isa is a Lecturer at the Department of Islamic
Studies, Centre of Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Universiti Tenaga Nasional
ISLAM: THE DYNAMIC MODERN CONSCIOUSNESS IN MALAYSIA Professor
Datuk Dr Zainal Kling
The interactions of various social, economic, political and
global forces on the Melayu-Muslim society vis-à-vis other racial groups in
Malaysia have indeed created an emerging new general global identity. While the
traditional ethnic consciousness of being Melayu-Islam remained significant and
central in their mind nevertheless the need to identify with a larger global
group has pushed the Islamic identity to the fore with greater functionality at
global level. Part of the choice is determined by the greater religious
affiliation with the larger Islamic ummah (community) world-wide with Malaysia
currently holding the chair of the international Organisation of Islamic
Conference (OIC). More importantly is the workings of the international economic
and political forces where personal and religious affiliations seemed to have
provided a greater determining role for the choice of partnerships in the search
for certainty and trusted relationships among international players. World-wide
development in the fundamental ideas of ‘retribalisation’ since the fall of the
great powers at the end of the 20th century and the mobilisation of global
diaporic ‘ethnic’ economic powers as practised by the Chinese and Indian global
diaspora as well as the ‘Francophile’ and ‘Anglophile’ and the ‘Slavic’
movements have brought to the fore the need for fundamental global affiliations
in which Islam has become the dynamic external and internal factor in the mind
of Muslim at large. Negative implications from the whole western movement of
demonisng the Muslims through ‘islamophobia’ has only created greater
determination to portray islam as a fundamentally ‘peaceful – salam’ religion at
international level. The mobilastion of ideas and movements by members of the
OIC countries at various international levels have had a general impact in
creating the greater need to deepen the Islamic consciousness internally at home
and externally abroad. This seems to be the new dynamic in the Melayu-Islam
conscuousness.
Datuk Dr Zainal Kling is a Foundation Professor and Tun Abdul
Ghaffar Chair at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (Sultan Idris Education
University)
THE CONCEPT OF ISLAM HADHARI IN INDIAN CULTURE Professor Dr N
Kanthasamy
The human civilization rests on many aspects but religion
forms the basis for its prolonged prosperity and development. Islam as a
practical religion focuses on matters pertaining to the life of human beings.
Islam is the official religion of Malaysia but the multi-religious and
multi-cultural nature of the country allows other faiths to be practised here.
There is unity in diversity. Islam’s norms and principles have gained respect of
non-Muslims in the country. This is possible because the teachings of Islam are
universal in nature and are also present in other religions, may be in a
different perspective. Malaysia is propagating the concept of Islam Hadhari to
bring about mutual understanding and respect among the various races of
Malaysia. The concept of Islam Hadhari has useful principles guiding man towards
a peaceful life. They are relevant to all the citizens of Malaysia. If we
analyse and understand these principles, we tend to find similarities in other
faiths. This paper, therefore, seeks to identify and explain these principles
from the perspective of the Indian culture and attempts to explain their
relevance to non-Muslims, without prejudice or giving false interpretations. The
ten principles proposed by Islam Hadhari have long been practised by the Indians
in Malaysia. An analysis of these principles depicts how these rules have
deep-rooted in the Indian culture. Each principle is therefore analysed, stating
its equivalent norms found in the Indian culture. This will definitely assist in
fulfilling the objectives of Islam, i.e., to improve the quality of life by
equipping oneself with knowledge, by developing human character, and by
maintaining good health. Islam Hadhari is an important reference and
inspirational source for the development of the Malaysian society.
Dr N Kanthasamy is a Professor at the Department of Indian
Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya
DAKWAH AND HUMANITY: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INDIAN
COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus, and Associate Professor Dr
Badlihisham Mohd Nasir
One of the communities in Malaysia at present is the Indian
community. They are the third largest community and is numbered at 2.5 million
people. The majority of them are centred in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Perak, Penan
and a few other states. They migration to Malaysia before independence had ormed
a community with its own identity. Their existence have also made them as a main
target for the missionary movement in Malaysia. Due to the fact that Islam is a
missionary religion, there are a number of missionary movements such as PERKIM,
Islamic Outreach-ABIM, Masjid India, PERMIM and others which conduct missionary
activities using various approaches, either to convert them as Muslims or
strengthen their faith in Islam that they have converted into. During the
missionary activities among the Indians, a few challenges have been identified.
They will be briefly discribed in this paper.
Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus is a Lecturer at the Department
of Dakwah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
THE PERCEPTION OF MINORITY ON ISLAM HADHARI Professor Dr S
Kumaran
The concept of minority is not a new phenomenon. From the
times of human civilization, the definition of the term has been very much
alive. Although the minority is an old term, but the meaning is not appropriate
to be based solely on numbers. Traditionally, the definition of minority would
include the comparison between the minority and majority groups of people in a
country. It should be noted that these minority groups too have rights,
equality, dignity, identity, autonomy, a political agenda and practise culture.
In the context of Malaysia, where the composition of the population is a
multi-cultural and multi-religious one, then there is a need to understand the
concept of minorities in detail. The government had always laid stress on the
importance of minority groups and the necessity to include them in the
development of the nation. The confirmation of their role should be continuous.
With this in view, the principles of Islam Hadhari had been put forward to the
people of Malaysia not only to the Muslims but also the non-Muslims. The
principle, i.e. Protection of the rights of minority groups and women has made
it clear that the minority groups have an important role to perform. This paper
thus will focus on two premises. Firstly, the meaning of minorities will be
defined based on the era of globalistion. Secondly, the perception of the
minorities about Islam Hadhari will be discussed. For discussion purposes, has
been repeatedly said that Islam Hadhari is not a new religion nor a new
teaching. Therefore the principles are of universal character. The core of the
discussion will be on the practise of Islam Hadhari with a view to uphold mutual
respect and enhance unity among the citizens of the country.
Dr S Kumaran is a Professor at the Department of Indian
Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya
CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS ISSUES IN MALAYSIA Professor Dr Muda @
Ismail Ab Rahman
In recent years until today, several religious issues arise
and have been discussed by many parties and individuals in Malaysia. Among the
current issue is the RM 100 million modern pig-farming project in Tumbuk Estate
Kuala Langat Selangor. People who are living in nearby area protest against
Selangor government’s move in approving the above project. They oppose the
project due to the pollution and health. Another religious issue is the story of
a woman to live apart from her non-muslim husband and gave him custody of their
seven children after she has choosen to remain a muslim. This is a sad story of
the couple due to their different religious beliefs. This paper will examine and
discuss these religious and sensitive issues as they have potential to decrease
a spirit of national unity and racial integration among the people if we fail to
handle them properly.
Dr Muda @ Ismail Ab Rahman is a Professor at the Department of
Theology and Philosophy, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of
Malaysia
THE CONCEPT, PHILOSOPHY AND THE APPROACH OF ISLAM HADHARI Dr
Amini Amir Abdullah
The approach of Islam Hadhari is recorded officially in the
Manifesto of the National Front Party (coalition parties) 2004. It is the
promise of the Malaysian government to the people so that the approach of Islam
Hadhari will be fully implemented in all walks of life. The concept of Islam
Hadhari is associated with Islamic teachings. Islam Hadhari is an approach and
mechanism towards the development and advancement of the ummah and country.
Islam Hadhari is not an ism, ideology nor a new religion. It emphasizes on
preserving the image of Islam and its adherents. Islam Hadhari does not minimize
the significance and importance of Islam. Islam Hadhari means Islam as a way to
civilize. It is a concept which is derived from the basic teachings of al-Quran
and al-Sunnah. The government tries to strengthen up the condition and image of
the Muslims. The government wishes that the future generation will be strong.
The concept of Islam Hadhari posits ten principles namely: faith and piety of
Allah, a just and trustworthy government, a free and independent people, the
mastery of knowledge (through vigorous continuous pursuit of knowledge), a
balanced and comprehensive economic development, a good quality of life, the
protection of the rights of minority groups and women, strong cultural and moral
integrity, safeguarding and preserving the natural resources and environment and
strong defence. The policy of Islam Hadhari does not contradicted to the
teachings of Islam because the government and all fellow Malaysian Muslim
citizens still believe that Islam through its foundations; al-Quran and al-Sunnah
is universally applicable to all times and places. The human being is the
vicegerent of Allah on earth. Man is born to serve as a faithful representative
of Allah. Therefore men have to strive hard to change their life and destiny
with any approach as long as it is in line with al-Quran and al-Sunnah.
Dr Amini Amir Abdullah is a Lecturer at the Department of
Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
ISLAM HADHARI IN MALAYSIA: RESPONSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
DA’WAH Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, Associate Professor Dr
Ghafar Don, Associate Professor Dr Zulkiple Ghani, and Othman Talib
Islam Hadhari (Civilisational Islam) that emerged after the
landslide victory of Barisan Nasional (National Front) in 2004 has become a very
popular and controversial issue in Malaysia. In general, Islam Hadhari is a
newly promoted concept that could be applied as the state policy to govern
Malaysia in the modern era. It is also a continuous approach of Penerapan
Nilai-nilai Islam (Inculcating Islamic Values) that was firstly introduced by
Tun Mahathir Muhammad in the early 1980s. As for the government ruling party,
Islam Hadhari is meant for a unifying factor that could minimise the clash
between two Malay political parties namely UMNO (United Malay National
Organisation) and PAS (Malaysian Islamic Party). However, such a good motive
like this is not being fairly responded by those who critically view it as a
political tool to win back support from the Malay particularly after the Anwar
Saga in the 1998. For PAS, it was only a recycled bankrupt idea that failed to
practice in the country. Moreover, the concept can be considered as a factor
that creates confusion for the people in understanding Islam. To a large extent,
it was then accused as a new religion or sect in Islam that has departed from
its basic fundamental teaching. It is suggested that one of the most moderate
attitude towards this issue might come from the perspective of Islamic da’wah
that primarily promotes hikmah in its approach. Thus, the very clear and recent
perspective of da’wah particularly of the Islamic movements is highlighted and
discussed in the paper.
Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Dakwah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
PROMOTING ISLAM HADHARI THROUGH THE MOSQUE: A CASE STUDY IN
THE STATE OF JOHORE Associate Professor Dr Zulkiple Abd Ghani, and Ab Halim
Tamuri
In the development of Muslim community, mosque is considered
as a nerve centre. Though varying in dimensions and structures, the mosque
becomes a place of worship five times a day as well as a symbol for the
diffusion of ‘truly’ Islamic knowledge. Since the approach of Islam Hadhari or
‘Civilizational Islam’ was introduced by the Malaysian government in 2004, the
mosques throughout the country have actively promoted the new ways of improving
the life of Muslims. This study is an attempt to examine the administration and
activities of the mosques in supporting the ideas of Islam Hadhari especially in
the state of Johore. Friday’s khutbah (sermons), religious preachings, forums as
well as the celebration of various events in the Islamic calendar will be
analysed in order to illustrate how the new understanding of Islam is being
promoted. This paper argues that the mosque, where the believers assemble for
prayers as well as for the spiritual upliftment, is the respectable premise that
should be utilised extensively for the changing of Muslim minds towards this
worldly life.
Dr Zulkiple Abdul Ghani is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Da’wah and Leadership Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ab
Halim Tamuri ia a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Education, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
COMMUNICATION IN ISLAMIC ONLINE COMMUNITY: A STUDY ON
ISLAH-NET Muhamad Faisal Ashaari
This study seeks to analyze the ways in which the ‘e-group’
has been used as a medium of communication by Islamic groups for the various
reasons. Among the numerous of Islamic e-groups that have different objectives
and purposes, as a case study, this paper examines Islah-net; an Islamic virtual
discussion group belong to (Jamaah Islah Malaysia) JIM that focus on the effort
to reform (al-Islah) Islam. Islah-net is participated by 3473 people and its
membership is open not only to the members of JIM but also to the non-members.
Applying the content analysis as a method of study, the paper analyzed patterns
of communication through the emails posted to Islah-net community for a year
period between April 2006 and Mac 2007. The main concern of the pattern is the
content of communication (maudu’) and the degree of participation among the
members of Islah-net. This study also seeks to analyze the direction of the
discussion in Islah-net within this period whether in accordance with its
mission or not. Besides, the paper also discusses this Islamic virtual group as
a community online based on the participation of the members of e-groups.
Muhamad Faisal Ashaari is a Lecturer at the Department of
Da‘wah and Leadership Studies, National University of Malaysia
ISLAMIC ETHICAL VALUES FOR INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT) DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA Aznan Zuhid Saidin, Dr Amran Muhammad,
and Raja Ahmad Iskandar Raja Yaacob
Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an
important role in a nation’s development. Creation of the information society is
seen as the ‘flavour’ of development in this Information Age and ICT development
policies are one of its elements. Malaysia has taken steps towards this
direction in utilizing ICT for development, and at the same time, being a Muslim
country, plans its development initiatives based on the principles and values of
Islam. However, it is still unclear how Islamic values can be inculcated into
ICT development in Malaysia. Researchers from the west have discussed ICT
development issues from their ethical perspectives. Therefore, this paper
intends to discuss issues of Islamic ethical values that can be related to
Malaysian ICT development. A suggested framework for identifying Islamic values
in ICT development is mentioned. The ICT development policies and initiatives
under various bodies and agencies responsible for ICT development are suggested
for further analysis. Issues highlighted in this paper will benefit policy
makers, administrators as well as researchers by providing insights into this
matter and suggestions for improvements. They would also benefit policy makers
from other Muslim countries who intend to incorporate Islamic values in their
ICT development policies and plans.
Aznan Zuhid Saidin is a Lecturer at International Islamic
University Malaysia. Raja Ahmad Iskandar Raja Yaacob is from University of
Manchester
THE DESIGN OF AN ONLINE ZAKAT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Dr Norizan
Mohd Yasin, and Associate Professor Dr Zaitun Abu Bakar
In Malaysia, although Islam is the official religion, Zakat
Institution has not played a significant role so far, the main reason is the
small amount of zakat collected in the country. The zakat institution can play a
significant role in meeting some of the needs of the community, provided
effective distribution programs are carried out in all the states to complement
government programs. The challenge is to be able to make an impact on the
community using zakat money of about RM 430 million a year collected by the
various Islamic councils in the country. Malaysia has excellent IT
infrastructure and is capable of utilizing Internet technologies to improve
services to its citizens. In this paper, we present to the readers our concept
of an ideal zakat management system. The proposed system will exploit the full
potential of an online system and will be integrated with the Inland Revenue
System, improve zakat collection and distribution and most importantly improve
transparency. The paper starts with an introduction to the current status of
Islam in Malaysia and this leads to a description of Zakat collection and
distribution in the country. The focus is then directed to the problems and
challenges faced by the authorities in the management of zakat in Malaysia.
Next, we present to the readers, the features that the proposed e-Zakat system
will have and how they can address the problems encountered by the present zakat
collection and management system. Finally, we describe how the new proposed
system can be implemented and our recommendations to the relevant ministries.
Dr Zaitun Abu Bakar is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Information Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information
Technology, University of Malaya
TERRORISM ACCORDING TO ARABIC LEXICOGRAPHY Professor Dr Tengku
Ghani T. Jusoh
Terrorism according to the Arabic Lexicography is academically
to identify some of the characteristics of Arabic Terminology for “Terrorism”
with special reference to the authentic Arabic Lexicons. It is lexically hoped
that from this writing, it may be possible to present a critical examination of
the above previously mentioned subject in manner would be readily accessible to
anyone interested.
Dr Tengku Ghani T. Jusoh is a Professor at the Department of
Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
ABU JABIR ‘ABDULLAH B. AHMAD AL-GHADAMISI: A REFORMIST ULAMA’
IN THE MALAYA STATE Associate Professor Dr Mahayudin Hj Yahaya
This paper is an attempt to highlight the role played by
Shaykh Abu Jabir, `Abdullah b. Ahmad al-Ghadamisi (generally known as Shaykh
Abdullah Maghribi) one of the islah’s figures in Malaya in their movement
against elements of shirk (polytheism), khurafat (superstition) and bid`ah
(innovation) and for the return to the pure teachings of Islam based on the
Qyr`an and the Hadith (Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad sallallahu `alaihi
wasallam). Shaykh Abu Jabir was a progressive religious teacher, writer and
activist in the cause of islah or reform in Islam. He was a primary recource for
Syed Shaykh al-Hady’s jihad. The role played by Abu Jabir clearly shows his
resourcefulness in bringing the Malays to an awareness of the importance of
islah. Though he was no a Malay, his activities and involvement in Malay society
showed his empathy with the Malay people. His contributions to the educational
world in Perak and Penang bear witness to his awareness of the importance of
education for Muslims. As a teacher, he had proven his credibility. Like the
other islah figures, Syed shaykh al-Hady and Shaykh Tahir Jalaluddin, who were
his contemporaries, he rebuked, shook and challenged the peaceful slumber of the
Islamic situation at tah time.
