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0.1.1.1 System BoundariesAs presented in section (3.1.2), the hydraulic motor functions with other hydraulic products i.e. diesel/other-gasoline engine or electricity motors, hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve, PVEH, drainpipes and storage drum. Each product has its own characterizations in the hydraulic system function. In this study the hydraulic motor is chosen as a reference product for the purpose of LCA analysis. As shown in figure (3.4), the case study covers the full system and function of the hydraulic motor OMV/W-800. It is important to remember that the function of the hydraulic system shown in figure (3.2), is not included in the LCA i.e. total hydraulic system efficiency, drain system type and efficiency, hydraulic pump type and efficiency and hydraulic valve and efficiency etc. It is important to remember that the hydraulic system loses 30% of its efficiency (Tom Tychsen, company supervisor), but the average 14% lost efficiency of the hydraulic motor (company literature) is included in the calculation, the remaining 16% efficiency is neglected. The study covers the hydraulic motor’s raw material stage (the refining of raw materials <in the earth>(i.e. the cradle)) to finished product (ready to use in renewed product <metal recovery and landfill or incinerate> (i.e. grave)). In others words, the study covers the full life span of the hydraulic motor from “cradle-to-grave”, which includes different stages of the lifespan of the hydraulic product i.e. raw material stage, manufacturing stage, use and disposal stage including involved transport and electrical/gasoline energy generation. It covers different qualities of steel, cast iron, rubber, plastic, corrugated board products manufacturing systems and encompasses all major upstream processes, including the production and transportation of raw materials and energy in the different stages of the product system.
Figure (3.4): Hydraulic system
boundaries overview. Detailed explanation of hydraulic motor system boundaries: ¨ LCA covers the whole product system. All the parts shown in table (3.2) used to assemble the hydraulic motor OMV/W-800, are included in the LCA, nothing has been omitted from the parts. ¨
The
raw material + semi-products cover external (outside Sauer-Danfoss) raw
material extraction and production, raw material manufacturing processes,
semi-products manufacturing processes, used ancillary substances, energy and
transportation etc. For some of the materials and processes used in the
hydraulic motor, it was not possible to generate data for all of the preceding
steps in their life, for example, rubber, plastic, resource, electricity
generation, transportation data etc. The inventory of these materials is
documented from the EDIP database. ¨ The manufacturing stage covers only Sauer-Danfoss (internal) parts manufacturing processes, used ancillary substances, electricity energy consumption and involved transportation (from subcontractors to Sauer-Danfoss). ¨ Ancillary substances for the manufacturing processes e.g. lubrication and cleaning agent, are included from Sauer-Danfoss’ own manufacturing and further the same quantity (per weight) and quality is assumed to be used for semi-products manufactured by subcontractors. The production of ancillary substances themselves is not included, as it is not possible to obtain data from the subcontractors. Furthermore, the eco-toxicity is calculated from the ancillary substances, but human toxicity is neglected from the ancillary substances in this study with respect to time and data limitations. ¨ The heavy metals during manufacturing processes are washed with processed water and flow into the wastewater after use, which are not included in the LCA. ¨ The use stage covers whole lifetime activities, including energy consumption and involved transport (from Sauer-Danfoss to end user + transport on hydraulic motor during working period). The repair and replacement of the hydraulic motor is included. ¨ Disposal stage covers recovery of recyclable metals, all incineration processes, landfill, involved transport and recycling processes. ¨
100%
gasoline energy is considered - other
types of energies are neglected in the LCA.
¨
The OMV/W-800 model is designed in five
different shapes as mentioned in the previous section (1.3). The weight
of each model varies with respect to the model, therefore OMVW-800 with tapered
shaft is considered for the present LCA (Please
note that the OMVW-800 motor is considered in the LCA, but the results can also
be used for OMV, therefore the word “OMV/W” is written everywhere in the
report, which indicates OMV and OMVW types of motors). ¨
Packaging
and transport involved in all stages is included in the in the
LCA. ¨ Working environment is not included.
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