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Home
Preface
Summary
Discussion
Conclusion
MECEEO System
Hydraulic Book
| |
For
each process that is involved in the life span of the hydraulic motor, the
exchanges with the environment are inventoried and the most significant results
in environmental terms were selected and presented in table (3.10). The
table shows which substances are exchanged with the surroundings by the
processes in the hydraulic motor’s product system, and it provides an overview
of where large quantities occur. The exchanges are summarized with the EDIP-PC
tool in resource consumptions and emissions to air and water, as waste, which
are quantified as the time per product for which the impact was assessed to
last. The exchanges for resources, emissions and wastes are expressed in grams
and kg.
|
Environmental
Exchanges
|
|
Air Emission
|
Name
|
Total Quantity
|
Raw Material Stage
|
Manufacturing stage
|
Use Stage
|
Disposal Stage
|
Unit
|
|
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
|
96.860
|
97.300
|
2.362
|
0.702
|
-3.262
|
g
|
|
Molybdenum
|
0.036
|
0.019
|
0.016
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Ammonia
|
0.138
|
0.083
|
0.007
|
0.038
|
-0.00202
|
g
|
|
Unspecified iron oxides
|
2.963
|
2.926
|
-
|
0.036
|
-
|
g
|
|
Nickel
|
1.578
|
1.824
|
0.016
|
0.007
|
-0.26510
|
g
|
|
Hydro carbons (HC)
|
112500.000
|
682.200
|
19.260
|
111800
|
-55.020
|
g
|
|
Hydrogen (H2)
|
0.019
|
0.002
|
-
|
0.01694
|
-
|
g
|
|
Hydrogen cyanide
|
8.780
|
8.780
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Mercury
|
0.039
|
0.039
|
0.0012
|
0.00017
|
-0.00186
|
g
|
|
Hydrogen fluoride
|
0.072
|
0.071
|
-
|
0.0009
|
-
|
g
|
|
Lead
|
0.206
|
0.265
|
0.006
|
0.00098
|
-0.06544
|
g
|
|
Vanadium
|
5.371
|
6.100
|
0.046
|
0.0226
|
-0.78930
|
g
|
|
Selenium
|
0.108
|
0.106
|
0.002
|
0.00025
|
0.00005
|
g
|
|
NMVOC, diesel engines
|
285300.000
|
73.560
|
5.196
|
285200
|
-7.48800
|
g
|
|
Nitric oxides (NOX)
|
1504000.000
|
10770.000
|
512.200
|
14920000
|
97.84000
|
g
|
|
Hydrogen chloride
|
194.700
|
2.331
|
0.032
|
192.800
|
-0.43710
|
g
|
|
Sulphur dioxide
|
146300.000
|
16800.000
|
412.600
|
123400
|
5710.00
|
g
|
|
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
|
133500000
|
2453000
|
89610.000
|
129900000
|
1086000
|
g
|
|
Chloride (Cl-)
|
11050.000
|
11050.000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Chromium
|
0.021
|
0.022
|
0.002
|
0.00030
|
-0.00328
|
g
|
|
Hydrogen sulfide
|
-0.207
|
1.023
|
-
|
0.00053
|
-1.23100
|
g
|
|
PAH
|
0.003
|
0.003
|
0.000
|
0.00004
|
-0.00017
|
g
|
|
Arsenic
|
0.175
|
0.174
|
0.005
|
0.00061
|
-0.00427
|
g
|
|
Carbon monoxide (CO)
|
885800.000
|
3236.000
|
57.580
|
878900
|
3515
|
g
|
|
Methane
|
15110.000
|
6442.000
|
301.800
|
8505.000
|
-99.460
|
g
|
|
Copper
|
0.359
|
0.36140
|
0.006
|
0.00076
|
-0.00801
|
g
|
|
Cadmium
|
0.023
|
0.02536
|
0.00067
|
0.00012
|
-0.00293
|
g
|
|
Unspecified particles
|
155300.000
|
1132.000
|
39.030
|
154200
|
-34.970
|
g
|
|
Unspecified metals
|
38.690
|
0.146
|
0.005
|
38.550
|
-0.01688
|
g
|
|
Zinc
|
0.864
|
1.175
|
0.029
|
0.00341
|
-0.33880
|
g
|
|
Dioxin
|
0.0001
|
0.0001
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.00000
|
g
|
|
Manganese
|
-10.440
|
20.840
|
0.021
|
0.08149
|
-31.41000
|
g
|
|
Fluoride
|
-0.00383
|
0.023
|
-
|
0.00001
|
-0.02707
|
g
|
|
Sulphate (SO4--)
|
9.966
|
9.955
|
-
|
0.0109
|
-
|
g
|
|
Resource consumption and materials
|
Manganese
|
-97.440
|
471.100
|
0.002
|
3.583
|
-572.100
|
g
|
