Singularity (non C-R theory only)

Conventional physics theories and astronomical theories are saddled with the possibility that the entire contents of a black hole (non- C-R) can overpower the resistance of matter with intense gravity, and collapse that matter into a singularity. Most theories speculate: the conventional gravity of a large-dense mass can overcome the nuclear pressures generated by protons and neutrons. This forces matter towards a gravitational collapse, with the infinitesimally small singularity as the predicted result.

The gravitational singularity is predicted to be a unique catastrophe. Most present theories about Black-Holes predict the singularity will be the ultimate destination, and fate of any matter-energy unlucky enough to be trapped within, or sucked into a black hole (non C-R type).

This predicted singularity would be infinitely dense1, and also, immeasurably small. Because the internal conditions would soar totally over the well-understood range of the speed-of-light escape velocity and electromagnetic light-speed interaction limit, all of the present, relativity based theories and laws which we have would be rendered useless.

There is a generous overabundance of speculation as to the ultimate fate, and the permitted behavior of a singularity2.

Conventional Theories and Singularities:

or A One of an (un)Kind Phenomenon.

• Singularity: Case #1
  One of the currently proposed ideas suggests that with the not quite infinitely-dense curvature of the matter-energy trapped in the singularity, the "sheet" of spacetime which composes the fabric of the universe could be literally torn or folded away. This tearing or folding would occur something-like soap-bubble style. When the soap bubble is stretched too much, and curves in upon itself, a separate bubble is sometimes created. This bubble carries-off some of the original soap film.
• Singularity: Case #2
  In a similar fashion, imagine the properties of the universe, so severely twisted, bent, or curved that the material literally curves itself totally out of the universe. This unconnected, loose blob of mass and energy floats until it can reconnect or be merged into: someplace else, sometime else, or even into a co- existent, parallel universe.
• Singularity: Case #3
  By this space-time fabric pinch-off/ reconnecting idea; other theories suggest that the path created by the ex-black hole singularity could produce a "Wormhole" effect, i.e., a tunnel or a shortcut from one region in space-time to another region in spacetime.
• Singularity: Case #4
  Some other theories speculate that the singularity will collapse into the smallest possible dimension, at the Planck limit, or 10-35 meters. At this miniscule limit, they speculate, the barrier against all interactions forbidden by conventional theories may no longer apply. Esoterically, if for no other reason, there is something intellectually uncomfortable in the assumption3 that the entire contents, including the mass-energy contingent of the known universe, originated in such a small, seemingly insignificant, volume of space.

The C-R theory alternative

The C-R theory is saddled with no such dilemmas. The C-R theory predicts4 that no singularity can ever occur. This is due exclusively to the nature of gravity. We speculate that gravity can only collapse and attract matter by decreasing the local time.

This time decrease, or partial gravitational collapse could be geometrically envisioned as somewhat similar to the shape of the skin of an orange while the whole orange was being juiced. As the amount of active, real-time which the particle experiences is decreased, the kinetic energy (speed or acceleration) released appears as an effect caused by gravity.

Once the total amount of active, real-time which the particle can experience is decreased to zero, gravity can no longer exert any affect over matter. This simple conclusion totally prevents the occurrence of a collapse into a singularity.

A Singularity Alternative:

As an alternative to the center of the black hole singularity, the C-R theory instead predicts that around the center of every Black-Hole (C-R type), there will be a time active zone. We have termed this central region the (inside) Active Zone. This active zone is located on the inside of the Black-Hole.

To create, and then maintain the Black-Hole, this Active Zone must have exactly enough mass at exactly the right density to produce the necessary spacetime curvature. Proceeding inside from the neutral zone, passing the speed-of-light escape velocity at Schwarzschild radius, this defines the active zone's outer periphery.

That the Active-Zone is exactly critical in it's density is not quite as coincidental as it would at first seem. If the active zone had more mass or a higher density, the resulting active zone would be smaller, and the amount of matter trapped in the Neutral zone would be increased. If the density of the matter in an active zone were to decrease, some of the matter which had been totally deactivated at the inner edge in the Neutral Zone could be released.

Consider the case where there would be no remaining inactivated matter left in the Neutral Zone. Therefore, a minimal disturbance in the amount of matter or the density in the Active Zone could become insufficient to maintain the Schwarzschild radius curvature at the speed-of-light limit. At this very instant, the Black-Hole as we knew it, would cease to exist. At this time, the matter and energy, which had been trapped inside this Black-Hole in the Active Zone, would be able to be re-united with it's long-lost matter and energy family relatives residing outside of the Black-Hole5.