Dr Mahayudin Hj Yahaya is an Associate Professor at Faculty of
Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Islamic University of Sultan Sharif
Ali, Brunei Darussalam
REVISIT CAUSALITY IN MUSLIM THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
WORKS AND MALAYSIAN MUSLIMS’ TENDENCIES TOWARD CAUSALITY Associate Professor Dr
Ibrahim Abu Bakar
Professor Harry Austryn Wolfson from Harvard University in his
work named The Philosophy of Kalam (1976) discusses causality as understood and
presented by Muslim theologians and philosophers. Muslim theologian and
philosopher Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111 C.E) is said to have denied causality,
and the Ash`rite theologians have agreed with him. On the contrary, Muslim
philosopher Ibn Rushd or Averroes (d.1198 C.E) is said to have affirmed
causality, and the Mu`tazilite theologians also uphold causality. This paper
plans to explain causality in Muslim theological and philosophical works as well
as to describe the theological and philosophical outlooks of Malaysian Muslims
in relation to causality. To describe their tendencies and outlooks, this paper
refers to the contents of the Malaysian Muslim theological works called the
Kitab Jawi or Jawi books since they have been written in the Malay-Jawi scripts.
Five of them are referred in this paper. The tentative hypothesis is Malaysian
Muslims are not in favor of causality in their theological and philosophical
outlooks.
Dr Ibrahim Abu Bakar is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, Faculty of Islamic Studies,
National University of Malaysia
THE MALAYSIAN PERLIS ISLAHI‘S MOVEMENT ACHIEVEMENT IN REFUTING
THE DOMINANCE OF THE PRACTICE OF THE SHAFI‘I MADHHAB Dr Mohd Nasir Abd Hamid
In 19th Century CE the term islāh is used to denote 'reform'
to perceive the function of the teachings of al-Afghānī, ‘Abduh and Ridā and
those who were influenced by them like Shaykh Tahir in Malaysia. They struggled
to refine Muslim society and to call them back to Islam. In Perlis, the research
on this issue were conducted through documents and interviews. The study found
that the movement emerged in the early 1920s CE to challenge the practice of the
Shāfi‘ī madhhab in the state as well as in Malaysia. In 1948 CE, important men
of the movement were appointed as the first Committee of the State Religious
Council. Consequently, they organized programmes to oppose Kaum Tua (the
traditionalists) and controlling the influence of the madhhab in Perlis. In 1959
the movement’s proposal that the doctrines of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa ‘l-Jamā’ah
should be established as the basis of the State’s structures gained the support
of the State Executive and agreed by the Perlis Sovereign. In 1963 The Laws of
the Perlis Islamic Administration confirmed that al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah should
be established in the State’s Regulation as the basic point of references
without mention to follow of any particular madhhab. This is an innovation of
unimaginable magnitude when compared with provisions of the other States in
Malaysia.
Dr Mohd Nasir Abd Hamid is a Senior Lecturer at Centre for
Islamic Thought and Understanding, MARA University of Technology, Arau Campus,
Malaysia
ADAB IKHTILAF IN MALAYSIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY Othman Talib,
Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, Associate Professor Dr Zulkiple
Ghani, and Dr. Sulaiman Ibrahim
It is known that Adab al-Ikhtilaf is a concept that emerged in
line with the resurgence of Islam in Malaysia. It appears to be a solution for
Malaysian Islamic movement to bridge differences, gap and disagreement between
them. Nevertheless, there are few studies made upon the issues. Based on the
proposed funded study by the National University of Malaysia, the writer would
introduce a preliminary research on Adab al-Ikhtilaf among the Malaysian Islamic
movement. The paper would firstly highlight a concept of Adab al-Ikhtilaf which
covers the rule and goal of dialogue that usually takes place in practicing such
concept. The limitation and ethic of disagreement during the life of the Prophet
would also be discussed. A further discussion would go on the practice of Adab
al-Ikhtilaf among Malaysian Islamic movements that of course would benefit them
in managing the advent of Islam in Malaysia.
Othman Talib is a Lecturer at the Department of Da`wah and
Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
BAHR AL-MĀDHĪ: A SIGNIFICANCE HADĪTH TEXT FOR MALAY MUSLIMS
AS TOOLS FOR POLITICAL TEACHING Latifah Abdul Majid
This study focuses on specific Hadith text, Bahr al-Madhi
al-Sharh Mukhtasar Sahih al-Tirmidhi by Shaikh Idris al-Marbawi. This text
is selected for two reasons: firstly, its provide invaluable data for analyses
of political teaching in Malaysia (particularly during 20th century); secondly,
its were openly acknowledged by the Malay community until recently as highly
esteemed sources of revelation from the Prophet (S.A.W), but may now be
neglected in favor of more ‘modern’ versions. The research is therefore
undertaken on a three-fold premise, as follows: this text should be restored to
their former status as clear and authoritative guides for human conduct in areas
ranging from manners to political teaching. Al-Marbawi’s commentary provides the
clearest examples of the use of exegesis as a tool for political teaching, and
its written methodology is held to have influenced the great Hadith scholar –
al-Tirmidhi – and should therefore be esteemed accordingly. The intention in
this is to demonstrate al-Marbawi’s deep condemnation at that time of the
ideology held by the Kaum Tua and Kaum Muda (political polemics) for instance.
Al-Marbawi, as a great scholar was independent authority who saw the polemics as
his mission to uphold the truth as received by the Prophet (S.A.W). Therefore,
as a criticism of these groups, his condemnation is significantly absolute. In
the course of history however this condemnation may have been forgotten. One of
the main purposes of this study is thus to act as a reminder. In the light of
his strong influence upon such esteemed Hadith scholars as Tirmidhi, it is
argued that the writings of al-Marbawi represent a vital resource for the
purposes of educating the Malay people on the subject of the Hadith. The
study’s conclusions are therefore two-fold: Firstly, the writing of al-Marbawi
is crucial to the purity of fundamental Islamic political principles, and
therefore have a vital role to play as transmitters of authoritative Hadith
teachings to the Malay community. Secondly, if political (and social) discourse
is based on the purity of this translation and commentary, then (all) such
discourse will be legitimized as deriving directly from the sayings of the
Prophet (S.A.W) – that is, polemics would never exist. In the interests of
validity and reliability, the study provides multiple sources of evidence. These
include tape-recorded in-depth interviews with researchers (in particular with
an expert educationalist in 20th century social, political and religious affairs
in Malaysia) and academicians who are biographers of this great scholar
identified. Also included are data-gathering techniques such as library and
document research. Research methods used to examine the original writings of al-Marbawi
are largely ‘qualitative’, and consist of approaches such as ‘Hermeneutics and
the ‘inferential’ technique of ‘content analyses’.
Latifah Abdul Majid is a Lecturer at the Department of
al-Qur’an and al-Hadith Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of
Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
PATTERNS OF RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE OF THE JĀWAH IN THE
PRE-TWENTIETH CENTURY MALAY ARCHIPELAGO: THE CASE OF HADĪTH AND ITS SCIENCES
Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif
Following the intensification of the islamisation process of
the Malay Archipelago from the fifteenth century onwards, much attention and
energy was spent by the Malays; who were also known collectively as Jāwah, in
the formulation and development of their religious discourse in the form of
kitab jawi or religious literatures written using the Jawi script. Despite the
flourishing of new intellectual hubs in the various cosmopolitan city-ports of
Malacca, Aceh, and others, the Jāwah were also known to have traveled to the
Islamic heartlands to perform the pilgrimage and spent years of their lives in
search of knowledge. In fact, towards the middle of the nineteenth century, a
considerable community of teachers, students and authors was already thriving in
Mecca and served as the most revered point of religious reference for their
compatriots back home. However, apart from Creed, Jurisprudence, and Sufism,
which dominated the main themes of the kitab jawi, and subsequently the focus of
study among researchers in the field, not much is known on the state of hadīth
and its scholarship among the Jāwah in this period. Notwithstanding this, as
well as the scarcity of materials, this paper endeavors to analyze this
important issue while highlighting its main patterns of development throughout
this period as exemplified by some of the available and newly discovered
resources on the matter. In addition, a discussion on the changing patterns of
hadīth scholarship at the turn of the twentieth century will also be included
for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif is a Senior Lecturer at Islamic
Science University of Malaysia
THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH IN THE MALAYSIAN SOCIETY
Fadlan Mohd Othman, Ahamad Asmadi Sakat, and Muhd Najib Abdul Kadir
The importance of the study of al-Hadith is very obvious in
many Arabic countries as well as in the Indian sub-continent. However, in South
East Asia; Malaysia in particular, it is challenging to find an outstanding
scholar in the field of al-Hadith. This phenomena leads to a critical and
serious condition of ignoring the importance of verifying the authenticity of
the hadiths used in the daily life of a muslim. This lackadaisical attitude
become worst when the people in charge of the Islamic matters does not fulfill
the obligation of Takhrij al-Hadith (verification of al-Hadith). This is
prevalent especially in the Friday sermons, news paper articles and Islamic
books. Todate, there is no authority to address this crucial problem. This study
will focus on the importance of Takhrij al-Hadith in upholding the pure Islamic
Teaching in the Malaysian society. It will also inshaAllah attempt to give an
instant solution to overcome the problem.
Fadlan Mohd Othman is a Lecturer at the Department of al-Quran
and al-Sunnah Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
THE DEVELOPMENT OF QURANIC EXEGESIS IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO:
A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MALAYSIAN SCENARIO Dr Mazlan Ibrahim, and Associate
Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir
It is argued that the study of tafsir (Quranic Exegesis) and
its writing may not be clearly found as early as the arrival of Islam in the
Malay Archipelago. The early propagators might have been largely involved in
encouraging people to believe in Islam rather than specifically teaching Quran.
Nevertheless, as a core subject of the Islamic teaching Quran might has been
indirectly introduced since the advance of Islam in the region. Moreover, it was
the task of Muslim mubaligh to deliver the message of the holy book soon after
they managed to convert the Malays into Islam. Hence, they had gradually
introduced al-Quran in the sense of Quranic exegesis that in the mean time would
have also acellerated its writing in the Malay perspectives. The paper would
like to chronoligically trace the development of Quranic exegesis and its
writing from the period of early Islam in the region until the present day. It
would be focusing on two major development namely in the Malay Archipelago and
Malaysia.
Dr Mazlan Ibrahim is Lecturer at Faculty of Islamic Studies,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
BANK AL-HADITH: AS A NEED Ahamad Asmadi Sakat, Kharuddin Mohd
Amin, Fadlan Mohd Othman, and Dr Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah
The purpose of this paperwork is to explain the meaning of
bank hadith and its need in Malaysia, focusing on several local universities
that directly involve in the study of hadith. This paperwork will expose the
methodology of this study, the students’ efficiency level, academician, scholars
and those who are directly involve in the field of hadith. This paperwork will
indicate their level of understanding in the field of hadith. This paperwork
will also list down the problem and how it is done to solve that particular
problem to maintain the holiness of Al-Sunnah. Finally, the bank hadith will be
introduced and explained to the society about the importance of this bank hadith
and how it fulfills the needs of the present Muslim society.
Ahamad Asmadi Sakat is a Lecturer at the Department of
al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
THE PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS BASED ON THE
PRINCIPLE OF ISLAM HADHARI OF MALAYSIA Dr Sulaiman Kadikon
At the end of last two years and early last year, there were
tragedy of big flood occurred at the State of Johore, Malaysia. It was showed
the weakness of Malaysians on the practice of environmental ethics. Therefore,
the Government of Malaysia has launched of ten principles of Islam Hadhari which
include the protection of environment as one of the Islam Hadhari’s Principle.
This paper will explain some of the perception of Muslim in Malaysia towards
their environmental awareness. Then, the researcher has done the research on
some aspects of Muslim perception such as their attitude on environmental
recycles, domestics waste, inside vehicle and the attitude during ablution or
wudhu. The finding showed that although there are highly environmental
awareness, however in term of implementation there are medium awareness. It is
believe the muslim in Malaysia need to understand the approach of Islam Hadhari
to be implemented and practiced on every daily life.
Dr Sulaiman Kadikon is a Lecturer at Centre for Islamic
Studies and Social Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
THE THEMES AND STYLES OF ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY IN THE MALAYSIAN
MOSQUES: CASE STUDIES ON MOSQUES IN AND AROUND KUALA LUMPUR Dr Abd Rahman Hj
Hamzah
Calligraphy plays a distinctive role in relation to Islamic
architecture. It is projected from the Quran onto the monument; to decorate
Muslim buildings, mosques and any place retaining a divine association. These
unique forms and decorations are influenced by religion, the design traditions
of its various peoples, and the sensibilities of its own artists and builders.
The choices of inscriptions in Malaysian mosques, especially the Quranic verses,
were not based on their aesthetical value or physical aspects per se but they
were carved and finished for many significant roles and can shed light on many
aspects of Muslim’s life including the aspects of history, religious, culture,
art, development of style and other information presented in the texts. This
study shows that among other roles of calligraphy inscriptions in the Malaysian
mosques are to illustrate the role of mosque, calling the Muslims to perform
their duties as well as reminder to the Greatness of Allah. There is hardly to
find themes that go beyond the relationship between man and his creator. Various
calligraphy styles have been applied but the most preferable are the Thulth and
Kufi styles. These styles were chosen because of their unique characteristics
such as elasticity and the aesthetical value that suits decoration purposes. On
the other hand, this shows that Malaysian calligraphers are mostly influenced by
calligraphers especially from the Middle East and Turkey.
Dr Abd Rahman Hj Hamzah is a Lecturer at Centre for Islamic
Studies and Social Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
THE AHMADIYYAH IDRISIYYAH ORDER IN THE STATE OF KELANTAN,
MALAYSIA: A HISTORIAL APPROACH Associate Professor Dr Che Zarrina Sa’ari
The working paper is an attempt to describe a development of
Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order (tariqah) including its organization with reference
to the state of Kelantan. The approach of this study is historical, comparative
and critical and its concentrations are as follows: i. A historical background
of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order. ii. The emergence of the Ahmadiyyah
Idrisiyyah Order in the state of Kelantan. The study wills briefly discuss about
the founder and the early development of the Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order.
Therefore, the paper will comprehensively explain about the emergence of the
Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah Order into the state of Kelantan which two suggestions of
whom, how and when it was brought to the state. The explanation will focus too
on Islamic scholars in Kelantan who had a relationhip with this order, either
direct or indirect in order to get an accurate view of it. Finally it will come
to conclusion.
Dr Che Zarrina Sa’ari is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Islamic Theology and Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies,
University of Malaya
THE PERSONALITY OF THE PROPHET AS A MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Arena Che Kasim
Today, different types of social problems face every country
all over the world. One of the countries which is not excluded from experiencing
these social illnesses is Malaysia. Social problems for Malaysians have become
serious and are worsening. Various types of moral problems now happen among
Malaysian people regardless of ages, races and religions, with no sign of
reducing. It is for this reason that this paper will propose that spiritual
development is essential to develop the wisdom to address these problems. It is
believed that if no immediate action is taken, then these social problems will
impact more and more negatively on the Malaysian community and become out of
control for the future. The prophet’s personality has been chosen as a model of
the human development based on the capacity of mankind who has been awarded by
Allah the psychophysics and has the accountability towards Allah as His
vicegerent on the earth. The personality of the prophet who was known as al-amin
among the Arabs indeed having four best quality of characteristics that are
siddiq (trustworthy), amanah (accountability), tabligh (to propagate knowledge)
and fatanah (intelligence). It is believed that, by following the
characteristics of the prophet, the development of the human being will be
sustained with the best result. The social problems which are facing by the
country now hopefully can be reduced if it is cannot be demolished totally.
Arena Che Kasim is a Lecturer at Faculty of Development Science, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of
Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
THE IMPACT OF IQ, EQ AND SQ COMPETENCIES ON JOB PRFORMANCE OF
MUSLIM SUPPORT STAFF IN MALAYSIAN E-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Dr Salmiah Mohamad Amin
The implementation of E-Government projects has resulted in
the shift from a traditional work paradigm to a modern work paradigm which
involves the use of computer-based information system for a large part of
knowledge work. Consequently, this required Malaysian civil servants to have
sufficient skills to efficiently utilize computer soft wares and multimedia
applications. Moreover, the new challenging work environment not only demands
high IQ competencies, but also EQ and SQ competencies to achieve excellent job
performance among Muslim support staff of the E-Government agencies. The
findings of the study indicate that EQ competency of relationship management is
the most significant predictor of job performance for the Muslim support staff
followed by IQ competency of information management, SQ competency of ability to
relate work and purpose of life, EQ competency of social awareness, and IQ
competency in IT application.
Dr Salmiah Mohamad Amin is a Lecturer and Head of Management
Department, Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia
RELIGIOSITY AND ETHICS Associate Professor Dr Maznah Che
Ghazali, and Mohammad Noorizzuddin Nooh
A substantial number of scholars argue that religiosity is one
of the factors that influence an individual’s ethical decision making process.
Religiosity is a concept which is very dynamic in which it differs from one
religion to another thus giving a generic definition of religiosity is a
difficult task. A number of Western scholars use the element of practice such as
church attendance to illustrate religiosity while this is partially true in
Islam. Due to this phenomenon, the author suggested a thorough look into
developing a reliable religiosity measurement instrument to gauge the level of
religiosity among Muslim. Even though the right to measure the level of
religiosity is in the hands of Allah, the author believe that for academic
purposes, this exercise is necessary as a contribution to the body of knowledge.
Mohammad Noorizzuddin Nooh is a Lecturer at Islamic Science
University of Malaysia
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL DISPOSITION QUESTIONNAIRE
Dr Aswati Hamzah, and Mohd Zailani Hj Mohd Yusof
The Islamic Spiritual Disposition Questionnaire (ISDQ) was
developed in Bahasa Malaysia (known as Soal Selidik Kecenderungan Kerohanian
Islam) to measure the level of spiritual disposition among Muslim. It was
developed based on Islamic theological perspective as manifestoes of al Baqarah
: ayah 62, stated: “Verily! Those who believe and those who are Jews and
Christians Sabians and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and do
righteous good deeds shall have their reward on their Lord on them shall be no
fear, nor shall they grieve.” The initial stage of the construction involved
adaptation of Religious orientation test (ORTHO). This was done to modify ORTHO
philosophical background and items in line with Islamic theological basis.
