Chapter 6: Some Conclusions Derived Using the C-R Theory

Given New Assumptions, Extreme Simplicity

Using only a few, slightly modified assumptions, the C-R theory explains some very astounding events, with very simple arguments.

Matters to Consider

For many years, scientists have noticed the fact that matter in this universe seems to be made almost entirely of regular (not anti-) matter. Normal scientific procedure assumes that any theory of the universe which can give the best, simple reason for this to be so, is more likely to be true. The C-R theory does make use of the unique properties and abundance of regular matter to explain some events in eternity. We have a greater chance of being correct than other theories which must take this fact as an embarrassment and/or aberration.

Occam's Razor: Trimming Our Assumptions

or:  C-R beats Conventional theories, not just by a whisker.

The principle of Occam's Razor is this: the simplest theory, with the fewest necessary assumptions, is more likely to be found correct.

Forces: A (more than four...-gone) Conclusion

The C-R theory needs NO new (i.e., fifth or sixth) hitherto undiscovered or unknown basic forces. We need no irrational or unreasonable starting hypotheses. We do use some new revised hypotheses. Our assumptions were based almost entirely on a compatibility with the law of conservation of energy. We assumed that, any event which seemed to violate this law was impossible, and not likely to be successful. We further assumed that any event which seemed to be permissible by conservation of energy would be more likely to be correct, more likely to be real, and more probably useful to a new theory.

Blocks: Our View

One additional novelty of the C-R theory is that we have uncovered a new use, hitherto unexpected, for the basic building blocks of our universe. The C-R theory presents a very logical, highly self-organized, new use for the all abundant, already existing particles of regular matter: the everyday electrons, protons, and neutrons. That the Big Bang could be caused exclusively using these sub-atomic particles in combination with Black-Holes should add some credence to our theory. We may be wrong; our assumptions could turn out to be wrong. Why then does our theory seem to provide a practical, common-sense, straightforward explanation to some of the mysteries of the universe? Most scientists had suspected that the universe would be very difficult, if not entirely impossible to understand.

(Note: J. B. S. Haldane is often quoted as stating that the universe is not only queerer than we imagine, but that it is queerer than we CAN imagine.)

Recycling Matter: Real Conservation (of Energy)

Here is the most delightful and satisfying aspect of the C-R theory. For the first time, a possibly real, very practical method and pathway have been detected and discovered by which the universe could re-cycle itself, both partially, and totally.

By the C-R theory, conservation of energy virtually prohibits ANY significant amount of real-world tunnelling from the inside of a Black-Hole. We must conclude that the Black-Hole can only STORE energy while it remains in it's collapsed phase. The Black-Hole also sorts, consumes and then stores excess positive charges. By mass, the Black-Hole chooses the more massive protons, and proton-neutron combinations.

During the gravitational collapse, and inside the Black-Hole's Neutral zone, real-time interactions between the stored positive electrical charges are technically forbidden, and probably impossible. The positive charges still exist in every real sense. They must be in this state: frozen in real-time. They are, for all practical purposes: inactivated, unresponsive, oblivious to each other, and to all the matter-energy around them. The only thing that this matter-energy trapped inside the Black-Hole is still able to do is curve space-time, i.e., simply make gravity.

Old Theories: Their Logic Collapses

One of our conclusions, derived directly from the Law of Conservation of Energy is: The gravitational curvature produced outside the Schwarzschild radius of the Black-Hole, which is caused by the mass trapped inside of the Black-Hole, cannot decrease by ANY amount. If the gravitational curvature did decrease by even the smallest amount, then, a body orbiting around the center of mass of the Black Hole would gain a random amount of energy1.

Hence: the gravitational curvature outside the Black-Hole is forbidden to decrease. If gravity were caused by allowing hypothetical gravitational "particles" to tunnel out from the Black-Hole, gravity would decrease unless the efficiency was exactly 100%.

Opening a Can of Wormholes

If the Black-Hole was permitted to "wormhole" some of it's mass to anywhere else in any universe, the external gravity surrounding the Black-Hole would decrease, unless some very complicated energy accounting shenanigans can be performed exactly to the nearest h/v****(Greek needed here--JR)***. (This would be the maximum upper limit to the uncertainty, by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.)