|
Chromium
|
1646.000
|
1561.000
|
-
|
85.680
|
-0.024
|
g
|
|
Nickel
|
143.700
|
159.600
|
-
|
3.634
|
-19.500
|
g
|
|
Copper
|
48.010
|
47.120
|
-
|
0.894
|
-
|
g
|
|
Molybdenum
|
23.100
|
25.540
|
-
|
-
|
-2.435
|
g
|
|
Aluminium
|
3109.000
|
27.090
|
0.527
|
3084.000
|
-2.613
|
g
|
|
Fe (iron)
|
12550.000
|
23780.000
|
0.443
|
2739.000
|
-13970
|
g
|
|
Unspecified resources
|
153.500
|
2382.000
|
-
|
16.360
|
-2245.000
|
g
|
|
Quartz
|
195200.000
|
195800.000
|
-
|
107.300
|
-744.300
|
g
|
|
Calcium carbonate
|
22470.000
|
10490.00
|
12.950
|
56680
|
62950
|
g
|
|
Sodium chloride
|
5457.000
|
60.860
|
0.897
|
5399
|
-4.258
|
g
|
|
Uranium
|
35.520
|
35.65000
|
0.02020
|
0.08961
|
-0.21960
|
g
|
|
Unspecified biomass. Dry Matter, fuel
|
18740.000
|
18540.000
|
612.200
|
143.100
|
-425.200
|
g
|
|
Coal. ren, brćndsel
|
8537.000
|
19070.00
|
31.180
|
220.300
|
-10800
|
g
|
|
Crude oil, Raw material
|
656.000
|
433.400
|
1.156
|
358900.000
|
0.41150
|
g
|
|
Natural gas, raw material
|
303.800
|
164.500
|
-
|
139.300
|
-
|
g
|
|
Lignite. Fuel
|
261500.000
|
263000.000
|
144.400
|
458.000
|
-1973.000
|
g
|
|
Natural gas, fuel
|
2454000.000
|
81300
|
881.500
|
2379000
|
-7731.00
|
g
|
|
Coal, Fuel
|
1045000.000
|
831100
|
39510
|
192800
|
-12560
|
g
|
|
Crude oil, fuel
|
40190000.00
|
146100
|
5454
|
40050000
|
-17770
|
g
|
|
Clay
|
29260.000
|
28100
|
0.15860
|
1156
|
-0.50630
|
g
|
|
Water for hydro power
|
153600000
|
153900000
|
130400
|
1220000
|
-1642000
|
g
|
|
Unspecified water
|
56270000
|
48330000
|
28140
|
8244000
|
-302100
|
kg
|
|
Groundwater
|
198200
|
63150
|
34600
|
1671
|
98740
|
g
|
|
Surface water
|
4044
|
1289
|
706
|
34.110
|
2015
|
g
|
|
Waste
|
Slag containing manganese
|
-0.204
|
0.48990
|
-
|
0.00245
|
-0.69670
|
kg
|
|
Dust containing zinc
|
-1.040
|
|
-
|
-
|
-1.04000
|
kg
|
|
Molybdenum
|
1.656
|
0.89050
|
0.76440
|
|
-
|
g
|
|
Unspecified scrap waste
|
5.075
|
0.22660
|
-
|
0.00003
|
4.84800
|
kg
|
|
Unspecified dust containing heavy metals
|
0.694
|
0.68640
|
-
|
0.00812
|
-
|
kg
|
|
Ferriferous furnace slag
|
6.180
|
6.10400
|
-
|
0.07668
|
-0.00026
|
kg
|
|
Crude oil, raw material
|
-86.640
|
367.600
|
-
|
1.113
|
-455.300
|
g
|
|
Mineral Oil
|
2.488
|
0.97680
|
1.47200
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Boric Acid
|
14.060
|
5.53300
|
8.30600
|
0.00054
|
-
|
g
|
|
Ni (nickel)
|
0.098
|
0.01805
|
0.03557
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Silicate-ion (SiO3)
|
1.637
|
0.82330
|
0.55080
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Manganese
|
4.951
|
0.96660
|
2.04300
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Unspecified nuclear waste
|
105.100
|
105.50000
|
0.05907
|
0.26440
|
-0.65250
|
g
|
|
Unspecified bulk waste
|
378.200
|
268.00000
|
12.68000
|
104.300
|
-5.10600
|
kg
|
|
Uns. slag and ashes, energy
|
178.200
|
80.89000
|
1.99900
|
96.600
|
-0.96010
|
kg
|
|
HF in slag and ashes
|
-0.00005
|
0.00023
|
-
|
0.000
|
-0.00027
|
kg
|
|
Lead
|
-0.00023
|
0.00114
|
-
|
0.000
|
-0.00137
|
g
|
|
Indium in Waste
|
0.000
|
0.001
|
-
|
0.000
|
-0.001
|
g
|
|
Unsp. hazardous waste
|
0.0122
|
0.01227
|
0.00001
|
0.00003
|
-0.00008
|
kg
|
|
Unspecified industrial waste
|
4.958
|
4.97000
|
0.00440
|
0.01635
|
-0.03085
|
kg
|
|
Mineral waste
|
0.576
|
0.53540
|
0.01361
|
0.02787
|
-0.00606
|
kg
|
|
Unspecified chemical waste
|
0.036
|
0.03276
|
0.00090
|
0.00918
|
-0.00678
|
kg
|
|
Slag containing chromium
|
4.763
|
4.51100
|
-
|
0.25200
|
-
|
kg
|
|
Unsp. slag and ashes, incin.