Document analysis on Islamic resources mainly al-Quran, and al-Hadis has
identify ten constructs manifestoes the concept of tawheed on personal daily
experiences. The construct were operationalized into ten 10 items of Religious
orientation test (known as Ujian Orientasi agama). The development of the
constructs was complemented by administering questionnaires to 725 students from
non Islamic basis school. However the results reveal the items has low
reliability indexes to measure the student’s spiritual disposition. The
advancement process of the test involved revisited the construct and
reconstructs the item. Three constructs were identified; beliefs and faith,
intrinsic and extrinsic underlying three dimensions of Islamic theological
perspective, Huquq Allah, Huquq Al-Adamiyyin and Huquq Al-Ibad. Initially 40
items were operationalized and validated by experts in the Islamic knowledge
before being pilot tested. Expert checking and item analysis procedures employed
reduced the items to 35. Using stratified random sampling procedures, the final
pilot study was done involving 200 form four students from 4 Islamic basis
schools from Kedah and Kelantan. The reliability alpha for three constructs lies
in between 0.776 to 0.855. Overall the ISDQ shows an alpha reliability of 0.859
thus indicating a high reliability. The scores for the three constructs can be
plotted to show the profile of spirituality disposition for each student. This
will help the authorities to identify the imbalance in the level of spiritual
disposition among Malay students and Malaysian Muslims. The information from the
questionnaire will benefit many parties to identify the strength and weaknesses
of Muslims spiritual development as well as designing appropriate intervention
programmes to remedy the situation. Thus ISDQ will work as assessment device to
assured the spiritual quality of human capital of Malaysian towards the
fulfilment of a Malaysia Hadhari policy.
Dr Aswati Hamzah is a Lecturer at University Sains Malaysia
and Mohd Zailani Hj Mohd Yusof is a Lecturer at University Utara Malaysia
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Zulkifli Hasan
Corporate governance is one of the essential elements of
corporation as it plays roles to design and promote principles of fairness,
accountability and transparency. Western concept of corporate governance either
the neo-liberal approach that promotes shareholder-value system or the
continental model that upholds the stakeholder-value system has been subject of
continuing debate for well over a century. It is observed however that there is
not much discussion or literature on the issue of corporate governance from the
Islamic perspective. It is strongly indicated that any Islamic corporation
particularly Islamic financial institution needs to have a solid governance
model and proper strategies that will promote the adoption of strong and
effective corporate governance within the Islamic paradigm. This paper is
intended to provide an overview on the corporate governance from Islamic
perspective focuses on the Islamic financial institution.
Zulkifli Hasan is a Lecturer at Faculty of Syariah and Law,
Islamic Science University of Malaysia
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MALAY ENTREPRENEUR: CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Muhammad Ahmad, and Dr Jabal M Buaben
This study examines the influence of Islam and culture on the
Malay-Muslim business environment. Three distinctive phases in their cultural
history namely the primitive stage, the Hinduistic stage and the Islamic stage
are discussed. As a part of the Malay cultural influence, the period of British
colonialization on Malaya during the 18th and 20th century is also discussed.
Cultural influences from these sources are examined to present a clear picture
on the entity of the Malay culture and its possible origins. The various
definitions of the Malays are discussed taking into account albeit being
inclined to the definition from the Constitution of Malaysia. The historical
evidence of their trade in South East Asia is elaborated to periods dated back
before the presence of colonials such as the Portuguese, Netherlands and
British. The presence of Islam in Malaysia is first looked from the dates and
the process of the incoming of Islam into the Malay Archipelago. The debates on
the process of Islam becoming a dominant factor in the Malay culture and how it
is accepted and practiced in Malaysia follow. Intricately, however, the
“Malayness” of this people is viewed as a result of the strength of two central
pillars: Islam as a religious and universal pillar, and the Malay customary laws
or the adat as the locally embedded morality. This paper suggests that within
the life of the Malay, Islam has taken the “cultural-symbolic” form. Besides
being a critical pillar for the faith, it is also ceremonial and ritualistic.
Finally, this paper looks at how traders within the environs of the Malays deal,
tolerate and involve with the interplay of Islamic teachings and the culture.
Muhammad Ahmad is a doctorate candidate at Centre for the
Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, University of Birmingham
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ISLAM IN MARKETING Associate Professor
Dr Hussin Salamon, and Professor Dr Joni Tamkin Borhan
In the business world one important point that needs to be
considered by every businessman in order to attain success in their business is
the aspect of marketing. In this respect it is not a surprise if a company would
spend billion of dollars in actualizing their marketing strategies. There are
variety of marketing strategies had been invented by companies to ensure every
single information on their product is advantageously used and reaching the
customers. In addition, a variety approaches and techniques in marketing
strategies is a good move as this will attract more individual to participate in
the company as a marketing agent, officer or representative. The marketing
strategy in the economic system of Islam is not totally diverted from the
capitalist system. However, as the life of a Muslim is to achieve al-falah (real
success) in both worlds, hence the activity of marketing must be conducted in
accordance to the teaching of shari‘ah (Islamic law). The activity of marketing
is importance in an Islamic economy as the activity of marketing in an Islamic
economy should carries among others the following implications, achieving the
pleasure of God, fulfilling social responsibility and achieving economics and
cost efficiency. Hence, a few concepts and basic elements or principles of
marketing in Islam shall be discussed in this research paper. Obviously the
basic principles of marketing in Islam is necessarily designed for al-‘adalah to
prevail in the business activities of a society.
Dr Hussin Salamon is an Associate Professor and Deputy
Director of Centre for Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, and Dr
Joni Tamkin Borhan is a Professor at the Department of Shariah and Economics,
Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya
CONSUMER INTENTION IN PURCHASING HALAL FOOD PRODUCTS
Kamarulzaman Ismail, and Phoon Onn Fatt
This paper examines the factors that influence the consumer
intention to purchase halal food products by exploring the consumer attitude,
subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavior intention. This
research serves to test the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior
(TPB) in predicting the intention in purchasing halal food products among Malay,
Chinese and Indian. The findings of the study indicated that TPB could be used
in predicting the intention to purchase halal food products, and demonstrated
that religion played a significant factor on consumers’ purchase intention. It
is expected that the feedback from the survey will give an actual snapshot on
the intention to purchase halal food products in Malaysia.
Kamarulzaman Ismail is a Lecturer at the Department of
Entrepreneurship, Marketing and Islamic Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia
THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS SHARIAH-BASED CREDIT CARD IN ISLAMIC
FRAMEWORK: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW IN MALAYSIA Syahidawati Haji Shahwan, Supiah
Salleh, and Dr Zurina Shafii
Islamic Credit Card has started its first innovation in
Malaysia in the year 2002 with Arab Malaysian Bank (AMbank) - Al-Taslif Card.
But, the society does not really aware and interested on the new invention until
another Islamic Credit Card emerged under Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad with Bank
Islam Card. With a great promotion done, BIMB is known as the first bank
introduced Islamic Credit Card. In the year 2006 later, another card was issued
in order to cater the demand and to become another alternative for Muslim
consumers. Bank Simpanan Nasional then announced the new Al-Aiman Card with the
similar Shariah operation with the other two cards. However, the emergence of
Islamic Credit Card in Malaysia does not portray the level of awareness and
understanding among card holder. Thus, this study is an attempt to obtain the
relationship between ownership of Shariah-based Credit cards to the religiosity
indexes of the respondents. Specifically, the study focuses on the respondents’
different level of religiousness in terms of their 3 main entities, i.e. Tauhid,
Belief on Pillars of Iman, Application of Pillars of Islam and performing other
complementary deeds.
Syahidawati Haji Shahwan, Supiah Salleh, and Dr Zurina Shafii
are Lecturers at Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam
Malaysia
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF CREDIT CARDS FOR MALAYSIAN
MUSLIMS Nazimah Hussin
This paper examines the impact of credit cards on Malaysian
Muslims by using data from various sources including secondary and primary
sources such as personal interviews, experience and observations of the
researcher while in Malaysia. The findings appear to support the view that
Malaysians are becoming reliant on credit cards as a mode of payment. Although
this study urges more empirical research to prove that credit card usage amongst
certain individuals to overcome temporary shortage of income will lead them to a
more severe stage of debt, these findings should at least alert consumers and
policy makers to the dangers that may be brought to the nation by credit cards.
Nazimah Hussin is a Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
PUTTING ETHICS INTO INVESTMENT: THE ROLE OF MALAYSIA'S
LEADERSHIP IN THE GLOBAL ISLAMIC FINANCE Mohd Nizam Barom
Malaysia has been in the forefront in championing the cause of
Islamic banking and finance industry. With the increased sophistication and
complexity of the sector, the country is poised to become the regional Islamic
banking and finance centre. However, criticisms are leveled against its
practice. While the industry is the offshoot of the revival of Islamic political
economy, it is said that the course that the industry is heading has diverged
from its conceptual underpinnings found in the literature of Islamic economics.
Despite the fact that some critics have come to accept that Islamic financial
institutions, like other business entities, need to be run on the basis of
profit maximization, the call to address social justice and human welfare by
Islamic financial institutions remain a deep-seated conviction by many of its
advocates. This paper will examine the promising character of Islamic investment
sector in addressing social and ethical issues in a more explicit and
constructive manner, in line with the ideals of Islamic economics and the
overall spirit of Islam. Some interesting parallels of Islamic investment
approach with the ‘Socially Responsible Investment’ movement practiced in the
West are also discussed. Given the mature and advanced state of domestic Islamic
equity market, Malaysia can play an important role to provide global leadership
in this area, and reinforce its position as the regional hub of Islamic finance.
Mohd Nizam Barom is a Lecturer at the Department of Economics,
Kuliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University
Malaysia and a PhD candidate at the School of Government and International
Affairs, University of Durham
SHARI‘AH SUPERVISORY AND AUDITING PRACTICES OF THE MALAYSIAN
ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Norzitah Abdul Karim
Previous research, on the emerging issues of Shari’ah
supervision and auditing are very few. In Malaysia, Islamic banking is in its
infancy and thus, many areas are yet to be developed especially in the area of
Shari’ah supervision and auditing. This paper is written as an exploratory study
to examine the current practices of the Shari’ah supervision. The study was
conducted in year 2005 among some selected Malaysian Islamic Commercial Banks. A
set of questionnaires was also developed and used for the purpose. The practices
were then compared to the Accounting and Auditing Organisation For Islamic
Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), and the Auditing Standard for Islamic Financial
Institutions (ASIFI). The questionnaires were also used to ascertain bankers’
perceptions of the level of involvement by the Shari’ah Council and level of
compliance to the Shari’ah. The results showed differences and variations in
practices among Islamic Banks. There is also relatively low involvement by the
Shari’ah supervision in the day-to-day operation of the banks. In conclusion,
there is a gap in the structural and practices of Shari’ah supervision in
Malaysia.
Norzitah Abdul Karim is a Lecturer at the Department of
Accounting, Business and Economics, International Islamic College
HUMAN CAPITAL AND ISLAMIC FINANCE STUDIES IN MALAYSIA: A
CHALLENGE FOR GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY AND THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY Dr Shahida
Shahimi, and Suhaili Alma’amun
The changing landscape of Islamic financial services has been
very influential not only in Malaysia but also at the international level. To
facilitate this industry’s participation in the fast changing environment, it
needs to upgrade and equip itself completely so as to build a sound fundamental
and solid frontier to face the global challenges. Apart from the rapid change in
technology, this industry needs a robust human and intellectual capital supply
to produce flexible and agile workforce with relevant knowledge and skill.
Consequently, the formation of a significant pool of diverse talent is essential
for the upcoming growth of this industry. However, one of the greatest
challenges of the industry is to provide student with high-quality knowledge,
education and training for professional careers in Islamic finance. It is known
that the required skill set in Islamic finance is exceptional since it requires
both knowledge in finance and shariah in order to be competitive and innovative.
Thus, a trained, skilled and well educated workforce is critical in enhancing
work performance and able to make this industry grow and mature. This study is
carried out in order to examine to what extend does Malaysian educational system
especially the Higher Learning Institutions are capable of nourishing the
industry with quality human capital to narrow down the industry and academia
gap.
Dr Shahida Shahimi and Suhaili Alma’amun are Lecturers at
School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
A SUSTAINABLE MODEL OF STOCK MARKET IN ISLAM Associate
Professor Dr Hussin Salamon, and Dr Abd Jalil Borhan
The contribution of speculative activity during financial
crisis is testified. The crash of the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929
which led to the World Great Depression is caused by excessiveness of
speculative activities. In a recent research , it concludes that speculative
transactions in the stock market do not conform with the teachings of Islam. In
this paper the present writers shall discuss and formulate an alternative model
of stock market in Islam which is more stable during a crisis especially as far
as the problem of speculation is concerned. The framework of the
alternative/sustainable model is not totally detached from the existing stock
market. It shall retain the fundamental functions of a stock market and other
permissible transactions practiced. However any speculative business instruments
in its nature which does not contribute to the ‘real’ economic development of a
country shall be eliminated from this alternative model in order to make it more
presentable in Islam. Reasons and advantages behind this alteration of the
functions will also be presented. In this research we shall analyze that the
main problem of the existing system is on the presence of speculators, while the
alternative model focuses on reducing the presence of market manipulators and
from all kinds of business transactions that are speculative in nature. Hence,
the alternative model of a stock market is more concerned on the market
sustainability rather than the activeness of the market. However the activeness
of the alternative model could also be achieved and it would be a genuine active
market and not tempered by speculative activity.
Dr Hussin Salamon is an Associate Professor and Deputy
Director of Centre for Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF TAKAFUL BUSINESS MODELS IN MALAYSIA:
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS A UNIFORM MODEL Kamaruzaman Noordin
Malaysia has pioneered the establishment of commercial takaful
(tijari) companies since 1984 as opposed to the mutual or pure co-operative form
of takaful (ta`awuni) introduced by Sudan originally in 1979. Up until this
point, the majority of takaful companies worldwide have chosen to run their
operation using a tijari model rather than a mutual or pure co-operative type.
This preference might be due to the difficulties and problems associated with
running the mutual type as well as the promise of financial gains in operating
the commercial model. Perhaps mutuality in contemporary Islamic insurance
industry is merely superficial by its name (takaful) but not in essence.
However, there are different business approaches or models to realizing this
vision, of which at least three are implemented by takaful operators worldwide,
namely: profit-sharing (mudarabah), agency model (wakalah) and hybrid model. In
the field of Malaysian Islamic insurance, modified versions of mudarabah and
wakalah models are implemented although the latter model seems to be favored by
most takaful operators. It argues that since there are different models and
principles adopted within the takaful operation (resulting from its
‘commercialization’), this variation in itself gives rise to many Shari`ah
issues and disagreement among scholars now noted. This preliminary study
therefore sets out to highlight these issues for further research.
Kamaruzaman Noordin is a Lecturer at the Department of
Shari‘ah and Management, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, and
concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology and Religious
Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
MALAYSIAN PRACTICE OF AR-RAHNU SCHEME: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT
Azila Abdul Razak, and Wan Yusrol Rizal Wan Yusof
The emergence of conventional pawnbroking operating side by
side with the Islamic pawnbroking (dual system) provides an option to the
customers to choose the best pawnbroking service based on the features offered.
As for Muslim, this scenario will provide them to opt out monetary transactions
which involved riba and gharar. In the case of Islamic pawnbroking, the
transaction is free from any interest (riba) and the uncertainty (gharar) that
occurred in the conventional pawnbroking system such as low value of total
financing, the auction of customers goods without informing the owner and the
balance of money are not refunded do not occurred. Malaysia ran the first
Islamic pawnbroking (ar-rahn) in the world operating parallel with the
conventional pawnshop within its dual financial system. At the end of year 2004,
Malaysia had 242 licensed pawnshops regulated under Ministry of Housing and
Local Government. The purpose of the study is to investigate the weaknesses of
conventional pawnbroking and the development of Islamic pawnbroking (ar-rahnu)
in Malaysia.
Azila Abdul Razak is a Lecturer at Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, and Wan Yusrol Rizal Wan Yusof is a Lecturer at Universiti
Teknologi MARA
PARTNERSHIP CONTRACTS IN AGRICULTURAL LAND DEVELOPMENT FROM
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: FELCRA BERHAD EXPERIENCES Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai, and
Nor Aini Ali
This research analyzes the cooperation between FELCRA Berhad
as the agricultural land developer with the participants as the owner of land
based on principles of al-muzāra‘ah. These principles are cooperative contract
between the land developer and the owner of land to develop the land. In order
to achieve the objective, the researcher used two main methods that is library
research and field work. Library research was used to get data related to the
principles of fiqh on al-muzāra‘ah. While the field work was carried out based
on two methods that is interviews and questionnaires. Interviews session was
carried out with the FELCRA Berhad, Seberang Perak representatives as the
agricultural land developer. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants
as the owners of the land. Based on two methods, the researcher found that the
activities carried out in the development of agricultural land in Seberang Perak
fulfiled most of the basic principles of al-muzāra‘ah. It is observed that the
terms of contract used, the cooperation, the agreement and the distribution of
yield between the land developer and the land owner are in line with the
principles of al-muzāra‘ah.
Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai is a Lecturer at Islamic
Economics and Finance Research Group, School of Economics, Faculty of Economics
and Business, National University of Malaysia, and Nor Aini Ali is a Lecturer at
the Department of Shari‘ah and Economics, Academy of Islamic Studies, University
of Malaya
GOLD DINAR: AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
Salmy Edawati Yaacob
Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad had rigorously introduced and
promoted the value of gold dinar to the Malaysian on 2000 because of ASEAN's
currency crisis on 1998. Gold dinar is gold coin with a specific weight of gold
equivalent to 4.25 grams, and was used as currency at early Islam. The Syariah
has placed gold in a prominent position in monetary system and considers that it
the best function as a medium of exchange, measure of value and store of wealth.
Other than this, syariah also maintain that the legal currency should be from
gold and silver in order to stabilize the monetary system. Therefore, the
syariah attached many legal injunctions (hukum), to these two precious metals to
illustrate a minimum value of theft, payment of diyah, zakat and overall
transactions. The main idea of this paper is to discuss the unique qualities of
the gold dinar as an asset of value commodity. On top of this, the paper also
studies on the implementations of gold dinar in Malaysia. Conclusion, the gold
dinar is suitable to apply in Malaysia as a saving, payment zakat, dowry (mahr),
investment and as a gift.
Salmy Edawati Yaacob is Lecturer at National Universiti of
Malaysia
DELAYS IN THE PAYMENT AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAT Wan
Marhaini Wan Ahmad
The majority of jurists including the Shafi‘is compel an
immediate payment of zakat by the eligible payers and also in its distribution
to the deserving recipients. The paper attempts to examine this issue according
to the four Sunni main schools of fiqh beginning with the definition of the
immediacy and delay in payment and distribution of zakat, the permitted delays
and the consequences of delay. The paper later on will examine this state of
delay in the system of payment and distribution of zakat in Malaysia and look at
the mechanisms available in ensuring the punctuality of payment by the eligible
owners and distributions to the rightful recipients.
Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad is a Lecturer at University of Malaya
THE ORGAN SHORTAGE PROBLEM IN MALAYSIA Farah Salwani Ismail
Human organs are the most valuable gifts of life. An organ
transplantation procedure not only enables one to have a better life, but it has
also proven to help save thousands of precious lives. Though the demand for
these organs is always soaring high, supply in contrast is always very limited
causing the organ shortage problem a terrifying dilemma faced worldwide. A lot
of effort has been taken to topple down the number of patients waiting for
organs in the waiting list, but the problem remains unsolved. As a result, many
patients die while waiting for a suitable organ to be available. Malaysia also
faces the same problem of organ shortage. Despite campaigns and initiatives
introduced by those in authority, the problem still remains. Thus, this paper
will discuss the current scenario of the organ shortage problem faced in
Malaysia, factors causing it, and various solutions adopted by different
countries worldwide to combat this problem. This will include the “opting in”
system, “opting out” system, organ trading, “required request” system and organ
conscription. Specific focus will also be made on the Islamic perspective of
this issue from the past until present time.
Farah Salwani Ismail is a PhD candidate at the School of Law,
University of Southampton
EXCHANGE OF NATURAL RESOURCES MENTIONED IN SURAH AL-NAHL: A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AL-HANAFI AND AL-SHAFI‘I SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS Zainab Moin,
and Asia Nameet
This comparative study was conducted to analyze the economic
teachings such as acquisition, production, consumption, and exchange of natural
resources mentioned in Quran and in the opinions of both schools of thoughts,
for instance, Al-Hanafi and Al-Shafi. The descriptive research method and
primary and secondary sources have been used to highlight the basic concepts of
Islamic economic system in the light of both schools. It has been concluded that
according to Hanafi, there is Zakah on remarkable quantity of wealth, ornaments,
and animals while Shafi opposed and stated that the Zakah has not been permitted
upon female livestock animals. Ijarah (hiring of anything) has been permitted in
both school of thoughts. In Islam, no interest has been allowed and each
agreement must be written and distributed among the correspondent authorities.
According to Hanafi School, exchange of meat has not been allowed because it has
all kinds of different commodities whereas Shafi has two opinions: one is like
Hanafi School and second is that although it all belongs to one species and also
permits to eat the horse meat. Both schools have been differentiated in eating
or exchanging of horses’ meat and provided remarkable justification of not using
horses’ meat as food. Some vital economical issues have been discussed in the
present study; the detailed issues would be discussed in future.
Zainab Moin is a Lecturer at Department Islamic Studies and
Public Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
THE EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES IN THE PERIOD OF THE PROPHET
MUHAMMAD (PBUH): ITS IDEAL AND REALITY FOR IMPROVING THE MALAYSIAN EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Dr Adnan Abd Rashid
Man inherently possesses good qualities, which has the
potential to be educated through spiritual development, namely iman. Iman has
good moral consequences in the life of man and society. When iman is fixed in
the heart of man, he will surrender himself to the commandments of Allah. This
is an important principle and a feature of education in Islam which has the aim
of securing the advancement and happiness of man’s life in this world and the
Hereafter. Education in Islam is different from other types of education since
it starts with the spiritual aspect which forms the link with belief in Allah.
Then, all other aspects of man’s life and his personality come under its
control. However, the education system in the Islamic world particularly in
Malaysia since last fifty years has imitated secular education. How far secular
education system has been able to harmonise with Islam because it’s principles,
ideologies and philosophies are almost different from the Islamic one. However
we are not denying that the secular system of education has enabled Western
civilisation to achieve great successes in the field of knowledge, science and
technology, intellectual development and has even enabled it to discover the
secrets of nature. Nevertheless from the Islamic point of view, education is
considered as not only great achievement in the various fields of knowledge and
material advancement, but also as complementary spiritual aspects. Therefore,
Western education needs to be reconciled with the Islamic view, and a
unification of secular and religious knowledge is essential. This concept paper
attempts to discuss the efforts to reconcile Islam and to combine the truth of
Islam with Western sciences and skills in order to create a peak of powerful
Muslim civilisation once more. The efforts and ideas as laid down in this paper
are probably the early stages of the solution to the dilemma and reality of
education in the Malaysia particularly to refer the education curriculum
principles in the period of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Dr Adnan Abd Rashid is a Lecturer at Institute of Education,
International Islamic University Malaysia
J-QAF (JAWI, AL-QURAN, ARABIC LANGUAGE AND FARDHU AIN) PROGRAM
IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MALAYSIA Associate Professor Dr Hassan Basri Awang Mat
Dahan, Dr Mohd Azhar Zailaini, and Habibah Mat Rejab
This article discusses the background, aim and concept of the
implementation of j-QAF program (Jawi, al-Quran, Arabic Language and Fardhu Ain
Enhancement) in primary schools. This program is a necessity in strengthening
the subject of Islamic Education. The Ministry of Education of Malaysia (MOEM)
has strategized its implementation through various sources of materials,
modules, facilities, teaching workforce, evaluation and monitoring. In the end
of this article, an analysis of the first two-year achievement; 2005 and 2006 in
all j-QAF subjects is enclosed.
Dr Hassan Basri Awang Mat Dahan is an Associate Professor at
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya
ISLAMIC LIFELONG LEARNING PROGRAMME (ILLP) IN MALAYSIA:
DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PLAN Dr Muhamad Rahimi Osman, Nurhidayah Muhd Hashim, and
Siti Khadijah Abd Manan
Lifelong Learning Programme (LLP) is one of the national
agendas to build a competent Malaysian society. The establishment of Multimedia
University and Open University were the result of the commitment given by the
Malaysian government to promote LLP. However, the emphasis is more on
professional courses which are marketable and commercial such as ICT and
engineering course while other beneficial courses i.e. Islamic studies is
marginalized. This study explores the issue with focuses given to the
implementation of Islamic Lifelong Learning Programme (ILLP) in Malaysia and the
factors that motivate adult learners to take up ILLP. Finding shows that there
is a tendency of the society to learn Islamic papers in a formal way under the
concept of Islamic Lifelong Learning Programme (ILLP). The increased number of
students who enrolled for the programme shows the significant demand of the
public on ILLP. The study recommended ILLP to be promoted locally and
internationally as one of the agendas under the Organisation of Islamic
Countries (OIC). Indeed, ILLP is in line with the policy of our government to
create a hadhari society who are knowledgeable, excellent and committed in
upholding Islamic values.
Dr Muhamad Rahimi Osman is the Director of Centre for Islamic
Thought and Understanding, Universiti Teknologi MARA
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PONDOK AND MADRASAH IN KEDAH, 1909-1941
Farid Mat Zain, and Associate Professor Dr Ibrahim Abu Bakar
Kedah is a state in the Federation of Malaysia formed in 1963.
Between 1909 and 1941 Kedah was under the British rule since the Federated and
Un-federated Malay States in Malaya willingly or unwillingly came under the
British rule. Through Anglo-Siam Treaty 1909, Kedah was placed under the British
rule. This paper examines the development of Muslim religious educational
institutions known as pondok and madrasah in Kedah from the Anglo-Siam Treaty
until the Japanese armies invaded and occupied Malaya in 1941. Under the British
rule, the Islamic religious matters and Malay custom were under the Malay ruler
of Kedah. The British ruled Kedah through the British Resident who advised the
Kedah ruler in the matters related to the state administration, finance and
security. The British educational policies enabled the Malays whose religion had
always been Islam to establish and manage the pondok and madrash in Kedah to
teach and spread Islamic teachings to themselves and their children. The library
research methods are used for this paper. It assumes that the development of
pondok and madrasah in Kedah in those years was a response to the British rule.
Farid Mat Zain is a Senior Lecturer at Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic
Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia
RE-ENGINEERING OF THE ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN
MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS UPON THE RECENT STUDIES Associate Professor Datin Dr
Paizah Ismail, Associate Professor Dr Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim, Mohd Anuar
Ramli, Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, and Mohammaddin Abdul Niri
This work was based on the fieldwork funded by the FRGS’s
University of Malaya entitle: Reformation of the Islamic Higher Educational
System in Malaysia. Basically, this article was constructed to be divided into
several sections, namely; 1) Introduction, 2) The concept of Islam Hadhari and
its connection with the Islamic Higher Educational System In Malaysia, 3) The
background and methodology of the studies, 4) Analysis of the literature review
of the subject matter, 5) Analysis of the findings, and 6) Conclusion.
Datin Dr Paizah Ismail is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Usul and Fiqh, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya
RESTRUCTURING ISLAMIC STUDIES FACULTY OF NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
OF MALAYSIA (UKM) Associate Professor Dr Mohd Nasran Mohamad
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) was established in May
1970 with its three pioneering faculties namely Islamic Studies, Science and
Arts. As a newly founded faculty, its first challenge was to secure the
recognition and accreditation from the public educational and occupational
agencies in Malaysia for its courses, programs and graduates. The purpose of
this paper is to present the status of Islamic Studies at the National
University of Malaysia with special reference to the need of restructuring of
the study after 38 years of the establishment of the faculty. The study also
examines the high potential of marketing and problems to increase the
credibility of the education covering the requirement for admission, the various
programmes offered by each department and the expectation of our state holders.
This study will also focus on the history of the faculty in its plans and
efforts to obtain the local and international recognition and accreditation for
its courses, programs and graduates as well as on the challenges which the
faculty had to sometimes confront from the 1970s until now.
Dr Mohd Nasran Mohamad is an Associate Professor and Deputy
Dean (Academic and International Affairs) of Faculty of Islamic Studies,
National University of Malaysia
INTRODUCING ISLAMICJERUSALEM STUDIES AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
IN MALAYSIA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES Dr Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
The new field of inquiry, Islamicjerusalem Studies has been
introduced in the United Kingdom more than a decade ago. The study has
flourished since then until today. Now, it becomes one of the central subjects
being taught at Al-Maktoum Institute, which is one of the centers within the
University of Aberdeen, Scotland. During early days, this study has gone through
various challenges until it has been fully established by the opening of
Al-Maktoum Institute in the year 2001. This is a significance subject that tries
to approach Islamicjerusalem academically, thus reflect to the need of new and
multi-disciplinary approach within Islamic Studies, especially after the event
of September 11. There is now a need to introduce this study in Malaysia,
particularly to relate on how Islamicjerusalem deal with the issues of
multiculturalism and conflict resolution. Hence, this paper attempts to examine
prospects and challenges in introducing this study away from its birthplace to
the other part of the world, which is Malaysia.
Dr Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor is a Lecturer at the Department of
Islamic History and Civilisation, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of
Malaya
SHARIAH STUDIES IN TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND MODERN
INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARISON Associate Professor Dr
Abdul Karim Ali, Dr Luqman Abdullah, and Muhammad Safiri Ismail
Islamic education in Malaysia has experienced of two types of
education, traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approach is meant by
traditional system such as pondoks and madrasahs. While modern approach is what
has been applied in public schools (primary and secondary) and higher institute
of Islamic studies such as universities, colleges and institutes. In both
approaches and systems, they have common things such as teachers / instructors,
students (disciples), texts (reference and text books), buildings, methods of
teaching, assessments and others. Both approaches have their strengths and
weakness. Therefore, this paper will in general analyze and identify their
strengths and weakness in order to propose some suggestions to improve modern
approach of shariah studies in Malaysia. In this context, Pondok Lubuk Tapah in
Kelantan present traditional system and Academy of Islamic Studies, University
of Malaya presents modern approach.
Dr Abdul Karim Ali is an Associate Professor at the Department
of Usul and Fiqh, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya
THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF USUL AL-FIQH IN PUBLIC
UNIVERSITIES (IPTA) IN MALAYSIA: REALITY AND CHALLENGES Associate Professor Dr
Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman, Associate Professor Dr Abdul Karim Ali, Associate
Professor Dr Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim, Dr Rushdi Ramli, Dr Ridzwan Ahmad,
Muhammad Safiri Ismail, Khadijah Hashim, and Salehuddin Mad Yusof
The teaching and learning of Islam is usually divided into two
major disciplines: shariah and ūsūl al-din. While shariah itself concerns with
two sub disciplines namely ūsūl al-fiqh and fiqh. As far as ūsūl al-fiqh is
concerned, it is considered as a very importance tool in order to derive such a
Islamic legal ruling (hukm). Therefore, the outcome of studying ūsūl al-fiqh
among others is to produce shariah students who master the tools (know-what) and
have the capability (know-how) to derive Islamic rules through its primary and
secondary legal sources as well as its methods. With regard to public
universities in Malaysia, the subjects of ūsūl al-fiqh are taught to shariah
students. It covers Islamic legal resources (Quran, sunnah, consensus, analogy,
public interest, juristic preference, custom, etc), interpretation of legal
texts, methodology of Muslim Jurists, conflict and preference (ta’arud &
tarjih), legal maxims and others. However, some scholars are skeptical about the
ability (know-how) of the graduates to practice the tools of ūsūl al-fiqh.
Therefore, this article attempts to portray the current scenario of studying
ūsūl al-fiqh in Malaysia particularly in UM, UKM, USIM and UIAM and as well as
to identify its challenges and prospect with regards to the teaching and
learning of ūsūl al-fiqh in Malaysia.
Dr Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Usul and Fiqh, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya
THE MAQASIDIC APPROACH OF FIQH (ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE) STUDIES
AND ITS APPLICATION IN MALAYSIAN INSTITUTES OF HIGHER LEARNING Mohamed Fairooz
Abdul Khir
This study is an attempt to construct a new approach of Fiqh
Studies to actualize the Maqasid al-Syar‘iyyah that lies in the study of Islamic
Jurisprudence. This is in line with the concept of Islam Hadhari which gives a
strong emphasis on the aspect of Islamic knowledge. This study also aims to
identify the major problems encountered by the students of Fiqh such as
inability to interact with the classical or traditional juristic texts. As
Islamic Jurisprudence reflects the flexibility of Islam in all walks of life and
plays a vital role in presenting the beauty of Islam, Fiqh students should
master all the branches of Fiqh knowledge to solve any arising juristic problem.
Therefore, this study also suggests the effective ways to overcome the problems
related to the study of Fiqh with special emphasis on the approach of Fiqh study
in the institute of higher learning with the hope that the suggested ways will
be able produce the high quality juristic scholars to serve the ummah.
Mohamed Fairooz Abdul Khir is a Lecturer at the Centre for
Foundation Studies, International Islamic University Malaysia
AXIOLOGICAL APPROACH TOWARDS ISLAMIC ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS M
Zuhdi Marsuki
The recent environmental issues have attracted so many figures
from various disciplines to contribute, which inevitably will cause variety
perspectives. On the Islamic side, contemporary Muslim scholars strive to
propose Islamic perspective especially hukm for every single issue of science
and technology including environmental issue. Nowadays, studying issues of
science and technology will definitely involve Ethical perspective. Therefore
Ethics become one of the most common discipline viewed by scholars when they
discuss environmental issues. Because of the important of Ethics in modern
academia, this paper will discuss the role of Ethics especially Axiology in
contemporary Fiqh, which actually suggest a new approach of studying Fiqh. Based
on these perspectives the paper then propose, in order to make Islamic
Environmental Ethics practicable, the integration of contemporary philosophical
ideas and principles of Islamic law is very much important.
