The crowning jewel
Despite being a handsome lad, James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth, led a star-crossed life. For starters, his mom, Lucy Walter, was being shtupped by Charles II, though they weren't married. This wasn't a bad thing, except that it's not even clear whether Chuck was his real dad. Still, Lucy and the king may have married secretly, which would have made the Duke the heir to the throne. But then Lucy up and died, and his Royal Hoggishness married Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza and things got fuzzy.
James proved himself quite capable on the battlefield, and many admirers wanted to see him accede to the throne, not least because he was Protestant, while the throne's rightful heir was Charles II's brother James, a Catholic. When Charles died, brother James became king, and later on James the duke and James the king's forces met in battle. The duke's army was defeated, and he was executed at the
Tower of London.
Unluckily for the duke, the executioner, Jack Ketch, was a butcher by trade...and a big drunk. He took eight swings of the axe and still hadn't cleanly lopped off the duke's head. So, he had to get a butcher knife and finish the job.
This was one of the many stories told to me and Andrea by the
yeoman warder on our Tower of London tour. If you ever go to the tower, don't do the audio tour; go live.
The story of James Scott had an even more macabre ending. After the duke was buried, someone realized that there was no official portrait of him, so he was exhumed, his head was stitched onto his body, and he "sat" for a portrait. The court painter had a day to finish the job.
The Bloody Tower
Tower Bridge, across the Thames
The Tower campus, after a showerAfter the tour, we wandered on our own into the tower housing the Crown Jewels (the
glittery kind, not the
naughty kind). I'm not overly impressed by jewelry, but I have to say, these were spectacular. Andrea was surprised that she liked the Imperial Crown of India, since she doesn't like Indian food.
While sitting in the chapel at the end of the yeoman warder's tour, I glanced over at the walll and noticed a plaque commemorating the Royal Fusiliers. It suddenly occurred to me that one of my goals on this trip was to research my great-grandfather's military record at the National Archives at Kew. Once our tour was over, I asked Andrea if she was interested in going, and she was.
It was still early, around 12:30, so we rode about a half-hour on the Tube to Kew, located in a London suburb called Surrey (as in "Surrey down to the stoned soul picnic" or "Surrey with the Fringe on Top"). Kew is also home to the
Royal Botanic Gardens, also known as Kew Gardens (not to be confused with the neighborhood in Queens, though strikingly similar in appearance).
The
National Archives is a massive but inviting complex. From the time we entered to the time we left, we found everything easy to navigate and the staff friendly and helpful. The first thing we did was apply for readers' cards, photo IDs that are good for 3 years and entitled us to request any holding in the collection. During our brief orientation, the clerk politely added that no food or drink was allowed in the reading rooms, including the gum that Andrea and I were chewing, and that he would passing around a bin for us to deposit it into. In New York they'd say either "Spit your gum out" or, more likely, they wouldn't care. But in the archives, you're not even allowed to bring in a pen for fear that you might accidentally deface the Magna Carta.
After getting our readers' cards, we went through a secure gate upstairs to the reading rooms. I was looking for military records, so I was directed to the War Office records. At the entrance to the room is a series of kiosks where we picked up leaflets instructing us in exactly what we needed to do to find a particular record. I wanted to find the military record of my great-grandfather Samuel Mason, who, according to my mother and aunt, was in the Royal Army Medical Corps and served in the Boer War. That was all they knew about him.
I knew from previous research that Samuel was born in Tandragee, County Armagh, in 1865. Since Ireland did not become independent from Britain until 1922, Irish soldiers were considered British soldiers, and thus his military record would be at Kew. I had done some preliminary research online, so I knew which collections I wanted to look at. After some false starts, I found the paper records I wanted and, with my new reader's card, requested them online. I was assigned a seat in the reading room, and while waiting for the records I could swipe my card at a monitor on the wall and find out me where in the process my records were. The records were delivered to a locker matching my seat number within 20 minutes.
