Black Holes (non C-R)

This is a paraphrased definition of a conventional, non C-R theory obeying black hole, extracted and condensed down from present theories. Most of these theories predict that the force of gravity will become so intense from the immense accumulation of intensely concentrated mass, that matter will no longer be able to resist total collapse. The entire mass contained within the critically curved volume of space, now termed a black hole, will collapse into an infinitely dense point, also called a singularity. At the outside boundary or the circumference of what now has become the black hole, the gravitational escape velocity will exactly equal the speed of light. No known particles or energy can travel above this speed. (There are postulated to be particles called tachyons, which can only travel faster than the speed of light. At the present time there is no evidence that these tachyons exist.)

Present theories predict that as the radius of the mass collapses, even after the black hole (non C-R) forms, the escape velocity must continue to increase proportionally. This presents theorists with a difficult dilemma. What happens when the escape velocity exceeds the fastest possible permitted speed? (How) Can matter trapped in a black hole ever manage to see the light of day again?

In addition, the present day "conventional" theories concerning black holes proclaim that: black holes can store no electrical charge. Additionally, any rotation of the mass inside the black hole will be "leaked (or coupled)" away by tunneling of hypothetical gravitational particles called gravitons.

Some present-day theories about black holes allow the mass swallowed by some smaller type black holes to be "radiated" away slowly. This is accomplished by a combination of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the quantum mechanical phenomenon called tunnelling. The process of radiating away the mass of the black hole is defined as Hawking radiation, in honor of it's creator or discoverer, Steven Hawking.

Some theories also propose to allow the mass swallowed by the black hole to find a shortcut. This path would consist of a wormhole or tunnel through the fabric of the heavens. By traversing this route, matter could escape to reappear somewhere else, or at some other time, in some other part of this universe, or in some other universe1. (Take your pick of one and or all of them. See Chapter 13, also)