M Zuhdi Marsuki is a Lecturer at Department of Science and
Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, and concurrently a
doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology and Religious Studies,
University of Wales, Lampeter
THE ARABIC VERB SYSTEM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ARABIC LANGUAGE
TEXTBOOK OF MALAYSIA SECONDARY SCHOOL Abdul Halim Mohd Naam
Studies of the Arabic Verb system have always been at the
forefront of any major gramatical endeavor since the earliest and most seminal
authority on the grammar of Classical Arabic, Alkitāb “The Book” by Persian
Grammarian Sibawaiyhi in the eight century. However these investigation have
been tainted with a major methodological flaw, represented in the full relience
of decontextualized samples of language. In other word, the overwhelming
majority of investigations of the Arabic Verb System for the past 13 centuries
continued to analyse verbal forms and their corresponding meanings on the basis
of isolated samples represented in a very limited inventory of examples. This
study will analyze the inventory of Arabic verbs in the two Arabic Language
Textbooks for Malaysia Upper Secondary School of the form 4 and form 5. As such,
not only examine the lexical entries of the verbs and their form, but also the
collocated lexemes to their context of use. The factors such underlying policies
on writing the text book which effect the selection of the lexical entries will
be examined in this study. This is the first attempt to investigate the lexical
entries in the Arabic Language Textbook Malaysia in order to work toward a
theoretical framework in corporating the Lexical Approach in teaching foreign
language.
Abdul Halim Mohd Naam is an Assistant Director at Curriculum
Section, Department of Islamic and Moral Education, Ministry of Education,
Malaysia, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology
and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
THEORIES OF THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN HISTORY IN TWO MALAYSIAN
HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND INCULCATION OF HOLISTIC AND BALANCED VALUES IN HISTORY
CURRICULUM VIS-À-VIS THE NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY Zuraini Nordin
The National Education Philosophy of Malaysia aspires to
produce balanced and excellent individuals, intellectually, physically and
spiritually. Thus, the curriculum has laid down values to meet this aspiration.
This study examines the effectiveness of some of these values vis-à-vis the
history curriculum. This study analyzes two Malaysian secondary school history
textbooks of Form 1 and 4. In order to examine whether or not History Education
lives up to the aspiration of The National Education Philosophy, this study
specifically analyzes the topic of the beginning of human history as illustrated
in the two textbooks. The study finds that these two textbooks have relied
heavily on the evolution theory to explain the topic of the beginning of human
history which contradicts not only the religious view, but also the aspiration
of the National Education Philosophy. This study further highlights the
contradictions found in the textbooks and discusses how History Education could
play its role in meeting the aspiration of the National Education Philosophy.
This study suggests a balanced way, to incorporate both spiritual values and
scientific views.
Zuraini Nordin is a Lecturer at the International Islamic
University Malaysia
IMPROVING THE CONTENT QUALITY OF ISLAM-RELATED PRINTED
MATERIALS: ITS FUTURE IN MALAYSIA Anzaruddin Ahmad
Dissatisfaction with the content quality of Islam-related
materials is the primary reason as to why this paper is written. The author
finds that in the Malaysian market there are wide varieties of printed materials
that do not meet the Islamic standards. As a result, the printed materials fail
to serve readers that is to channel the true message of Islam. Since content
quality especially in the publication of Islam-related materials is an important
attribute that must be present, one of the greatest challenges confronting media
professionals in Malaysia is to ensure that the content of their publications is
up-to-date and accurate. In order to achieve both of these prerequisites, they
need to put much effort into improving the quality of the published content by
putting up with Islamic requirements. In terms of writing and reviewing, having
a bunch of responsible and committed media professionals is a minimal
precondition for a publishing company to deliver high quality content. However,
publishing companies might also consider employing professional writers to
produce or edit materials, and working in close collaboration with scholars of
Islamic studies who are experts in the subject matter. The author’s suggestion
is for the media professionals at all levels to implement a range of activities
in order to improve content quality. These may involve establishing writing
guidelines and policies, promoting the importance of ‘Islamically’ valid
content, implementing standard Islamic templates, requiring compliance to these
Islamic standards, and establishing Islamic review and proofreading by qualified
Muslim scholars.
Anzaruddin Ahmad is a Lecturer at the Department of Arabic
Language and Linguistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia
THE NEW FIELD OF INQUIRY OF ISLAMICJERUSALEM STUDIES: A
MALAYSIA EXPERIENCE Ashinida Aladdin
Islamicjerusalem Studies is considered new since its
establishment in 1996. One of the main purposes of the developing this new field
of inquiry is due to the lack of academic researches on such studies especially
from Islamic point of view, compared to the researches made by the orientalists
which focused mostly either on the Jewish or the Christian approaches and
perspectives. As far as we concern, the orientalists tend to underestimate and
minimize as possible as they could, the significance of Islamicjerusalem to
Islam and Muslim and it had suffered distortion, falsification and alteration.
This new field has gained many achievements for the past few years. Being a
unique region, Islamicjerusalem is rich in its history, significantly is an
important place where it has become crucial to the identity of all three
religions of Abraham; Christianity, Judaism and Islam. This new field of inquiry
also gives the opportunity to researchers from various background of
specialization to explore any part of its area with inter and multi disciplinary
approaches. Thus, this paper aims to examine the development of Islamicjerusalem
Studies with a special reference to Malaysian scholars and what are the
challenges facing by this new field of inquiry.
Ashinida Aladdin is a Lecturer at School of Language and
Linguistics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
THE POSITION OF ISLAMICJERUSALEM IN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HĀRŪN AL-RASHĪD AND CHARLEMAGNE Dr
Aminurraasyid Yatiban
The researcher attempts to investigate the relationship
between the Muslim Caliph, Harun al-Rashīd (170-193 AH/ 786-809 CE) and the
Western Emperor, Charlemagne (151-198 AH/ 768-814 CE), as an example of the
Muslim approach to international relations, particularly with regard to
diplomatic relations. It would seem significant to examine the relationship
between Hārūn al-Rashīd and Charlemagne since this could be linked to
Islamicjerusalem, particularly with regard to the manifestation of its vision
and status. While Muslim sources do not mention this relationship at all,
western sources have given much attention to the issue. Therefore, the
researcher attempts to examine the reliability of the western accounts, followed
by a discussion on the relationship's contribution to the implementation of the
Muslim concept of sovereignty. Meticulous focus will be underpinned to its
significance to Islamicjerusalem. The researcher will investigate historical
accounts and archaeological evidence to come to a conclusion regarding this
discussion. In addition, the researcher will also examine why classical Muslim
historical sources kept silent on this issue.
Dr Aminurraasyid Yatiban is from Al-Maktoum Institute for
Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Aberdeen
SOVEREIGNTY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES IN ISLAMICJERUSALEM
FROM EARLY MUSLIM CONQUEST UNTIL THE END OF UMAYYAD PERIOD (637-750 CE)
Fatimatuzzahra Abd Rahman
Fred McGraw Donner argues that the Muslim conquests, which
include the Muslim conquest of Islamicjerusalem, had a profound change on the
near East and on the general course of world history. Therefore, the researcher
attempts to examine the changes happened in Islamicjerusalem from 637 CE to 750
CE, which relates to political affairs. It will contain discussions about
sovereignty, administration and political significance of Islamic Jerusalem. A
discussion about sovereignty is significant in analyzing the political changes
in Islamicjerusalem. The researcher has found that Aminurraasyid Yatiban has
come with a study focusing on the implementation of the Muslim concept of
sovereignty in Islamicjerusalem during the first Islamic conques. Yatiban argues
that the Islamic concept of sovereignty consists of two main divisions;
sovereignty over the people and sovereignty over the land. Accordingly, the
researcher attempts to analyze the changes happened according to the theoretical
framework of Islamic concept of sovereignty as already developed. On the other
subject, Marwan Abū Khalāf argues that Islamicjerusalem has political as well as
religious significance to Muslims. In contrast, Donner in his argument relating
to the point of cUmar’s visit to Syria and his arrival in Aelia
(Islamicjerusalem) claims that, “In any case, it is hardly surprising that he
(cUmar) should have shown an interest in [Islamic]Jerusalem.” Thus, the
researcher attempts to analyse both argument with regard to the changes in
administration and the significance of Islamicjerusalem politically.
Fatimatuzzahra Abd Rahman is an Academic Fellow at Universiti
Sains Malaysia
AKHLAQ PEDAGOGY IN THE INSTITUTE OF HIGHER LEARNING IN
MALAYSIA: A CRITICAL STUDY Mohd Faizal Abdul Khir
The study is an attempt to observe the aspect of akhlaq in the
institute of higher learning’s pedagogy in Malaysia. The importance of the study
is because it deals with one of the three major component in Islam; creed,
syaria and akhlaq. Hopefully this short study will give a general look to see
how serious the highest educational system dealing with the akhlaq aspect. This
paper will begin with a simple introduction to define some major terms related
to this topic. Futher more this paper will expose datas concerning the teaching
of akhlaq in the institute of higher learning including the curriculums,
approaches, texts, teachers and others. Afterwards following by a sub topic to
analyze the data. In the conclusion, there will be some proposals, suggestions
and general reserves to enhance the pedagogy concerning akhlaq in the institute
of higher learning as it is the maqsad in the religion of Islam.
Mohd Faizal Abdul Khir is a Lecturer at Faculty of Usuluddin,
Kolej Islam Darul Ridzuan
TEACHING DA’WAH AS ISLAMIC STUDIES (TEDS) IN HIGHER LEARNING
INSTITUTIONS: MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE Associate Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Don
Islamic studies has a special significant in Malaysia. The
teaching of this particular subject has started quite a long time before
independence. The coming of Islam to Malaysia has influenced the teaching of
Islamic studies much. Various subjects pertaining to Islamic studies has been
taught among the Muslims community in Malaysia like tawhid, fiqh, tasawwuf,
akhlak, falak and etc. However, the teaching of da’wah as a subject is quite
new. At school level, da’wah as a subject not included in the Islamic studies
curriculum. At higher learning institutions, da’wah has been taught as a
specific subject at National University, Malaya University and International
Islamic University, Science University of Islam Malaysia (USIM), and several
others. This article, is therefore try to explore the teaching of da’wah as
Islamic Studies in Malaysian Higher Learning institutions. For this purpose,
exploratory method is used through written documents related to the subject.
This study revealed that teaching da’wah as an Islamic Studies is a need and
vital for the development of da’wah in Malaysia.
Dr Abdul Ghafar Don is an Associate Professor at the
Department of Da’wah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies,
National University of Malaysia
THE DIRECTION OF DA’WAH ORANG ASLI (ABORIGINAL PEOPLE) IN
MALAYSIA: FOCUS ON GOVERNMENTAL DA’WAH ORGANIZATION Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd
Yunus, and Associate Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Hj. Don
Da’wah efforts among Orang Asli in Malaysia has been done by
various organizations particularly by government agencies. Examples to these are
Dakwah Division of JAKIM (Department of Islamic Advancement Malaysia), State’s
Religious Councils, State’s Religious Departments and Jabatan Hal-Ehwal Orang
Asli (Department of Orang Asli Affairs). Those agencies have their own
directions,objectives and planning which signifies the different directions in
relation to da’wah among Orang Asli’s community. The question arise here is,
where actually their directions? Were they agreed to only one direction or each
of these organizations have their special directions ang planning? What is the
priority of those organizations and what is the top priority given by the
aforesaid organizations pertaining to their directions of da’wah among Orang
asli? This paper, is therefore, try to explore the real situation concerning
this particular issue.
Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus is a Lecturer at the Department
of Dakwah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ULAMA AND GOVERNMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ILMU FALAK SYARIE IN MALAYSIA: A SURVEY Ibnor Azli Ibrahim, and Syed
Kamarulzaman Syed Kabeer
Since the independence of Malaysia in 1957, Ilmu Falak Syarie
(Islamic Astronomical Science), has started to be regarded as an important
branch of science in fiqh application for the determination of times and
boundaries of ibadah. It is interesting to research on the development of this
knowledge, in Malaysia, to date, This is because it is the only branch of the
knowledge of fiqh that is involved totally with the science of astronomy. The
growth and development of education and learning, in Malaysia, has been further
strengthened by the support of the government and the ability of the ulamas
mastery of the knowledge. This goes to prove the acceptance of Islam of
scientific knowledge in the arena of shariah that is so well organised as to be
acceptable to Man's nature and the aqidah of Islam. This paper shall survey the
latest development of Ilmu Falak Sayrie in Malaysia and how much the
contributions of ulama and the clear support of the government are the main
factors for it's continuity in Malaysia and the Malay world generally.
Ibnor Azli Ibrahim is a Lecturer at the Department of Shariah,
Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
RELIGIOUS RIGHTS IN MALAYSIA UNDER EUROPE COLONIAL POWER (1511
– 1941): AN OVERVIEW Mohd Zaidi Abdul Rahman
This paper will outline the religious rights position under
European colonial powers, but will exclude the Japanese, since its period was
the shortest (1941- 1944), and their concern was more with stability and safety
up until the time when the British took over once more. Four of these foreign
powers (including the Japanese) conquered the Malay Peninsula in turn, starting
from 1511 through to 1957. These conquerors at once changed the political system
as well as religious rights policy amongst religious adherents.
Mohd Zaidi Abdul Rahman is a Senior Lecturer at the Department
of Siasah Syar‘iyyah, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, and
concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology and Religious
Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
PUNISHMENT FOR APOSTASY AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN ISLAM: THE
MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE Dr Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil
One of the most difficult tasks of discussion in the area of
Islamic criminal law is apostasy. While Islam guarantees the right to freedom of
religion, majority of the Muslim jurists suggest that apostasy is a serious
offence and punishable by death penalty. They argue that apostasy is categorised
under the had offence as it is within the stipulated punishment prescribed by
Allah (hudud Allah). In the context of human rights, the right to profess and
practise a religion is solely lies upon individual. No body is forced to adhere
to any particular religion as faith is subject to individual. The main problem
concerning the issue is that, in Islam, the notion of freedom of religion is
enshrined in verse 256 of Sura al-Baqara: “let there be no compulsion in
religion”. There is no single verse mentioning about worldly punishment for
apostasy in the Quran. The majority of the Muslim jurists rely solely on several
Hadiths that punish apostates. Article 11 (1) of the Federal Constitution
guarantees individual right to profess and practise his religion with limitation
under clause (4) and (5). There is no single word of apostasy in the Federal
Constitution. In other words, provision in Article 11 (1) applies to everybody,
Muslim and non-Muslim alike. For non –Muslim, conversion from Buddhism to
Christianity has no legal implication. However, conversion from Islam leads to
legal quandary. As the Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the
Federation, any provision contrary to the Constitution is regarded as null and
void. Until now, majority of the Muslim scholars in Malaysia regard apostasy as
a mean to devastate the religion of Islam. As Islamic law’s jurisdiction is very
limited, Muslims who are convicted as apostate in the Shari’a Court are subject
to punishment up to 3 years imprisonment, fine up to RM5,000.00, 6 strokes of
the cane, or any combination of such punishments. This paper attempts to discuss
the notion of apostasy and freedom of religion from the Muslim jurists’ point of
views. It also attempts to search for the most suitable approach by taking into
consideration of the limitation of Islamic law and the supremacy of the Federal
Constitution in Malaysia.
Dr Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil is a Lecturer at the Centre for
Islamic Thought and Understanding, Universiti Teknologi MARA
DISPUTES UPON CONVERSION OF ONE SPOUSE TO ISLAM: ISSUES ON THE
RIGHT OF CUSTODY IN MALAYSIA Rafeah Saidon
Since Malaysia is a plural society, conversion from one faith
to another may happen. In the case of husband and wife, issues on legal
implications will arise when one’s partner in a marriage converts to Islam. This
is because conversion is recognised as a ground to dissolve the marriage by both
Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act of 1976 (family laws for non Muslim) and
Islamic Family Law/Enactment (family laws for Muslim). The question is, if the
divorce is granted, who has the right to custody over the children. Since there
are two different laws and two different courts, i.e. Civil Court and Syariah
Court, conflict in laws and jurisdiction of a court are unavoidable. This
article examines current legal and jurisdictional conflicts in Malaysian
legislation with regards to the right of custody upon conversion of one spouse
to other religion. The issue of “welfare or best interest of a child” will also
be discussed thoroughly. Since welfare of the child remains the dominant
consideration in granting the right of custody, its’ concept will be analysed.
This paper attempts to examine child’s welfare from the Islamic point of view as
well as common law. Other important issue, is the right to decide the religion
of a minor, whether such right is a prerogative right of the custodian. The
paper will analyse different opinions of legal scholars and various important
cases decided by the Malaysian Court.
Rafeah Saidon is a Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Islamic
Thought and Understanding, Universiti Teknologi MARA
LIBERAL MUSLIM CONCEPTION OF “ISLAM” Wan Adli Wan Ramli
Liberal Muslim such as Farid Esack tries to redefine Islam in
a postmodern framework so that it may conform to the pluralist understanding. In
his discussion, he seems to loosely read Rashid Rida discussion on the meaning
of Islam, to support his argument. This paper will analyse Liberal Muslims
reading and compare it with traditional classical understanding of the Qur’an.
It argues that there is some misunderstanding here. It concludes that Qur’anic
reading in its traditional classical interpretation is enough for Muslim without
the necessary of liberal-pluralist framework.
