Electrons

Electrons are the premier, and predominant negatively charged subatomic particle of the universe. The number of electrons is thought to exist in roughly (if not exactly) the same parity with the number of protons.

It is the dual, particle-wave nature of the electron, and it's tendency to favor certain resonant modes (or harmonic vibrations, like notes from a piano string), which gives matter its chemical properties. The individual electron can only gain or lose energy in a fixed increment, called a quanta. The difference in the energy level of the resonances accounts for the frequency of light or of electromagnetic energy released when an electron changes it's orbital, and therefore it's level of energy. Since the speed of light from a particle is not supposed to change with the change in energy1, the frequency change of the existing energy is all that can affect (or accomplish) the transfer of energy to represent the energy level differences.

The C-R theory predicts that an active Black-Hole, which is consuming, swallowing or trapping matter will preferentially swallow the more massive protons and neutrons, and will generally leave some amount of electrons outside the Black-Hole. In effect, the Black-Hole will swallow more of the massive protons and neutrons (and various and sundry other things like photons of energy, and neutrinos). Due to the greater energy to charge vs. mass ratio experienced by the lighter, sprighter electrons, the Black- Hole should effectively sort, deflect (i.e., spit-out), or reject many electrons. We could also envision this case as an example of the electron tunnelling away from the portion of the atom which is undergoing de-activation. In short, to sort, the Black-Hole will act as a mass-sieve body.

If the above scenario is (sort {of}) the case, we would expect to find a huge excess of electrons produced near every active Black-Hole. The C-R theory explains that it is a mandatory characteristic of a Black-Hole, creating a localized excess sea of negative charges in the vicinity. A secondary benefit to these self-repelling electrons is that they provide an automatic throttle to prevent a runaway collapse of matter rushing into the Black-Hole. This method would give very quick response feedback, and allow the Black-Hole a leisurely lunch to ingest a large lump of matter rather than forcing the Black-Hole to greedily gulp an entire mound of bulk down it's rapacious, insatiable maw.

In the first attempt to find a practical use for an C-R Black-Hole, let us propose a case for a hypothetical Black-Hole at the center of our sun. The actual useful work would be performed at the outer Schwarzschild radius. The C-R Black-Hole would be incessantly brunching on an infalling cloud or gas-bag composed of hydrogen and helium. The atoms would attempt to accelerate, all the while colliding with other atoms. These elements would be rushing ahead... salmon-style, against an outflow of liberated electrons. At the Schwarzschild radius, the masses would be parted, and in their view, depart for eternity. The protons and neutrons would silently slide into the Schwarzschild radius, into a complete and restful neutrality. At the same Schwarzschild radius, the electrons would find themselves as unwelcome leftovers from the main meal.

In the aftermath, only the energy released, and the electrons would survive the incredible journey from that twisted region. There would be immense streams of electrons released. These electrons, flowing in a self-inductive stream of current, could possibly be magnetically bunched or driven together. If this scenario existed, we should find billions of amps of electrons flowing outward from the surface of the sun.

Even more incredibly, we would expect that the sun's gas cloud existing outside the Black-Hole would be subjected to the normal gravitational influence from the planets. If this gas cloud could be preferentially sloshed around the Black-Hole by normal tidal drag, some regions, or directions near the equator of the rotation could experience slightly increased local densities. This provides a basis to allow a slight gravitational modulation of the direction and numbers of the resulting electron stream. We would expect to find a seasonal and a multi-year modulation pattern in the solar sunspot activity2. Remarkably, this exact effect was predicted by the book, The Jupiter Effect. Regrettably, the authors repudiated their own idea, since everyone knows the fusion power of the sun couldn't possibly be influenced by the meager gravitational pull of the planets.

If the Black-Hole condition could be overcome or reversed, we would expect something we have termed a White-Hole phenomenon. If the confinement which traps matter and energy inside the Neutral Zone in a Black-Hole can be pried apart, the results would release incredibly intense, concentrated energy and vast excesses of positively charged particles.

In short, we would expect outer space to no longer be the cold, electrically neutral, uninteresting near vacuum which most theories had always relegated it to be. Instead, we would expect to find immense currents, signifying extreme electrical imbalances in all regions of space, and we would expect uncountable numbers of electrical charges to abound in any cosmic setting.

The C-R theory definitely predicts that electrons will have an important and different use in this Brave New Universe. The lowly electron will add it's all-important contribution, a significant benefit to the overall fate of the universe. The C-R theory elevates the importance of electrons to the overall recycling of the universe, much more so than would be the case with conventional theories. In fact, the C-R theory would vehemently oppose any theory of the universe which suggested, or allowed the basic mixes and properties of subatomic particles to change arbitrarily at (each?) the Big Bang.