It was coming up on 3:00, and the Archives closed at 5:00. I opened the box of original paper records, and Andrea and I started sifting through them. There were strict rules about handling these very old, sometimes crumbling records, for instance, no licking your fingers to separate pages. That made things a little rough.
The stack had records of about 20 Samuel Masons, none of which matched what I knew. These record were mainly of soldiers who had been discharged dishonorably or due to injury. I didn't know whether Samuel was discharged or died in service, so I sifted through dozens and dozens of records. All dead ends.
"I'm going to have to consult a genealogy expert," I said to Andrea. "I must be missing something."
The crucial piece of information I was missing was whether Samuel was a soldier or an officer. My mother thought he had a been a corporal, but most of the records I had said "soldier." I went to the microfilm room and asked the genealogy expert what other records I might consult. I said I didn't know whether Samuel had served in World War I, but I thought he might be too old by then. She said it was rare but not impossible for men in their 50s to be in active service. She directed me to two collections that might help me: "burnt" records of officers during the First World War and records of officers discharged to pension.
I located the two microfilm reels I thought might work. As in Dublin, I couldn't figure out how to thread the microfilm reader. An elderly gentleman sitting a few readers over heard me complain to Andrea.
"Just a minute," he said brightly. "I'll be right over to help you." He came over and showed me how to thread the reader. "These bloody diagrams don't help," he said. "These arrows can mean anything." Embarrassed and grateful, I thanked him. It was coming up on 4:00 and I wasn't optimistic about finding the record.
"By the way," he said, "what military records are you looking for?"
I explained that quite honestly I didn't know, but I told him what I had looked at so far. "There's the British Army Lists," he said. I said I had looked at those, with no results. "I'm afraid you're going to have to know the regiment," he said.
He walked away, then turned around and added, "Have you looked at the WO 364 records?"
I said I hadn't but that the genealogy expert had casually mentioned them. The man explained how they were organized, since there were two sets of records. He said I should definitely look at them.
"Well, that's about it for me," the man said. "Best of luck with your search." With that, he left.
I threaded the film into the reader and started looking for Samuel Masons. Andrea left to call her friend Susan and would return in a few minutes. It was now 4:15, and I resigned myself that the chances of finding the record were pretty slim.
I flipped through about five Samuel Masons and accidentally forwarded the reader too far. I backed the film up a bit, and the record it stopped on was for a Samuel Mason born in Tandragee, County Armagh. "Regiment of service: Royal Army Medical Corps." And other things matched: his birth date, the name of my great-grandmothe, and his service in the Boer War.
I was so excited I jumped out of my chair and almost let fly a loud, "Yes!" when I saw a big sign that said, "Quiet, please." I sat down again, my heart pounding in my chest with excitement as if I had just discovered the cure for cancer. Andrea had not returned, and the elderly researcher had left. Andrea had not returned, and the elderly researcher had left.
I ran over to one of the reference librarians and asked how I could get copies of the microfilm. I was told I had to go to a different reader that has a printer attached and purchase a copying card. Andrea came back, and I grabbed her: "I found it! I found it!" I whispered loudly. I thought I was going to break into song.
The microfilm reader with a printer was equally challenging to thread. It was now almost 4:30. Finally, I got everything working and started printing out the record. There were 14 pages in all: Samuel Mason's medical history, military campaigns, enlistment and discharge papers, pension schedule, and the Holy Grail: a list of the names, birth dates, and birth places of the children he and my great-grandmother had during his service. My grandfather was one of 9 children! I knew about only one of them previously. The record also listed my great-grandfather's four brothers' names. It was a veritable goldmine of information.
I printed out the last page just as the announcement was made that the Archives was about to close. If I hadn't seen that sign at the Tower of London, it might not have jogged my memory. Getting this record was a tremendous accomplishment for me. If only I'd been able to thank that man for his help.
Later, I couldn't help thinking that Nanny M had guided that man to me. Maybe from the great beyond she wants me to find out the truth about her husband, which she could never do when she was alive. Another piece of the puzzle revealed, another key to my past unlocked, my own jewel in the crown.
Labels: england, genealogy, kew, london, travel, vacation
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