Wan Adli Wan Ramli is an Academic Fellow at the Department of
Islamic Theology and Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya,
and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology and
Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
MUSLIM PLURALIST’S DISCOURSE ON CERTAIN QURANIC VERSES: A
CRITICAL APPRAISAL Dr Noor Amali Mohd Daud
It is natural inclination for every human being to seek legal
justification for their arguments regardless their views are true or false. They
believed that in order to any arguments to be credible, appealing and
self-accepted facts among masses it should therefore be reinforced by legal
basis. This applicable to Muslims pluralist whom their main philosophical
framework are : a- denying any truth claim without exemption, b-rejecting
exclusive notion of one's own group possesses the truth; other religious groups
are in serious error, and, c- affirming the validity of every religion and
salvation in the hereafter is for all. The establish fact is they also claimed
the validity of their arguments by extensively referring to religious text. This
paper attempts to highlight the historical milieu of the emergence of
contemporary South East Asian Muslim Pluralist, their interpretation of certain
Quranic versus. The paper also endevours to provide an Islamic critique on these
misleading interpretations.
Dr Noor Amali Mohd Daud is a Lecturer at the Department of
Usuluddin and Comparative Religion, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and
Human Siences, International Islamic University Malaysia
ISLAMIC THOUGHT ON HUMAN RIGHTS: MALAYSIAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut, Associate Professor Dr Mohd Fauzi Hamat, and
Mashitah Sabdin
Islam has set distinguish fundamental outlines with regards to
human rights issues through various Quranic discussions and assertions on the
principle of human nobility. However, the general perception of human rights is
commonly viewed from the western secular perspective which emphasizes on the
fight for human freedom and equality without having any attachment to religious
concern. Thus, this paper will discuss several main issues of human rights from
Islamic perspective and its forms of challenges faced by Muslims particularly in
Malaysia. In doing so there would be a few basic questions which needed to be
answered: Does man actually have fundamental rights? Does man really enjoy human
rights without being governed by any religion or law? How does Islam perceive
human rights? How does man enjoy human rights while embracing Islam and
worshiping Allah SWT? Would, for example, a man who has managed to free himself
from the clutches of the church be thought of as a man free to enjoy his rights
while being engulfed in secularism and liberalism which are in turn controlled
by desires? The parameters of this paper will only include matters mentioned
above and explain the status of human rights from the global and Islamic point
of views. Uncertainty on human rights issues will be resolved and explained
particularly in the misconception on how Islam oppresses human rights.
Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut is a Senior Lecturer at the Department
of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, and Dr Mohd Fauzi
Hamat is an Associate Professor at the Department of Islamic Theology and
Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya
RELIGIOUS FACTOR, IDENTITY AND TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS: THE
CASE OF AFRO-ARAB RELATIONS Dr Bakary Sambe
When considering Afro-Arab relations, for example, it is
essential to take the Islamic factor into account. Indeed, numerous earlier
studies fail to do so, and focus unsuccessfully on economical, geo-political and
strategic interest factors. The role of the individual, of religious groupings
and the political effectiveness of symbols in forming informal networks is
neglected in the institutional approach towards international relations and
identities constructions. Based on the study of the roles and uses of
brotherhoods and Islamic associations in relations between Senegal and other
Arab world countries, my paper attempts to show the true importance of the
spiritual or religious dimension. It will see how individuals manage to assert
themselves in areas previously reserved for institutions and states. The arrival
of individuals on the scene of international relations causes rivalry with the
State, which, lacking in means, meets with strong competition in the
educational, health and social sectors. The religious parties are prepared to
invest precisely in these sectors, thanks to the Arab partners financial
backing. In order to avoid a parallel diplomacy, the State chooses to implement
a set of strategies based on the sovreignty principle, whereby internal rivals
to powerful international relations and networks are dealt with carefully. This
interactive game which swings between the political use of religious symbols and
negociation of meaning, and which concerns individuals with both conflicting and
complimentary interests is at the heart of this thesis. We also discuss the
pertinence of the religious factor and the role of the individual for the
analysis of international relations, as opposed to inter-state relations.
Dr Bakary Sambe is from Maison de l’Orient et de la
Méditerranée, Lyon University
ISLAM AND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE: STUDY OF MALAYSIA Zainab Moin
The technological advances of twentieth century have resulted
in a truly global society. Now, this global world is characterized with diverse
ethnic, racial and religious backgrounds and the principles of toleration,
particularly in the area of religion, is the only way to tackle diversity. This
principle of equal toleration of religion is so strong, infact, that the worst
name one can be called today is an “intolerant religionist”. Therefore, the
control question to be investigated in this study “Is the Quranic teaching
compatible with tolerance in pluralistic society? A cursory study of Islam in
Malaysia is enough to show that the current worldview on this faith is far
renowned from the truth. Malaysia some need to enter? The descriptive research
method is used. To conduct this study secondary data was collected and classical
sources of Islamic i.e. Quran, Ahadith are used. It is concluded that the
Islamic teachings to “tolerate” another person’s beliefs does not mean that one
accepts them as true or valid; but in being tolerant one respects another’s
right to freely choose what to believe and Malaysia tolerance of other religions
are clear from this perspective. The objective of study is to show the need to
redefine the traditional notions of tolerance is driven by the fact that in
countries like Malaysia, Muslim live in multi religious societies and also by
new demographic realities. More specifically to present the true picture of
Islamic concept of tolerance towards others so that may rationally be convinced
of the message of Islam.
Zainab Moin is a Lecturer at Department Islamic Studies and
Public Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
THE HINDRAF ISSUE: AN ANALYSIS WITHIN THE MALAYSIAN
SOCIO-RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE CONTEXT Ahmad Tarmizi Talib
This paper will analyse a Hindus group called the Hindu Rights
Action Force (HINDRAF). A street rally on November 2007 in Kuala Lumpur is an
alarm bell for multi-religious society like Malaysia. This group organized such
rally to demonstrate their uneasiness to the country regarding what they called
violation of religious freedom. In analysing this case, content analysis method
is been used focusing on news that have been reported over electronic media.
This article first describes the demographic background of the existing Indian
community in Malaysia and their socio-economic state, following the evidence of
what HINDRAF claimed as violation of religious freedom. This interesting social
incident suggested that socio-religious harmony, which has been claimed by
government of Malaysia, might be only on the surface, but not deep under the
water.
Ahmad Tarmizi Talib is a Lecturer at the Department of
Government and Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology
and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
LAW OF INHERITANCE IN SUNNI AND SHIA SCHOOLS: RATIONALE BEHIND
THEM Zainab Moin, and Asia Nameet
The present study is conducted to and analyzes the laws of
inheritance applicable to the two schools which clearly reveals that they are
poles apart. Inheritance laws have striking and fundamental differences in both
schools, Quran being basic source for both schools, still fundamental divergence
and contrast in there. The analytical and descriptive survey is done. For proper
understanding about inheritance in both schools, primary and secondary sources
are used. The conclusion of this study is that the Sunnis take the specific
provision of Holy Quran. The Shia takes these specific provisions of general
principles underlying therein. From specific rules of Quran they deduce
principles of general nature. The Shias reject the principals of agnacy
completely on the basis of saying of Jafar As-Sadiq. Sunni laws claim that law
of inheritance reveals that agnatic heirs are important on the basis of the
ancient tribal structure of society. The Doctrine of share extension and
classification of heirs are also different. Further issues will be discussed in
detail later on.
Zainab Moin is a Lecturer at Department Islamic Studies and
Public Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
THE ISLAMIC LAW OF INHERITANCE: THE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS RECENT
CODIFICATION IN MUSLIM WILLS IN MALAYSIA Dr Jasni Sulong
The Islamic law of inheritance in Malaysia was accepted since
the religion was adhering by the communities. But in the matter of
implementations, the religion law was not the only matter to be considered,
there is also the local custom which known as ‘adat’. Thus, the personal law of
the Malays was a combination of Islamic law and ‘adat’ which the latter always
come into force. The mixture of the law was inserted in many of the Malay
digests such as the Ninety-Nine Law of Perak. It is vital to say that the law
relating to property is more conservative than the law relating to persons. The
fact that we must accepted Islamic law is actually largely uncodified. Thus, the
coming of colonist in the early of Malaya witnessed some of the promulgation of
the law were contrary to the tenets of Islam. As a result, the Islamic law of
inheritance has gone through many conflicts. After independence, an attempt has
been made to codify Islamic law especially in inheritance matter in a specific
code but was achieved in a very limited aspect which is Islamic will. Thus, the
recent codification which coming into force was the Muslim Wills (Selangor)
Enactment 1999, Muslim Wills (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment of 2004 and the Muslim
Wills (Malacca) Enactment of 2005. This paper attempts to discuss the
development and the recent codification in Muslim Wills based on these three
enactments. It also attempts to analyze the form of renewal and the most
suitable approach that was taken in these codifications.
Dr Jasni Sulong is a Lecturer in Islamic Studies at Universiti
Sains Malaysia
THE PROSECUTION OF SYARIAH CRIMINAL CASES AT THE RELIGIOUS
STATE DEPARTMENT OF MALAYSIA Dr Amir Husin Mohd Nor, Dr Zaini Nasohah, and Dr
Zuliza Mohd Kusrin
Syariah Court of various states in Malaysia are provided the
civil and criminal jurisdictions by the Federal Constitution , Federal Act and
state’s religious enactment. The provision on the syariah criminal cases is also
provided by the Syariah Criminal Enactment for each invidual states. For cases
categorises as criminal, the initial stage of action is in fact, under the
jurisdiction of the Enforcement and Prosecution Divisions of Religious
Department. Before any prosecution proceeded, there must be an investigation on
the cases to be brought to court. However, there is a trend in the syariah
criminal cases whereby the prosecution “tend” to prosecute certain cases and
left aside other cases provided in the Syariah Criminal Enactment. Thus, this
paper will highlighting the statistic of the prosecution cases from the year
2005 till 2007 of the state of Kedah and Negeri Sembilan in order to proof
whether the allegation made against the Religious Department is valid and
substantial.
Dr Amir Husin Mohd Nor is a Lecturer at the Department of
Shari‘ah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia
THE ENFORCEMENT OF KHALWAT (CLOSE PROXIMITY) LAW IN MALAYSIA
Nushi Mahfodz
In Islam, breach of morality in the form of ma’siah or sins
may be penalised though the punishment is not prescribed directly by the Quran
or Sunnah. In this respect, the state is bestowed with a power to criminalise
actions or inactions contrary to the integral parts of fundamental of the
religion by creating ta’zir offences. In the current setting, the application of
this can be seen in Malaysian legal context. The implementation of khalwat laws
in Malaysia is an example. The administration of Islamic law in Malaysia is
state-based. Each state has the individual state laws concerning Islam and the
Muslims. The jurisdiction is vested by the State List of Federal Constitution,
to be administered and enforced by the State’s authority and to be tried and
heard in shariah courts. As far as Muslims are concerned, it is understood that
there is integration between religion and morality in Islam and such
relationship justifies the sets of rules embodied in Islamic law for the
protection of the moral values. However, enforcing such law is never easy and is
not free from criticism. Most of the contention is not about the law itself, but
arguably more on the issue of enforcement. In general, the enforcement of this
offence sometimes resulting harsh criticism and finger-pointing and at the same
time many claim that it is part of their personal choice, freedom and rights.
Censure surrounds unethical approaches, lack of training and also poor human
resources can also be heard now and then publicly. On the other hand,
enforcement officers and agencies emphasize that the law was passed by the
Parliament and the State Assembly Council allows them to enforce the law. It is
proposed that this paper will be conducted by first reviewing the essence of
khalwat itself and its application in Islamic legal history as well as Malaysian
legal history. Subsequently, the implementation of khalwat law in Malaysia will
be the main discussion. Therefore, the legislation of khalwat laws and related
institutions which enforce it in Malaysia will be examined to investigate
whether there is any loophole to be improved as well as its development since it
was first introduced.
Nushi Mahfodz is a Lecturer at the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of
Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia
DIVORCE AMONGST MUSLIMS IN MALAYSIA Kharuddin Mohd Amin, and
Ahamad Asmadi Sakat
This paper explores the rate of divorce and it causes amongst
Muslims in contemporary Muslim society in Malaysia. Malaysia has a quite high
percentage of divorce. The average of divorce cases based on statistics reaches
to twenty percent per year. Moreover, the majority of the divorce cases happen
to be amongst the Muslims. This alarms the Muslim scholars and the political
leaders in the society to find out the causes of the high rate of divorce as
well as establishing the best practiced remedies to those causes so as to save
the society from a great collapse in its social structure. Many aspects are
known as the causes of divorce such as irresponsible behaviour and have a total
lack of respect and understanding that a marriage is a contract between two
parties with specific rights. The financial implications of divorce and
separation are probably the most serious aspect of divorce. Often the party who
is caring for the children will either not be working or will have to seriously
consider their options if they are in work. This will directly impact on what
their needs and long term goals are for the future. Furthermore, good solutions
must be taken to avoid broken families occur in the society.
Kharuddin Mohd Amin is a Lecturer at the Department of
al-Qur’an and al-Hadith Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of
Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SYSTEM ON MALAYSIAN ECONOMY
Mohammad Firdaus Mohammad Hatta, Muhammad Aliyu, Nakoo Mustan, Hassan Ma
Wenjing, and Ismail
Mohammad Firdaus Mohammad Hatta is an Academic Fellow at
Universiti Teknologi MARA, and concurrently a doctorate candidate at the
Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
WOMEN AND GENDER RELATION IN TRADITIONAL ERA BASED ON MALAY
HISTORIOGRAPHY TEXTS Rahimah Hamdan, and Dr Shaiful Bahri Md Radzi
Women in traditional Malay societies often portrayed as “the
second class citizen”. They have been labelled as “the weakest” in all their
doings including mentally, physically and spiritually. This typical image of
traditional Malay women is getting stronger with the support of culture and
milieu of society which is a male dominance. On the other hand, a blast of
tension, segregation and subjugated among traditional Malay women in their
everyday life often rendered in the texts of Traditional Malay Literature.
However, to what extent women being depicted as “a low grade creation” in the
whole of Traditional Malay Literature’s texts? Therefore, this paper intend to
discuss how did Islamic religion assimilated harmonically with the customary law
and belief in traditional Malay society then affected the gender relation in the
community, particularly to women. With a selected readings from the genre of
Malay historiography, this paper will emphasize any “degree of tension” in
gender relation and “the sexual equilibrium” as understand in a traditional
Malay society. Indeed it will determined the possibility and probability of
Malay women in revealing their rights and freedom as men. Finally, this paper
will exemplify the gender relation among traditional Malay society and how did
it effected the women’s personal characteristic as perceive in those selected
readings. Thus, the unique and distinctive of traditional Malay women will be
analyses rationally without a sense of prejudice.
Rahimah Hamdan is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Modern
Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia
CROSSING BOUNDARIES: THE ROLE OF MUSLIM WOMEN AS
TRANSFORMATION AGENT IN THE MALAYSIAN SOCIETY Dr Maznah Hj Ibrahim, Associate
Professor Dr Mohammad Sobri Haron, and Indriaty Ismail
One of the ten main principles in Islam Hadhari is the focus
on women. This working paper will explore and discuss on issues regarding Muslim
women’s role as transformation agent in the Malay society based on selected
cases in Peninsular Malaysia. The Muslim women’s role as the transformation
agent of the society can be traced as early as during the times of Prophet
Muhammad s.a.w. The Quran, the most scared and important source of information
in Islam was first preserved and safe guarded by Hafsah’s (rah) trustworthiness.
Hafsah’s role as the main guardian and safe keeper of the Quran has led the
compilation of the Quran made possible. Hafsah’s role (rah) as the main
preserver of Al Quran brings in strong and significant impact on the Muslim
ummah as a whole. In Andalusia Spain, the translation and the compilation of
thousands books of knowledge in various subject matters such as literature,
science, mathematics, philosophy and others; were made available to the
following generation through the hardworking hands of educated minded Muslim
women in Andalusia. The role of the Andalusian Muslim women as translators and
librarians has contributed to the glorious era of knowledge in Andalusia Spain.
Crossing borders and times during the Malacca sultanate era, Muslim women
entrepreneurs were a common sight along the streets of Malacca pasar malam. They
were part of the transformation agents responsible in promoting the flourishing
economic enjoyed during the Malaccan sultanate. The analysis and discussion of
the Malay Muslim women’s role as transformation agent of the society in
Peninsular Malaysia are based on numerous literature and historical reviews. The
conclusion of this paper will then relate to the approach of Islam Hadhari and
the contribution of women in the society to the development of the society as
one strong unit consistent with the tenets of Islam teachings.
Dr Maznah Hj Ibrahim is a Lecturer at Centre for General
Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia
ISSUE OF FEMININE BY FEMINISM GROUP AND ANTI HADITH Mohd Najib
Abdul Kadir, and Tengku Intan Zarina Tengku Puji
Towards the end of the 20 century there has been a more by
some quarters to interprete the content of the Qur'an by merely rationalising
them as well as spreading certain idea to the muslim community eventhough these
ideas are in contrast with the teaching of Islam. This movement enforce the
implementation of “gender quality” in social life and at the same time refuse
the truth of the Prophet's Hadith and oppose ijtihad of the Islamic Scholars.
The members who are known to be Sisters in Islam and Anti Hadith recognize the
Qur'an as the testament from Allah but however refuse to accept others sources
including the Hadith. This paper tries to identify the form and patterns of
misinterpretations manipulated by this groups in the articles published by the
website especially about woman position in Islam. The issues which had been
propagated by this Femenism Group such as dress code for women, polygamy,
religious duties and their equality with men. A more prolific effort in
sustaining a variety of discipline in the teaching of Islam in the internet
could be an effective way to counter the false ideas from the Feminism movement.
