Englishtown
Englishtown
Free
English for New Immigrants!
|
|
| Home Test Reading Stories Game eBaystore Guestbook |
Grammar for
foreigner:
ESL-52
ESL-53
Keep
Your Journal
Spelling
Rule
Dictionary:
Contents: 8.
Connecting Ideas 9.
Comparisons 10.The
Passive
11.Cont/Noncount
Nouns and Articles
12.Ajective
Clauses 13.Gerunds and Infinitives
14.Noun
Clauses Appendix: Phrasal Verbs Preposition Combinations
|
11-1 Noncount Nouns |
||
|
Individual Part = The
Whole |
Noncount nouns usually refer to a whole group of things that is made up of many individual parts, a whole category made up of different varieties. | |
|
11-2 Using Several, A Lot Of, Many/Much, and A Few/A Little |
||
| Count | Noncount | |
| (a) several chairs | Ø | Several is used only with count nouns |
| (b) a lot of chairs | a lot of furniture | A lot of is used with both count and noncount nouns. |
| (c) many chairs | much furniture | Many is used with count nouns. |
| (d) a few chairs | a little furniture |
A few is used
with count nouns. A litter is used with noncount nouns. |
|
11-3 Nouns That Can Be Count or Noncount |
||
| Noun | Used As A Noncount Noun | Used As A Count Noun |
| glass | (a) Windows are made of glass. |
(b) I drank a glass
of water. (c) Janet wears glasses when she reads. |
| hair | (d) Rita has brown hair. | (e) There's a hair on my jacket. |
| iron | (f) Iron is a metal. | (g) I pressed my shirt with an iron. |
| light | (h) I opened the curtain to let in some light. | (i) Please turn off the lights(lamps). |
| paper | (j) I need some paper to write a letter. |
(k) I wrote a paper
for Professor Lee. (I) I bought a paper(a newspaper). |
| time | (m) How much time do you need to finish your work? | (n) How many times have you been in Mexico? |
| work | (o) I have some work to do tonight. | (p) That painting is a word of art. |
| coffee | (q) I had some coffee after dinner. | (f) Two coffees, please. |
|
chicken/ fish |
(s) I ate some chicken/some dish. | (t) She drew a picture of a chicken/a fish. |
| experience | (u) I haven't had much experience with computers.(I don't have much knowledge or skill in using computer.) |
(v) I had many interesting experiences on my trip. (Many interesting events happened to me on my trip.) |
|
11-4 Using The or Ø With Names |
|
|
(a) We met
Ø
Mr. Wang. I know Ø Doctor Smith. Ø President Rice has been in the news. |
The is NOT
used with titled names. Incorrect: We meet the Mr. Wang. |
| (b) We lives in Ø Europe. |
The is NOT
used with the name of countries. Incorrect: He lives in the Europe. |
|
(c) He lives in
Ø
France. Ø Brazil is a large country. Have you ever been in Ø Thailand? (d) He lives in the United States. The Netherlands is in Europe. Have you ever been in the Philippines? |
The is NOT
used with the name of most countries. Incorrect: He lives in the France. The is used in he name of only a few countries. Others: the Czech Republic, the United Arab Emirates, the Dominican Republic. |
|
(e) He lives in
Ø
Paris. Ø New York is the largest city in the United States. Have you ever been in Ø Istanbul? |
The is NOT
used with the name of cities. Incorrect: He lives in the Paris. |
|
(f) The Nile
River is long. They crossed the Pacific Ocean. The Yellow Sea is in Asia. (g) Chicago is on Ø Lake Michigan, Ø Lake Titicaca lies on the border between Peru and Bolivia. |
The is used
with the name of rivers, oceans, and seas. The is NOT used with the name of lakes. |
|
(h)
WE hiked in the Alps. |
The is used with the name of mountain ranges. The is NOT used with the name of individual mountains. |
|
11-5 Capitalization |
|
|
1. The first word of a sentence |
(a) We saw a
movie last night. It was very good. |
| 2. The names of people | (b) I met George Adams yesterday. |
| 3. Titles used with the names of people |
(c) I saw Doctor
(Dr.) Smith. Do you know Professor Alston? |
| 4. Months, days, holidays | (d) I was born in April. |
|
5. The names of places: city state/province country continent ocean lake river mountain desert school business street building park, zoo |
(e) He lives in Chicago. She lives in California. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean. I go to the University of Florida. We have class in Ritter Hall. |
| 6. The name of courses | (f) I'm taking Chemistry 101 this term. |
|
7. The titles of books {Capitalize all other words except articles (the, a/an), coordinating conjunctions (and, but ,or), and short prepositions (with, in at)} |
(g) Gone
with the Wind (Capitalize the fist word of a tile.) The Old Man and the Sea |
| 8. The names of languages and nationalities |
(h) She speaks Spanish. We discussed Japanese customs. |
| 9. The names of religions | (i) Buddism, Christianity, Hinduism. |