|
20.610
|
6.69000
|
0.02268
|
0.05228
|
13.84000
|
kg
|
|
Emissions to water
|
Aluminium
|
0.522
|
0.50720
|
0.02414
|
0.00197
|
-0.00789
|
g
|
|
Arsenic
|
0.00086
|
0.00085
|
-
|
0.00002
|
-
|
g
|
|
Chloride
|
8189.000
|
7589.00
|
350.90
|
414.90
|
-116.40
|
g
|
|
Chromium
|
-0.0055
|
0.00000
|
-
|
0.00000
|
-0.00552
|
g
|
|
Calcium
|
0.0057
|
0.00565
|
-
|
0.00011
|
-
|
g
|
|
Sulphate
|
5038.000
|
3637.00
|
15.750
|
8.841
|
1380.00
|
g
|
|
Manganese
|
2.144
|
0.82390
|
0.69360
|
0.0023
|
-0.00789
|
g
|
|
Strontium
|
2.610
|
2.53600
|
0.12070
|
0.0098
|
-0.03944
|
g
|
|
DOC
|
9.603
|
9.75900
|
0.02091
|
0.0802
|
-0.25270
|
g
|
|
NH4-N
|
42.490
|
3.75000
|
0.02487
|
38.760
|
-0.04264
|
g
|
|
NO3-N
|
38.500
|
0.83200
|
0.001
|
38.540
|
-0.87810
|
g
|
|
Silicate-ion (SiO3)
|
91.840
|
46.18000
|
30.900
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Ethane Glycol
|
2.282
|
1.97200
|
0.310
|
-
|
|
g
|
|
Ethylene glycol
|
0.767
|
0.413
|
0.354
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Tensides
|
4.001
|
3.187
|
0.719
|
-
|
|
g
|
|
Mineral Oil
|
223.600
|
87.810
|
132.300
|
0.0076
|
-
|
g
|
|
Boric Acid
|
188.200
|
74.080
|
111.200
|
0.0072
|
-
|
g
|
|
Sodium Tetraborate
|
1.572
|
0.849
|
0.723
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Total Suspended Solid
|
139.200
|
182.500
|
0.003
|
0.023
|
-43.33000
|
g
|
|
Cyanide
|
0.257
|
-
|
-
|
0.0059
|
-0.71960
|
g
|
|
Ethanol 2-amino
|
0.422
|
0.971
|
0.422
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Total Suspended Partial
|
-39.080
|
248.600
|
-
|
0.141
|
-287.900
|
g
|
|
Hydrocarbons
|
774.600
|
3.746
|
0.111
|
771.100
|
-0.40100
|
g
|
|
Fe (iron)
|
419.600
|
422.000
|
0.279
|
0.737
|
-3.17400
|
g
|
|
Mercury
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
-
|
0.000
|
0.00000
|
g
|
|
Nickel
|
1.635
|
0.345
|
0.573
|
0.00021
|
-0.00803
|
g
|
|
Molybdenum
|
2.033
|
1.094
|
0.938
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Copper
|
-0.017
|
0.003
|
-
|
0.00005
|
-0.02030
|
g
|
|
Cadmium
|
0.00011
|
0.0019
|
-
|
0.00001
|
-0.00187
|
g
|
|
Unspecified metals
|
194.200
|
1.480
|
0.031
|
192.900
|
-0.14750
|
g
|
|
COD
|
398.000
|
11.950
|
0.052
|
386.200
|
-0.16880
|
g
|
|
Fluoride
|
1.566
|
1.522
|
0.072
|
0.00591
|
-0.02366
|
g
|
|
H+ (hydrogen ions)
|
1166.000
|
9.794
|
0.200
|
1157.000
|
-1.01200
|
g
|
|
Phosphate (PO4---)
|
0.0131
|
0.0064
|
|
0.00678
|
|
g
|
|
BOD
|
586.300
|
399.200
|
2.368
|
192.900
|
-8.22700
|
g
|
|
Unspecified organic compounds
|
0.00115
|
0.0011
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
g
|
|
Phenol
|
0.062
|
0.068
|
0.00052
|
0.00048
|
-0.00632
|
g
|
|
Lead
|
-0.00087
|
0.00016
|
-
|
0.000
|
-0.00103
|
g
|
|
Selenium
|
0.00001
|
0.00001
|
-
|
0.000
|
-
|
g
|
|
Zinc
|
0.050
|
0.056
|
0.00241
|
0.00043
|
-0.00880
|
g
|
|
Notes:
-
Means that no information is available for the life
cycle stage in question.