Could gravity producing amounts of matter be zipped at faster than light speeds to anywhere in the universe (or beyond), and allow the wholesale preservation of Conservation of Energy to remain valid? This would be unlikely, unless matter possessed an intuitive knowledge of energy, momentum, and angular momentum disruptions, and the matter decided to correct these imbalances exactly when tunnelling took place.

Therefore, the C-R theory concludes that: The Law of Conservation of Energy does not allow such malicious mischief as the Easter-egging of mass, energy, momentum, and angular momentum by wormholes as long as there is mindless-matter in the universe. This conclusion rules out the likelihood of, if not any possibility, of ANY type of higher-dimensional wormhole/tunnel. The energy (and momentum) imbalances which would be created by "wormholing" matter thither and yon around the universe would demand a malevolent disregard of the most sacred physical laws on the part of mother nature.

From the consideration of the above principles, the C-R theory comes to another interesting, and I have no doubt: "You can't possibly be serious- or right!" conclusion.

Do You Wonder: What's in Store?

From the thought experiments which are performed in the appendix, and the observations made in the section immediately above; we must conclude the following. Having demonstrated that a Black-Hole cannot "tunnel" itself away into nothingness, and that it cannot otherwise radiate any matter-energy whatsoever from it's stored inner contents, we are lead into this next, inescapable conclusion.

A (Black) Hole-Lot of Order

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that: In every system, everywhere, energy content declines. All systems proceed from a higher energy state into a lower energy state. Events progress from a more organized state (order), to a less organized state, (disorder). There may be brief local exceptions to this, but only because of an energy input from somewhere else into the local area. The net energy content of the universe is always decreasing.

Thermodynamics: Our Second Opinion

or:  Entropy or Not Entropy; that is the Question

Here is another conclusion on the nature of the Black-Hole, based on the C-R theory:

The Black-Hole, while it is in it's energy acquiring phase, CANNOT obey the Second Law of Thermodynamics. In simpler language, the Second Law of Thermodynamics DOES NOT APPLY, and CANNOT APPLY, to ANY Black-Hole. [HINT: Maybe it's NOT really a Law, then, is it?] If a starting condition of 100% pure nothing can violate entropy by becoming a highly energetic something (our universe), then our competition already concedes that entropy can be violated.

Notice, the C-R theory still accepts that every non-Black-Hole area does obey the "Law". Our conclusion must be that, for consistency, and ruled-over by a more supreme law; i.e., the Law of Conservation of Energy, the Second "Law" of Thermodynamics does not cover Black-Holes. It never did, it never can, it never will.

If They (Black-Holes) Break the Law - Book 'em

or:  Accept the Exception

Yes, we realize that the textbooks say that the Second Law of Thermodynamics ALWAYS applies to EVERYTHING. Yes, we realize that all good Physicists and Scientists accept and believe what they've been told in school for all of their life. Yes, we realize that many people will never come around to accept or believe our conclusion on entropy as presented above, even if we could absolutely prove it to them.

Even so, if we believe that the C-R theory Conclusion "E" is true, then it should be stated. Whether some rule is believed or not, in the absolute sense, never affects its truth. Our perception of the truth may be skewered, but ultimately science must give in to a demonstrated fact, however hesitant the older generation seems to embrace the new idea.

Black-Holes Played Hooky when God gave Entropy Classes

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in every system, there is a tendency for entropy to increase. When entropy increases, reactions proceed from more energetic, to less energetic events. Randomness, overall, is supposed to increase. Objects and events proceed from order into disorder.

Certainly there are small areas where matter or energy seems to become locally more-organized, but only at the cost of an energy input taken from somewhere else. Never before has there been any seriously proposed candidate of a real event which appears to allow the Second Law of Thermodynamics to be overruled or circumvented.

Considered among all of the energy-handling phenomenon in the universe, the Black-Hole is so far, in a class by itself.

But, Wait a Second, too

Note: The author does allow that, once the contents of a Black-Hole become liberated, they are allowed to release the pent-up concentrated) energy and mass in a White-Hole phenomenon, the second law of thermodynamics does again apply.