Englishtown
Englishtown
Free
English for New Immigrants!
|
|
| Home Test Reading Stories Game eBaystore Guestbook |
Grammar
for foreigner:
ESL-52
ESL-53
Dictionary:
Contents: 8.
Connecting Ideas 9.
Comparisons 10.The
Passive
11.Cont/Noncount
Nouns and Articles
12.Ajective
Clauses 13.Gerunds and Infinitives
14.Noun
Clauses Appendix:
Phrasal Verbs Preposition Combinations
|
A-1 Phrasal Verbs: Introduction |
|
|
(a) We put off
our trip. We'll go next month instead of this month. (put
off = postpone) (b) Jimmy, put on your coat before you go outdoors, (put on = Place clothes on one's body) (c) Someone left the scissors on the table. They didn't belong there. I put them away. (put away = put something in its usual or proper place) (d) After I used the dictionary, I put it back on the shelf. (put back = return something to its original place) |
In (a): put off = a
phrasal verb. A phrasal verb = a verb and a particle that together have a special meaning. For example, put off means "postpone." A particle = a " small word" (e.g., off, on, away, back) that is used in a phrasal verb. Note that the phrasal verbs with put in (a), (b), (c), and (d) all have different meanings. |
|
(e) We put off
our trip. (f) We put our trip off (g) We put it off. |
Some phrasal verbs are
separable: a Noun Object can tighter (1) follow the particle, as in (e), or (2) come between (separate) the verb and the particle, as in (f). If a phrasal verb is separable, a Pronoun Object comes between the verb and the particle, as in (g). Incorrect: We Put off it. |
|
(h ) I ran into
Bob. (i) I ran into him. |
If a phrasal verb is
nonseparable, a Noun or Pronoun always follows
(never precedes) the particle, as in (h) and (i). Incorrect: I an Bob into. Incorrect: I ran him into. |
|
Group A: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| Figure out | find the solution to problem | I figured out the answer. |
| hand in | give homework, papers etc, to a teacher | We handed in our homework. |
| hand out | give something to this person, then to that person, then to another person, etc. | The teacher handed put the test papers. |
| look up | look for information in a dictionary, a telephone directory, an encyclopedia, etc. | I looked a word up in the dictionary. |
| make up | invent (a story) | Children like to make up stories. |
| pick up | lift | Tom picked up the baby |
| put down | stop hold or carrying | I put down the heavy packages. |
| put off | postpone | We put off our trip until next summer. |
| put on | place clothes on one's body | I put on my coat before I left. |
| take off | remove clothes from one's body | I took off my coat when I arrived. |
|
throw away throw out |
put in the trash, discard | I threw away (out) my old notebooks. |
| turn off | stop a machine or a light | I turned off the lights and went to bed. |
| turn on | start a machine or a light | I turned on the light so I could read. |
| wake up | stop sleeping | My wife woke me up at six. |
| write down | write a note on a piece of paper | I wrote his phone number down. |
|
Group B: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| call on | ask (someone) to speak in class | The teacher called on Ali. |
| come from | originate | Where do these bananas come from? |
| get over | recover from an illness or a shock | Sue got over her cold and returned to work. |
|
get off get on |
leave (enter) a bus/airplane/train/subway |
I got off the bus at
Maple Street. I got on the bus at Pine Street. |
|
get in get out of |
enter (leave) car, a taxi |
I got in the taxi at
the airport. I got out of the taxi at the hotel. |
| look into | investigate | Someone needs to look into this problem. |
| run into | meet by chance | I ran into Peter at market. |
|
Group C: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| ask out | ask (someone) to go on a date | Tom asked Mary out. They went to a movie. |
| call back | return a telephone call | I'll call you back tomorrow. |
| call off | cancel | We called off the picnic due to bad weather. |
| call up | make a telephone call | I called up my friend in New York. |
| give back | return something to someone | I borrowed Al's pen, then I gave it back. |
| hang up | hang on a hanger or a hook | I hung my coat up in the closet. |
| pay back | return borrowed money to someone | Thanks for the loan. I'll pay you back soon. |
| put away | put something in its usual or proper place | I put clean dishes away. |
| put back | return something to its original place | I put my papers back into my briefcase. |
| put out | extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette | We put out the campfire before we left . |
| shut off | stop a machine or light, turn off | I shut off my printer before I left the office |
| try on | put on clothing to see if it fits | I tried on several pairs of shoes. |
| turn down | decrease the volume | Sue turned down the music. It was too loud. |
| turn up | increase the volume | Al turned up the radio. He likes loud music. |
|
Group D: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| cross out | draw line through | I crossed out the misspelled word. |
| fill in | complete by writing in a blank space | We fill in blanks in grammar exercises. |
| fill out | write information on a from | I filled out a job application. |
| fill up | fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc. | We filled up the gas tank. |
| find out | discover information | I found out where he lives. |
| have on | wear | She has a blue blouse on. |
| look over | examine carefully | Look over your paper for errors before you hand it in. |
| point out | call attention to | The teacher pointed out a misspelling. |