|
Table
(3.10): Inventory of the hydraulic motor OMV/W-800
exchanges with the environment for the entire product system.
In
order to get a clear picture of the hydraulic motor product system, each stage
of the hydraulic motor is summarized (i.e. raw material + semi products,
manufacturing stage, use stage and disposal stage), and finally the full product
is included here to illustrate its total significance, and reported in table
(3.10). It is important to remember that the “manufacturing stage”
covers only Sauer-Danfoss manufacturing processes data.
Some
values are quite high in the table (3.10). It is important to keep in
mind, that the large quantities are not necessarily the same as large
environmental impacts because the substances pose different hazard properties.
It is not necessarily the case that the exchanges result in impacts on the
environment.
In
order to understand where in the product system, the most significant
environmental impacts can occur, an impacts assessment is therefore required of
the individual exchanges in the hydraulic product system. These
exchanges are converted to potential impacts in the later section (3.3),
which express the effect that can be triggered under the right circumstances.
The
most significant quantities presented in the table are discussed here in order
to understand the attribute in the impact potentials section.
The
hydraulic motor weighs 37.636 kg plus 1.770 kg of packaging material. Resource
consumptions as shown in table (3.10) show that much larger quantities of
resources are extracted in the materials stage in order to produce the hydraulic
motor 39.400 kg (raw material used to manufacture one piece of hydraulic
motor 59.000 kg). By adding resource consumptions for the production of
materials it is seen that more than 90 kg (see MECO table (3.8)) of pure
resource are used to produce 59.000 kg materials (materials in the form of rods
and raw parts, which are extracted in the manufacturing stage), of which approx.
43.700 kg (for recycling) end up as materials in the actual product
(including packaging material). The resources used for the materials, which end
in the product, weigh less than the product material. This is attributed to the
fact that the cast iron and steel including manganese, nickel, molybdenum are
recycled materials, and that recycled materials are not ascribed as a resource
consumption of 100%, but only as a part of the resource consumption, where 80%
of the steel and cast iron is credited for renewed products and the rest is
lost. A large quantity of coal is used for the production of electricity and in
the raw material preparation processes.
The
manufacturing stage uses more that approx. 45 kg fuel during manufacturing
processes, while the use stage consumes approx. 42982 kg throughout the
hydraulic lifespan including 40050 kg of crude oil.
The
transport data on the raw material production, from refining to raw material
production, and from production of materials to manufacturing of parts by
Sauer-Danfoss, is included in the manufacturing stage and to the subcontractors
it is included in the semi-products in the raw materials + semi-products stage,
which is summarized via models in the different stages.
The
negative figures in the table (3.10) are for the disposal stage. This is
attributed to the fact that 99.99% of metals (recovered) and corrugated
cardboard (65%) are recycled, and part of the resource consumptions and the
emissions from the extraction of raw materials therefore follows them to the
next product system.
As
shown in table (3.10), the raw materials production creates large amounts
of nitric oxides, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and
hydrocarbons, which are mainly due to the raw material production processes. The
electrical energy also contributes. In the manufacturing stage, air emission is
a result of electrical energy consumption and transportation. The use stage is
the second dominant stage in the product system. The use stage creates large
amounts of nitric oxides, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide,
methane, NMVOC-diesel and hydrocarbons air emissions related to the combustion
of diesel oil.
In
emission of organic substances in the form of chemical oxygen, demand (COD) is
mainly derived from the use stage of the product system. The raw materials +
semi-products stage creates very small organic substances. The oils (ancillary
substances) emission from the manufacturing stage with the wastewater is very
small. The heavy metals emissions are significantly greater in the raw material
stage, where the production of steel and cast iron make the largest
contribution. The washed heavy metals during the
manufacturing processes are not included; they may affect the results
significantly.
The
large quantity of waste arises in the raw material stage+ semi-products stage in
the form of slag from the processes, but most of the waste produced in the raw
materials is credited in the renewed products. The large quantity of waste also
derives from the use stage of the hydraulic product system, namely 204 kg of
waste, which is the cause of large quantities of energy consumption.
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