Mohd Najib Abdul Kadir is a Lecturer at Department of Qur’an
and Hadith, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia
THE DEFINITION OF ISLAM AS A POLITICAL RELIGION: THE ISLAMIC
PARTY OF MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN INFORMATION COOMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Raja
Ahmad Iskandar Raja Yaacob, and Aznan Zuhaid Saidin
The question of whether Islam is a religious identity or a
political ideology is debated in the realm of the academic and the political
world. Both academicians and politicians have built their arguments on the
premise of their perceptions and worldviews. Consequently, the debate has
created big differences in understanding and thus factions who follow only one
of these two premises have become inevitable. Fanaticism in following either
premise has brought disunity among Muslims between those who opposed Islam as a
political movement by confining it into a religious identity, while the other
group insists Islam is a religious identity and a political movement. The writer
will attempt to see this question base on the discipline of knowledge in
addition to the writer’s experience as student of political science. The writer
will focus the discussion on three grounds: • The definition of Islam and it’s
implication in to the practice of Islam. • The realities faced by the Muslims
after the fall of the Khilafat Institution in 1924. • Efforts made by the
Islamic movement to uphold the supremacy of Syariah and confronting the
secularist government for abandoning such efforts. The writer will elucidate the
question of Islam based on the factual elements of Islam, and with the
interpretation of the writer’s involvement in the Malaysian political climate.
The main theme of this paper is based on two elaborations to the questions of
what are the definition of Islam and the roles of information communication of
technology in the political scenario in Malaysia.
Raja Ahmad Iskandar Raja Yaacob is a doctorate candidate at
University of Manchester
THE BARGAINING POWER IN NEW PERAK GOVERNMENT Muhaimin Sulam
This paper explores the events leading up to the signing and
establishment new Perak state government; to assess the relative weight of its
majority in the general election; the system of government; protecting equally
both Malay-Muslim and Non-Muslim right and opportunities; and lastly political
leadership in explaining such outcomes of bargaining power. The paper also
examines the interesting fact about why the Perak Assembly members from the DAP
(Democratic Action Party), PKR (Party of People Justice) and PAS (Pan Islamic
Party of Malaysia) came to sign agreement letters to the Sultan of Perak in
support Mohd. Nizar Jamaluddin from the Pasir Panjang State Assembly (and PAS
Perak Secretary) as the Menteri Besar Perak. The argument here is that PAS were
more interested in cementing strategic relations with DAP and PKR than in
coalition with BN-UMNO (National Front- United Malays National Organization).
The paper therefore investigates the strategic determinants of bargaining power
which led to this political victory.
Muhaimin Sulam is a doctorate candidate at the Department of
Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
THE VESTIGES OF EUROPEAN HERALDRY AND ISLAMIC COAT-OF-ARMS IN
MALAYSIAN EVERYDAY LIFE. Noordalela Baharudin
The heraldic culture of European Middle Ages was widely spread
around the world, especially in the lands which were ruled directly or
indirectly by the European colonizers. Malaysia was no exception. The presence
of European heraldry and liveries in Malaya, particularly the British,
Portuguese and Dutch coat-of-arms, confirmed the statement above. However, the
Malaysian native population was always able to re-design the foreign patterns
within its own culture. In my paper, I will try to demonstrate the gradual
process of ‘Malayasation’ and Islamization of the adopted heraldry of
colonizers, its evolution into the modern form of logos and national badges.
Although the concept or usage of heraldry is not similar with what had been
practiced in European countries nowadays, its naturalization profoundly changed
the Malaysian art of identification. Many Malaysians may not realize that most
of logos, badges, emblems around us are imitations or vestiges of the medieval
western European heraldry. For instance, the flags, coat-of-arms of
universities, colleges, schools, political parties, cultural organizations,
banks, companies, factories, military and policy troops, and sports teams.
Noordalela Baharudin is a Lecturer at the Department of
History and Civilization, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human
Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia
ARE SHARI‘AH AND ETHICS TWO INSEPARABLE ELEMENTS OF ISLAMIC
LEGAL THEORY? Abu Dardaa Muhammad
In the last decade the term Shari`ah has become increasingly
familiar in the non-Muslim world. For Muslims the Shari`ah represents the
revealed word of God and the inherent, indisputable rules that have been
divinely laid down for a comprehensive life system. It may be stated that for
many in the western world, Islamic Law is redolent of the negative connotations
of jihad, the subjugation of women, dismissal of homosexual rights, inhumane
punishments such as flogging, amputation and unwillingness of its followers to
integrate with or tolerate those of other faiths and persuasions. Sadly such
misunderstandings only serve to give credence to the discomfort that is often
felt by those who, through no fault of their own, do not have the knowledge of
the real principles of Islam.
Abu Dardaa Muhammad is a master student at the Department of
Theology and Religious Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC REAWAKENING ON MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT’S
POLICY Lili Yulyadi Arnakim
This paper attempts to analyze the response of the Malaysian
government to domestic religious awareness known as Islamic (re)awakening.
Religious sentiments have been considered a particularistic and traditional
value in the modern sociopolitical system. Unlikely, the modernized society
concerned the universalistic values. After the failure of Judo-Christian
tradition in attaining peace and welfare of the society in the western history,
the western society tended to leave the religion and fought for the rational and
scientific discoveries. Since then their modernization process has been
characterized as material and imbalance development. On the other hand, Islam as
a comprehensive way of life has harnessed into political system. It deals with
principles of public and private life, national and international issues. Using
the primary and secondary resources, this paper finds that since 1970s, the
Islamic (re)awaking in Malaysia has significant bearing on the government’s
domestic and foreign policy. Former Prime Minister Mahathir Muhammad introduced
the insertion of Islamic values into government administration. Furthermore,
Present Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi has also adopted Islam Hadhari as his
approach to Malaysian political development as response to domestic Islamic
reawakening.
Lili Yulyadi Arnakim is a Visiting Lecturer at the Department
of Southeast Asian Studies, University of Malaya
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT POLICY IN ADMINISTRATING THE MALAYSIAN
ISLAMIC AFFAIR Dr Ideris Endot, Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir,
Associate Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Don, and Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus
It has been an outstanding issue in the country pertaining to
the administration of Malaysian Islamic Affair. The administration of Islamic
affair by the state and federation government is always been accused to be
inefficient and hopeless, particularly in facing radical change in modernity.
This probably due to its fundamental problem that has been occurred for long
period namely the differences of policy between the state and the federation
government in administration Islamic affair. Unfortunately, there is a lack of
study regarding the issues proposed by the academia. Henceforth, the essay would
deliver the result of the study made upon the issues. The study finds that there
is a problem in establishing and managing strategic policy for the affair of
Islam in Malaysia.
Dr Ideris Endot is Lecturer at the Department of Dakwah and
Leadership Study, Faculty of Islamic Study, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
THE APPLICATION OF IBN KHALDŪN’S THEORY OF ASABIYYAH TO
MODERN MUSLIM SOCIETY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MALAY MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN
MALAYSIA Asyiqin Ab Halim
The theory of Asabiyyah propounded by Ibn Khaldūn is the
centre of his concept of al-‘umrān, which according to him has influenced the
rise and fall of certain dynasties or states. Besides, it has been proven in
history that certain dynasties or states were built on this notion and
applicable to several Muslim dynasties, including Muslim governments in Malaya
Archipelago. However, Muslim these days is facing different kind of challenges.
Issue of integration, disunity within the same group, problems of immorality,
criminality and social problems are the challenges and internal and external
problems confronted by Muslim nowadays. With special reference to Malay
community in Malaysia, this study attempts to examine Ibn Khaldūn’s theory of
Asabiyyah and the possibility of applying this theory within the modern Muslim
community to find a solution to the malaise.
Asyiqin Ab Halim is an Academic Fellow at the Department of
Islamic History and Civilisation, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of
Malaya
AL-ATTAS’ CONTRIBUTIONS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Aizan Ali Mat
Zin
Aizan Ali Mat Zin is a Lecturer at the Department of Islamic
History and Civilisation, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, and
concurrently a doctorate candidate at the Department of Theology and Religious
Studies, University of Wales, Lampeter
A BRIEF NOTE ON MALAYSIA’S RESPONSES TO THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT
W. Shawaluddin W. Hassan, Ramli Dollah, Rizal Zamani Idris, Zaini Othman, and
Aizan Ali Mat Zin
When the Bosnian conflict started in 1992, it targeted the
Bosnian Muslims and the Croat. Ethnic cleansing in the form of genocide, rape,
expel and fright were the policies of the Serbs. As a result, Muslim countries
responded to the Bosnian’s plight including Malaysia. This paper intends to
explain reasons for Malaysia’s participation during the conflict. It also
details diplomatic efforts taken by Malaysia in order to help the Bosnian
Muslims and the Croat. Among the diplomatic initiatives are recognizing
Bosnia-Herzegovina’s independence, opening of the Bosnian embassy in Kuala
Lumpur, urging the US involvement to end the conflict, criticizing the Western
powers inaction and sending Malaysian troops under the banner of the UN
peacekeeping force. While Malaysia’s contribution seems to be serious, it
nevertheless could not help to end the war. This was due to the fact that
Malaysia and also other Muslim nations were powerless hence, had to wait for the
US involvement in ending the conflict with the conclusion of the Dayton
Agreement in 1995.
Ramli Dollah is a Lecturer in International Relations at
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
THE ADAPTATION OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE (MI) THEORY FROM THE
WESTREN INTO THE ISLAMIC CULTURE Saher Ali Al-Sabbah
Now days, there is a need to conduct the researches that can
bridge the gap between the different cultures. The Muslim and Western world
should work together to reduce the influences of intolerance, extremism and
militancy that exist on both sides. It is very important to explain the concept
of "Civilisational Islamic", which can be presented by the adaptation of various
perspectives through the culture to enable the people around the world to
understand the Islamic Mentality, thinking, and morality. Multiple Intelligence
(MI) is one of theories that can be adapted cross the culture and it enhances
the different societies to develop different kinds of activities such as India
is home of music. Calligraphy is a part of Muslim culture. Rhetoric and memory
is traditional part of Arabic society. Interpersonal relations are more valuable
in some cultures (Hussain, 2007). Under the circumstances, the multiple
intelligence quizzes do not include the intelligence that is free from cultural
biases. Moreover, the MI theory consists of ten sub-intelligences, whereas this
paper discusses only eight sub-intelligences: Music, Kinesthetic, Math\logic,
Linguistic, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Natural which can be
measured by MIDAS scale. This paper provides an overview of multiple
intelligence (MI) theory along with practical applications in the Islamic
culture. Besides, the paper aims to adapt the Multiple Intelligence Development
Assessment Scale (MIDAS) from the Western to Arabic culture. In addition, the
study investigates the factors that influence the Islamic mentality and the
implementation of this theory.
Saher Ali Al-Sabbah is a doctorate candidate at School of
Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia
THE APPLICATION OF ONTOLOGICAL, EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND
AXIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF PHILOSOPHY OF QURANIC SCIENCE (PQS) IN THE TEACHING OF
MODERN SCIENCE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF MALAYSIA Associate Professor Dr Yahaya
Jusoh
The study examines the interpretations of the word “ilm”
(science) mentioned 750 times (in its 77 forms) in the Quran which develop the
ontological, epistemological and axiological principles of philosophy of Quranic
science. The ontological principle of PQS categorizes the types of science into
divine science, social science and natural science. The three sciences are
integrated where divine science as the foundation for the other two sciences.
The epistemological principle of PQS, however describes the structure, strategic
and methodology of Islamic sciences, whilst axiological principle of PQS
enhances the achievements of Islamic sciences in human civilization. This study
shows that these principles, in certain extent have been applied in the teaching
modern sciences in the public universities of Malaysia.
Dr Yahaya Jusoh is an Associate Professor at Centre of Islamic
Studies and Social Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
INTEGRATION OF PHILOSOPHY OF QURANIC SCIENCE (PQS) IN THE
NATIONAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM AS A FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC
CIVILIZED SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA Dr Azhar Muhammad, Dr Abd Rahman Hamzah, and Dr
Yahaya Jusoh
The Islamic civilized society in Malaysia can be developed in
a more organized manner through formal education system. The approach of using
the thoughts of Philosophy Of Quranic Science (PQS) which integrate social
science and natural science with divine science in the national education
curriculum will result in the existence of this society in Malaysia.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the raising tide of science in the modern
globalization era has discarded the principles of PQS thoughts for quite
sometime. The separation of social science and natural science from divine
science has made the learning of science and technology to have more
materialistic influence than spiritual influence, the foundation of the Islamic
civilized society development. This paper will highlight the importance of PQS
and its total implementation at all levels of education in the national
education system. Through this national curriculum reform, students of primary,
secondary and higher education will make up the new generation, developed based
on the integration of PQS which makes the existence of Islamic civilized society
possible in Malaysia.
Dr Azhar Muhammad is a Lecturer at the Centre for Islamic
Studies and Social Development, University Teknologi Malaysia
NON-MUSLIM MALAYSIAN LEARNERS OF ARABIC: AN INVESTIGATION OF
THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS LEARNING ARABIC Ashinida Aladdin
Learning a foreign language (FL) is a complex process. There
are many attributes that influence the process of teaching and learning the FL.
One of the attributes is the attitudes toward FL. Attitudes play an important
role in studying a second or foreign language. For the past three decades, there
are extensive amount of research that examines the nature and role on attitude
in the learning process of L2/FL. Attitudes to language learning are believed to
have a serious on learners willingness to study the language and their
achievement. The purpose of present study is to examine the attitudes of
non-Muslims Malaysian hold toward Arabic language. This study will explore their
attitudes toward the speakers of Arabic as well as to investigate the
correlation between their attitudes toward FL, Arabic language and attitude
toward the speakers of Arabic.
Ashinida Aladdin is a Lecturer at School of Language and
Linguistics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
PERCEPTION OF ENGLISH FINAL STOPS BY MALAY LEARNERS: A
PRELIMINARY STUDY Shahidi A Hamid
This paper presents some preliminary findings from a
perceptual study of English stop voicing contrast by learners of English whose
first language (L1) is Malay. The paper begins by presenting the results of an
acoustic study of the Malay stops with a focus on word-finally and a range of
acoustic measures such as vowel duration. Results are then presented, first
relating to the productions of the final stops in Malay and, second, evaluating
Malay listeners' identification abilities with final voiced/voiceless stops in
English. Results obtained confirm that in many cases English final voiced stops
produced by native English speakers (RP) were identified as voiceless by the
Malay listeners (perceiving no voicing contrast in final position, with the
exception of velar stops). It is suggested here that there is a transfer of
perceptual patterns from L1 (Malay) to second language (English) where
word-final voiced stops are less frequent than a final voiceless stop in Malay
phonological system; final stops are most likely to be identified as voiceless.
It is thus argued that the shift in the understanding of human language
acquisition from the actual structure of the languages in contact to the
learner-system itself may not in itself be sufficient to provide insights into
the process of mastering the second language (L2) which learners must undergo.
This is particularly true in terms of ‘similar phonemes between the L1 and L2
but dissimilar phonetically’, which may affect perceptual (and realisation) of
similar sounds.
Shahidi A Hamid is a doctorate candidate at Speech and
Language Sciences Section, School of Education, Communication and Language
Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
CROSSING ACADEMIC CULTURES: A QUANTUM LEAP Carole Russell
Williams
Speaker Proposal: This is a paper to mark the very special
occasion where the University of Wales is officially designated by the High
Commission of Malaysia (acting on evidence from the Malaysian Student Advisory
Committee) as an official ‘Centre for Islamic Studies’. The central theme of the
paper will be the nature of the ‘quantum leap’ involved for Malaysian students
in ‘crossing’ not only ‘academic cultures’ but in learning to adapt to working
within new philosophical and mental ‘thought modes’ and ways of logical
expression. My Unique Position: The paper is written from my own unique
perspective of working with a unique group of students, the Malaysian Ph.D
candidates. As course developer and tutor for advanced academic discourse,
attached to the English Department, I hold a very privileged position. These
highly educated and high ranking young lecturers come to UWL from prestigious
universities in Malaysia to take their learning to doctorate level. My work with
them is to sort out grammar, structure, clarity, logicality, referencing,
paraphrasing, synthesis, and so on. In other words, my job is to help them
achieve what we regard as a piece of intelligent writing, at every level, so
that they can meet academic expectations in British Universities. So I ‘teach’,
and they ‘learn’, but they in turn teach me. And I learn so much, about their
own cultures and ideologies, their own ‘thought modes’ and ‘ways of logical
expression’. This is the joy of my job, which represents the interactive and
dialogical teaching and learning situation which should be at the heart of such
a profound learning and teaching experience. Opposing Educational Ideologies:
The main focus in this paper will therefore be upon ‘what I have learned’ from
our community of Malaysian students at UWL from my deep level work with them, as
together we shape in dialogue in English those concepts which they can already
express with ease in their first language. The ‘critical thinking model’ valued
in British Higher Education will be a central theme in this, and how its
emphasis on a particular type of ‘linear’ and ‘analytical’ logic may seem alien
to budding Malaysian scholars, who are accustomed to operating within a much
more ‘circular’ rhetorical model. The ‘quantum leap’ involved in integrating
into their thinking this ‘new model’ may cause considerable ‘culture shock’, and
this too will be a focus. Learning to subject all written expression to the
rigour of ‘rationality’ and ’logic’ in British Academic culture (and within its
strong tradition of ‘debate’ and ‘scholastic disputation’) may conflict (for
example) with the place of reason in the Islamic faith. The expectation of
‘rejecting an argument’ in order to replace it with one’s own reasoned views
rests, for example, on a profound faith in the ‘rightness’ of personal thinking.