| print out | create a paper copy from a computer | I finished the letter and printed it out. |
| tear down | destroy a building | They tore down the old house and built a new one. |
| tear out (of) | remove (paper) by tearing | I tore a page out of a magazine. |
| tear up | tear into small pieces | I tore up the secret note. |
|
turn around turn back |
change to the opposite direction | After a mile, we turned around/back. |
| turn over | turn the top side to the bottom | I turned the paper over and wrote on the back. |
|
Group E: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| blow out | extinguish (a match, a candle) | He blew the candles out. |
| bring back | return | She brought my books back to me. |
| bring up | (1) raise (children) (2) mention, start to talk about |
The Lees brought up
six children. He brought the news up in conversation. |
| cheer up | make happier | The good news cheered me up. |
| clean up | make neat and clean | I cleaned up my up artment. |
| give away | donate, get rid of by giving | I didn't sell my old bike. I gave it away. |
| help out | assist (someone) | Could you please help me out? |
| lay off | stop employment | The company laid off 100 workers. |
| leave on | (1) not turn off (light, a machine) (2) not take off (clothing) |
Please leave the
light on. I left my coat on at the movie theater. |
| take back | return | She took a book back to the library. |
| take out | incite out and pay | He took Mary out. They went to a movie. |
| talk over | discuss | We talked the problem over. |
| think over | consider | I thought the problem over. |
| work out | solve | We worked the problem out. |
|
Group F: Phrasal Verbs |
||
| Verb | Definition | Example |
| break down | stop functioning properly | My car broke down on the highway. |
| break out | happen suddenly | War broke out between the two countries. |
| break up | separate, end a relationship | Ann and Tom broke up. |
| come in | enter a room or building | May I come in? |
| dress up | put on nice clothes | People usually dress up for weddings. |
| eat out | eat outside of one's home | Would you like to eat out tonight? |
| fail down | fall to the ground | I fell down and hurt myself. |
| get up | get out of bed in the morning | What time did you get up this morning? |
| give up | quit doing something or quit trying | I can't do it. I give up. |
| go on | continue | Let's not stop. Let's go on. |
| go out | not stay home | Jane went out with her friends last night. |
| grow up | become an adult | Jack grew up in Sweden. |
| hang up | end a telephone conversation | When we finished talking, I hung up. |
| move in (to) | start living in a new home | Some people moved in next door to me. |
| move out (of) | stop living at a place | My roommate is moving out. |
| show up | come, appear | Jack showed up late for the meeting. |
| sit back | put one's back against a chair back | Sit back and relax. I'll get you a drink. |
| sit down | go from standing to sitting | Please sit down. |
| speak up | speak louder | I can't hear you. You'll have to speak up. |
| stand up | go from sitting to standing | I stood up and walked to the door. |
| start over | begin again | I lost count, so I started over. |
| stay up | not go to bed | I stay up late last night. |
| take off | ascend in an airplane | The plane took off 30 minutes late. |
|
A-2 There-Word Phrasal Verbs |
|
|
(a) Last night some friends
dropped in. (b) Let's drop in on Alice this afternoon. (c) We dropped in on her last week. |
Some two-word verbs (drop in) can become the three-word verbs. (drop in on) |
| In (a): drop in is not followed by an object. It is an intransitive phrasal verb. | |
| In (b): drop in on is a three-word phrasal verb. Three-word phrasal verbs are transitive. | |
| In (c): Three-word phrasal verbs are nonseparable . | |
|
Group G: Phrasal Verbs |
|
Verb |
Definition |
Example |
| drop in (on) |
visit without calling first or without an invitation |
We dropped in on my aunt. |
| drop out (of) |
stop attending (school) |
Beth dropped out of graduate school. |
| fool around (with) |
have fun while wasting time |
My son likes to fool around with his friends on the weekends. |
| get along (with) |
have a good relationship with |
I get along will with my roommate. |
| get back (from) |
return from (a trip) |
When did you get back from Hawaii? |
| get through (with) |
finish |
I got through with my work before noon. |
| grow up (in) |
become an adult |
Hamid grew up in Sweden. |
| look out (for) |
be careful |
Look out for that car! |
| run out (for) |
finish the supply of (something) |
We ran out of the gas. |
| sign up (for) |
put one's own name on a list |
Did you sign up for the school trip? |
| watch out (for) |
be careful |
Watch out for that car! |
|
Group H: Phrasal Verbs |
||
|
Verb |
Definition |
Example |
| come along (with) |
accompany |
Do you want to came along with us? |
| come over (to) |
visit the speaker's place |
Some friends are coming over tonight. |
| cut out (of) |
remove with scissors or knife |
I cut an article out of today's paper. |
| find out (about) |
discover information about |
When did you find out about the problem? |
| get together with) |
join, meet |
Let's get together after work today. |
| go back (to) |
return to a place |
I went back to work after my illness. |
| go over (to) |
(1) approach (2) visit another's home |
I
went over to the window. |
|
hung around (with) hang out (with) |
spend undirected idle time |
John
likes to hang around the coffee shop. |
| keep away (from) |
not give to |
Keep matches away from children. |
| set out (for) |
begin a trip |
We set out for our destination at dawn. |
| sit around (with) |
sit and do nothing |
You can't just sit around. Do something. |