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0.1.1.1.1
Transport
The contribution from transport is not large (found by performing the sensitivity analysis on each stage) as reported in the appendixes, but by removing energy consumption in the hydraulic product system, the transportation has a significant contribution to the potential impacts. The transport on raw materials and from the company to user is significantly greater than the other transport contributions. This is attributed to the fact that high quality steel is imported from USA and the final product is exported to USA and Asian countries and in the use stage, transport is a significant parameter in the product, because the product is installed in mobile applications. In this section, involved transport in all stages and their contributions are briefly discussed below: 0.1.1.1.1.1
Transport
on Raw material
All
transportation on refining and extraction of raw materials is included in the
inventory. The transportation is assumed to be by train and lorry. Data provided
by Dansteel A/S is assumed to be valid, and reported on each raw material in
appendix A, which is 1100km by train, 320km by lorry (motorway) and 80km by
lorry (highway). Finally
the sensitivity analysis is performed on the raw materials stage by reducing 25%
of transport in the model (see appendix A, chapter 5, section (5.4)), the
transport has minor contributions in the raw material stage of the
hydraulic
product system, and from the results the raw material stage’s transport
assumptions are found to be insignificant, but transport is evaluated on the
full hydraulic product system and therefore is included in the environmental
diagnosis in a later section.
0.1.1.1.1.2
Transport
on manufacturing stage
As
shown in figure
(3.12),
the raw material and semi-products are imported from different parts of the
world. The transportation on each purchased material (cast
iron and steel) and all semi products supplied by subcontractors is estimated with
respect to material/semi-product locations, which is reported in appendix
B, chapter 1 with detailed data on all parts. Finally
the importance of assumptions in the products is evaluated by performing
sensitivity analysis by reducing 25% transport assumptions in the manufacturing
stage (appendix
B, chapter 5, section (5.4.2.)).
The transport contributes very slightly to the potentials impact - although
visible, and therefore not discussed separately on the manufacturing stage in
the later sections. 0.1.1.1.1.3
Transport
on use stage
Use stage transport is large but not significant in the product. The hydraulic motor is distributed throughout most of the world. Transport to different countries is estimated on the basis of exporting data and all assumptions are reported in detail in appendix C, chapter 6. It should be noted that the hydraulic motor is 99% installed in mobile applications. The transportation during use in the ten main applications is estimated and in detail reported in appendix C, chapter 6, table (C6.4). The replaced parts transport is also included in the estimation. For details, please check appendix C, chapter 6. Finally,
the
sensitivity analysis is performed on transportation used in the use stage by
reducing 25% transportation (see appendix C, chapter 7 section (C.7.4).
Based on the results a change in transportation of 25% does not affect the
results significantly and it is not sensitive to the use stage,
therefore the use stage transport is not discussed separately in the later
sections. 0.1.1.1.1.4
Transport
on disposal stage
Transportation on disposal varies from country to country. Lorry, van, and tractor transport is assumed to be used in this study. In Asian countries bikes are also used to transport material from end user to recycling plants, but it is neglected in this study. The transport estimation is similar to Denmark, which is assumed to be applied to all main markets that are involved in this study. Transportation on different stages of the hydraulic motor is illustrated in table (3.7) (see in detail, appendix D, chapter 1, section (D.1.3).
Table (3.7): Transport on disposed material from the different stages for the hydraulic product system. Finally,
the assumed
scenario’s importance is evaluated in the hydraulic product system, which is
very small in comparison with other stages of the hydraulic product,
therefore insignificant in the product system.
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