Such ‘faith’ in personal ability may ‘conflict’ at profound religious levels.
Young scholars in Muslim cultures such as Malaysia may be more accustomed to the
need for humility and silence when ‘receiving knowledge’ from ‘Masters’, for
example, whether written or spoken. Students may therefore seek further
understanding, but they will not question and challenge in the way that we in
British Higher Education expect and value, operating as we do from the
standpoint of our ‘critical thinking model’. ‘Reason’ in Islam is a God-given
tool by which we must seek to deepen our understanding of the Qu’oran (for
example), or the sayings of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) from the Hadith, or
from its great expositors and interpreters in the Shariah as to how we should
conduct ourselves in mind, body and spirit in all areas of human existence. To
value ‘reason’ above all things as we do in British culture would be for Muslims
to worship the ‘gift’ instead of the ‘Giver’. These, then, will be the main
themes, will which be thrown open to discussion after the conclusion of the
talk. Possible solutions will then be considered as to how the sometimes painful
‘transition’ between the two cultures can be eased.
Carole Russell Williams is a Course Developer and Tutor for
Advanced Academic Discourse, Department of English, University of Wales,
Lampeter
-
Professor Dr M. Krishanan, The Concept of Islam Hadhari as Reflected in
Thirukkural.
-
Professor Dr Mohammad Redzuan Othman,
The Inculcation of Islamic Values
and the Implementation of Islam Hadhari: It’s Impact on the Practice of
Islam in Malay Society in Malaysia, 1982-2006.
-
Professor Datuk Dr Zainal Kling, Islam: the Dynamic Modern Consciousness
in Malaysia.
-
Professor Dr N. Kanthasamy,
The Concept of Islam Hadhari in Indian Culture.
-
Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus,
Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, and Razaleigh Kawangit, Dakwah
and Humanity: A Special Reference to the Indian Community in Malaysia.
-
Professor Dr S. Kumaran,
The Perception of Minority in Islam Hadhari.
-
Professor Dr Muda @ Ismail Ab Rahman,
Contemporary Religious Issues in
Malaysia.
-
Dr Amini Amir Abdullah,
The
Concept, Philosophy and the Approach of Islam Hadhari.
-
Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd
Nasir, Associate Professor Dr Ghafar Don, Associate Professor Dr Zulkiple
Ghani, and Othman Talib, Islam Hadhari in Malaysia: Responses from the Perspective of
Da`wah.
-
Associate Professor Dr Zulkiple Abd Ghani,
Promoting Islam Hadhari
through the Mosque: a Case Study in the State of Johor.
-
Professor Dr Tengku Ghani T. Jusoh,
Terrorism
According to Arabic Lexicography.
-
Associate
Professor Dr Mahayudin Hj Yahaya, Abu Jabir ‘Abdullah b. Ahmad
al-Ghadamisi: A Reformist Ulama’ in the Malaya State.
-
Muhamad Faisal Ashaari,
Islamic Online Community: A Study on Islah-net.
-
Aznan
Zuhid Saidin, Dr Amran Muhammad, and Raja Ahmad Iskandar Raja Yaacob, Islamic Ethical Values for Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Development in Malaysia.
-
Dr
Norizan Mohd Yasin, and Associate Professor Dr Zaitun Abu Bakar, The
Design of an Online Zakat Management System.
-
Associate Professor Dr Ibrahim Abu
Bakar, Revisit Causality in Muslim Theological and Philosophical Works
and Malaysian Muslims’ Tendencies toward Causality.
-
Dr
Mohd. Nasir Abd. Hamid, The Malaysian Perlis Islahi’s Movement
Achievement in Refuting the Dominance of the Practice of the Shafi‘i Madhhab.
-
Othman Talib, Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, Associate
Professor Dr Zulkiple Ghani, and Dr. Sulaiman Ibrahim, Adab Ikhtilaf in
Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.
-
Latifah Abdul Majid,
Bahr al-Mādhī: A Significance Hadīth Text for
Malay Muslims as Tools for Political Teaching.
-
Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif,
Patterns of Religious Discourse of the
Jāwah in the Pre-Twentieth Century Malay Archipelago: The Case of Hadīth
and Its Sciences.
-
Fadlan Mohd. Othman, Ahamad Asmadi Sakat, and Muhd. Najib Abdul Kadir,
The Importance of Takhrij al-Hadith in the Malaysian Society.
-
Dr Mazlan Ibrahim, and
Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, The Development of Quranic
Exegesis in the Malay Archipelago: A Special Reference to the Malaysian
Scenario.
-
Zaharudin Nawi,
The Contemporary Study of Hadith: An Analysis of the
Malaysian Experience.
-
Ahamad Asmadi Sakat, Fadlan Mohd. Othman, and Dr Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah,
Bank Hadith: an Essential in Malaysia.
-
Dr Sulaiman
Kadikon, The Perception of Environmental Awareness Based on the Principle
of Islam Hadhari of Malaysia.
-
Abd Rahman Hj Hamzah,
The Themes and Styles of Islamic Calligraphy in the
Malaysian Mosques: Case Studies on Mosques in and around Kuala Lumpur.
-
Noordalela Baharudin,
The
Vestiges of European Coats-of-Arms in Malaysia and the Development of Muslim
Heraldry.
-
Zunaidah Mohd Marzuki,
A Review of Islamization of Psychology:
Importance, Problems and Possible Method of Solving.
-
Arena Che Kasim, Personality of the Prophet as a Model
for Sustainable Human Development.
-
Dr
Salmiah Mohamad Amin, The Impact of IQ, EQ and SQ Competencies on Job
Performance of Support Staff in Malaysian E- Government Agencies.
-
Associate Professor Dr Maznah Che Ghazali, and Mohammad Noorizzuddin Nooh,
Religiosity and Ethics: A Conceptual Framework of Religiosity Measurement.
-
Dr
Aswati Hamzah, and Mohd Zailani Hj Mohd Yusof, The Development of Islamic
Spiritual Disposition Questionnaire.
-
Zulkifli Hasan,
Corporate Governance from the Islamic Perspective.
-
Suhaili Sarif,
Price Control from Islamic Perspective.
-
Muhammad Ahmad, and Dr Jabal
M. Buaben, The Other Side of the Malay Entrepreneur: Cultural Influences.
-
Associate Professor Dr Hussin Salamon, The Principles
of Islam in Marketing Strategy.
-
Syahidawati Haji Shahwan,
The
Ownership and Attitude Towards Shariah-based Credit Card in Islamic
Framework: An Analytical Review in Malaysia.
-
Nazimah Hussin,
Credit Cards: the Economic and Social Impacts towards
Malaysian Muslims.
-
Mat
Noor Mat Zain, Anwar Fakhri Omar, and Dr Amir Husin Md Nor, Application
and Development of Takaful in Malaysia.
-
Mohd
Nizam Barom, Putting Ethics into Investment: the Role of Malaysia’s
Leadership in the Global Islamic Finance.
-
Norzitah Abdul
Karim, Shari’ah Supervisory and Auditing Practices of the Malaysian
Islamic Commercial Banks: an Exploratory Study.
-
Dr Shahida Shahimi,
and Suhaili Alma’amun, Human Capital and Islamic Finance Studies in
Malaysia: A Challenge for Government, Industry and the Academic Community.
-
Associate Professor Dr Hussin Salamon, A Sustainable
Model of Stock Market in an Islamic Economics.
-
Kamaruzaman
Noordin, The Effect of Demutualization on Takaful Institutions: A
Critical Study of Malaysian Takaful Business Models, Shariah Concerns, and
Possible Solutions.
-
Mohamad Abdul Hamid, and Jamil
Osman, Corporate Demand for Islamic Insurance (Takaful) in Malaysia: a
Financial Exposition Perspective.
-
Mohd Sukki Othman,
A Study on the
Level of Knowledge and Understanding Among Muslims Towards the Concepts,
Arabic and Shariah Terms in Takaful.
-
Azila
Abdul Razak, and Wan Yusrol Rizal Wan Yusof, Malaysian Practice of ar-Rahn Scheme: Trends and Development.
-
Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai, and Nor Aini Ali,
Partnership Contracts in
Agricultural Land Development from Islamic Perspective: FELCRA Berhad
Experiences.
-
Salmy
Edawati Yaacob, Gold Dinar: a Review of the Implementation in Malaysia.
-
Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad, Delays in the Payment and
Distribution of Zakat.
-
Kamarulzaman Ismail,
Consumer’s
Intention in Purchasing Halal Products.
-
Farah
Salwani Ismail, Where Have All the Organs Gone?
-
Zainab
Moin, and Asia Nameet, Exchange of Natural Resources Mentioned in Surah
al-Nahl: a Comparative Study of al-Hanafi and al-Shafi‘i School of Thoughts.
-
Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut, Associate
Professor Dr Mohd Fauzi Hamat, and Mashitah Sabdin, Islamic Thought of
Human Right: Malaysian Issues and Challenges.
-
Mohd Zaidi Abdul Rahman, Religious Rights in Malaysia
under Europe Colonial Power (1511-1941): an Overview.
-
Dr Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil,
Punishment for Apostasy and Freedom of Religion in Islam: the Malaysian
Perspective.
-
Rafeah Saidon,
Disputes
Upon Conversion of One Spouse to Other Religion: Issues on the Right of
Custody in Malaysia.
-
Wan Adli Wan Ramli,
Liberal Muslims Conception of “islam”.
-
Dr
Noor Amali Mohd Daud, Muslim Pluralist’s Discourse on Certain Quranic
Verses: a Critical Appraisal.
-
Associate Professor Dr Jaffary Awang, Aqidah as a Basis
of Social Tolerance.
-
Dr
Bakary Sambe, Religious Factor, Identity and Transnational Networks: the
Case of Afro-Arab Relations.
-
Zainab Moin, and Asia Nameet,
Islam and Religious Tolerance: Study of
Malaysia.
-
Ahmad Tarmizi Talib, Religious Tolerance in Malaysia
and Indonesia.
-
Zainab Moin, and Asia Nameet,
Law of Inheritance in Sunni and Shia
Schools: Rational Behind Them.
-
Jasni Sulong,
The Islamic Law of Inheritance: the Development and Its
Recent Codification in Muslim Wills in Malaysia.
-
Dr Amir Husin Mohd Nor, and Dr Zaini Nasohah, The
Prosecution of Syariah Criminal Cases at the Religious States Department of
Malaysia.
-
Nushi Mahfodz,
The
Enforcement of Khalwat (Close Proximity) Law in Malaysia.
-
Kharuddin Mohd Amin,
Rate and Causes of Divorce among Muslims in Malaysia.
-
Mohammad Firdaus Mohammad Hatta, (t.b.a. – on Shariah).
-
Rahimah Hamdan, and Dr Shaiful Bahri Md. Radzi,
Women and Gender Relation
in Traditional Era Based on Malay Historiography Texts.
-
Maznah
Hj Ibrahim, Associate Professor Dr Mohammad Sobri Haron, and Dr Indriaty
Ismail, Crossing Boundaries: the Role of Muslim Women as Transformation
Agent in the Malay Society.
-
Mohd Najib Abdul Kadir, and
Tengku Intan Zarina Tengku Puji, Issue of Feminine by Feminism Group and
Anti Hadith.
-
Mohd Noh
Abdul Jalil, Relations between Religious Scholars and Secular Leaders as
Described in the Traditional Malay Texts.
-
Raja Ahmad
Iskandar Raja Yaacob, and Aznan Zuhid Saidin, Definition of Islam as a
Political Religion: Islamic Party of Malaysia Experience in Information
Communication Technology.
-
Muhaimin Sulam,
The New
Perak Government’s Challenges: An Affecting of Bargaining Power.
-
Fatimatuzzahra Abd Rahman,
Sovereignty and Administrative Changes in
Islamicjerusalem from Early Muslim Conquest until the End of Umayyad Period
(637-750 CE).
-
Lili Yulyadi Arnakim,
The Impact of Islamic Reawakening on Malaysian
Government’s Policy.
-
Dr
Ideris Endot, Associate Professor Dr Badlihisham Mohd Nasir, Associate
Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Don, and Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus, Strategic Management Policy in Administrating the Malaysian Islamic Affair.
-
Asyiqin Ab Halim,
The Application of Ibn Khaldūn’s Theory of Asabiyyah
to Modern Muslim Society with Special Reference to the Malay Muslim
Community in Malaysia.
-
Aizan Ali Mat Zin, Al-Attas’ Contributions in Islamic
Architecture.
-
W.
Shawaluddin W. Hassan, Ramli Dollah, Rizal Zamani Idris, and Zaini Othman,
A Brief Note on Malaysia’s Responses to the Bosnian Conflict.
-
Carole
Russell Williams, Crossing Academic Cultures: a Quantum Leap.
-
Saher Ali Mohammd
Al-Sabbah, The Adaptation of Multiple Intelligence (MI) Theory from the
Western into the Islamic Culture and the Impact on Islamic Mentality.
-
Associate Professor Dr Yahaya Jusoh,
The Application of Ontological,
Epistemological and Axiological Principles of Philosophy of Quranic Science
(PQS) in the Teaching of Modern Science in Public Universities of Malaysia.
-
Dr Azhar Muhammad, Dr Abd. Rahman Hamzah, and Dr Yahaya
Jusoh, Integration of Philosophy of Quranic Science (PQS) in the National
Education Curriculum as Foundation for the Development of Islamic Civilized
Society in Malaysia.
-
Rabiatul-Adawiah Ahmad Rashid, and Associate Professor Dr Merza Abbas,
Philosophical Beliefs of Muslim Science Teachers and Their Influence on the
Teaching Process.
-
Shahidi A Hamid, (t.b.a. – on Linguistics).
-
Ashinida Aladdin,
Attitudes of the Non-Muslims Malaysian Learners toward
Arabic as a Foreign Language in Multilingual Malaysia Society.
-
Ibnor Azli Ibrahim, and Syed Kamarulzaman Syed Kabeer,
Contributions of Ulama and Government in the Development of Ilmu Falak
Syarie in Malaysia: a Survey.
-
Dr
Adnan Abd Rashid, The Educational Principles in the Period of the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh): It’s Ideal and Reality for Improving the Malaysian
Educational System.
-
Associate Professor Dr
Hassan Basri Awang Mat Dahan, Dr Mohd Azhar Zailani, and Habibah Mat Rejab,
Implementation of j-QAF Programme in Primary Schools: the Experience of
Malaysia.
-
Dr
Muhamad Rahimi Osman, Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim, and Siti Khadijah Abd
Manan, Islamic Lifelong Learning Programme (ILLP) in Malaysia:
Development and Future Plan.
-
Farid
Mat Zain, and Associate Professor Dr Ibrahim Abu Bakar, The Development of Pondok and Madrasah in Kedah, Malaysia
during British Occupation 1909-1941.
-
Associate Professor Datin Dr Paizah
Ismail, Associate Professor Dr Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim, Mohd Anuar Ramli,
Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, and Mohammaddin Abdul Niri, Re-Engineering of the Islamic Higher Educational System in
Malaysia: An Analysis Upon the Recent Studies.
-
Associate Professor Dr Mohd Nasran Mohamad,
Restructuring Islamic Studies
Faculty of National University of Malaysia (UKM).
-
Associate Professor Dr Abdul
Karim Ali, Dr Luqman Abdullah, and Muhammad Safiri Ismail, Shariah Studies
in Traditional Educational System and Modern Institute of Islamic Studies in
Malaysia: a Comparison.
-
Associate Professor Dr Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman, Associate Professor Dr
Abdul Karim Ali, Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim, Dr Luqman Abdullah, Dr Rushdi
Ramli, Dr Ridzwan Ahmad, The Teaching and Learning of Usul al-Fiqh in
Public Universities (IPTA) in Malaysia: Reality and Challenges.
-
Mohamed Fairooz Abdul Khir,
The Maqasidic Approach of Fiqh (Islamic
Jurisprudence) Studies and Its Application in Malaysian Institute of Higher
Learning.
-
Abdul Halim Mohd Naam,
Arabic Verb System; Preliminary Study on Arabic Language Textbook of
Malaysia Secondary School.
-
Zuraini Nordin, Theories of the
Beginning of Human History in Two Malaysian History Textbooks: A Content
Analysis.
-
Anzaruddin Ahmad,
Improving the Content Quality of Islam-Related Printed
Materials : Its Future in Malaysia.
-
Ashinida Aladdin,
The New Field of Inquiry of Islamicjerusalem Studies: a
Malaysia Experience.
-
Dr
Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, Introducing Islamicjerusalem Studies as an Academic
Discipline in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges.
-
Dr
Aminurraasyid Yatiban, The Position of Islamicjerusalem in Diplomatic
Relations with Special Reference to the Relationship between Hārūn al-Rashīd
and Charlemagne.
-
Mohd
Faizal Abdul Khir, Akhlaq Pedagogy in the Institute of Higher Learning in
Malaysia: a Critical Study.
-
Associate Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Don,
Teaching Da’wah as Islamic Studies (TEDS) in Higher Learning
Institutions: Malaysian Experience.
-
Dr Ahmad Redzuwan Mohd Yunus,
and Associate Professor Dr Abdul Ghafar Don, The Direction of Da‘wah
Orang Asli (Aboriginal People) in Malaysia: Focus on Governmental Da‘wah
Organization.
-
Munif Zarirruddin Fikri Nordin,
The Relevance of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in Religious Discourse
Analysis.
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