EARTHQUAKES RESISTANT STRUCTURES & MORE !

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Nature of
Quakes

Occurrence
& Predictions

Tectonics &
Monitoring

Damage &
Precautions

Historical

Analysis

Design

Tall &
High Rise

Special
Structures

Specific
Problems

Structural
Crashworthiness

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2002 . 2003 . 2004 . 2005 . 2006 . 2007 . 2008

2002:

  • A normal year for seismic activity and more than 20,000 deaths reported this year. Most have been due to poor structural engineering and bad location in terms of stability of soil layers.

  • Predictions of a big quake in the north, north east of Indian Subcontinent.

  • Going by the very large number of improperly constructed buildings it does seem that loss of life will definitely be involved before people and authorities begin to appreciate the value of a good design.

  • top

2003:

  • Water bodies are likely to be affected more and more and cause some of the worst disasters due to earthquakes and such activities in the months to come this year.

  • Unexpected tectonic activity on a global scale is likely to get localized and become severe.

  • Rare shaking characteristics of the crustal movements is likely.

  • Asian continent, especially towards NE of Indian sub continent is likely to attract much and strong geological movements.

  • top

2004:

  • This year a lot of volcanic activity is expected.

  • There will be tidal waves and under sea eruptions too.

  • Codification and data bases will see some changes. Rules and regulations may be enforced more seriously.

  • Areas around Turkey, Iran, Far East, West of Americas - are most likely to be affected.

  • Activities that are expected during different times of the year are tabulated below:.

1 Jan

to

16 Jan

Activity level high, Intensities high. Destruction will cause disruptions to journeys.

to

8 Feb

Activity level infrequent. Intensities high. Improperly designed and poorly constructed structures suffer. Cessation of activites.

to

2 Apr

Activity which is prolonged and unpredicted. Intensities will be deep placed. May hurt planning and cause dislocations.

to

19 May

Large movements. Upflow of ground waters, etc. A time when preparedness will be present, still loss of lives may take place. Coastal areas may be more hurt. Oil rigs could be damaged.

to

16 Jul

Crustal movements will be more involved. Two to three triggers in the month. Loss of property noticeable.

to

8 Sep

Triggering of many new movements. Financial losses may be seen. Night time activity Asian regions will be affected more.

to

29 Sep

Further activities from the earlier triggers. Loss of lives is very likely. European and Asian regions may be more affected..

to

29 Nov

Regions where ground water could come up. Separating faults may show more activity. Establishment centers and developed areas may be more affected.

to

17 Dec

Volcanic and high intensity activities may be present. Regions where geysers and the like are present may be affected more.

to

31 Dec

Discomfort creating situations may arise often. Deaths too may be reported.

2005:

 

  • Variational processes will cause stressed and differential conditions. This could include magnetic fields, gravitational pulls, temperature variations, tidal pressures, etc. Formation of new faults, fissures and openings is likely.

  • Eruptive processes will be present along with the separative conditions. Molten and steam like eruptions could be quite prominent. Fall of water table in lakes and reservoirs is likely to play a role.

  • Many a traditional ideas will be laid aside in favor of the observations and experiences. Assertion of experimental observations and conclusions is likely.

  • Places  in and aside Atlantic, Middle East/ Turkey and, the Far East/ Pacific Rim areas are most likely to be affected. The worst incidents may be in and around Europe and Far East. Deaths in the Far East and Pacific Rim areas may be largest.

  • Well off and populated areas may be affected much. Warnings, displacements and destructions should be present.

  •  

  • 1 Jan

    to

    15 Jan

    Destruction of buildings and infrastructure is likely with high cost. Chances of much news making levels and manners. Middle East more so.

    to

    6 Feb

    Close to shore epicenters and activities. More disruption than damage. Large claims for losses. Some deaths. India to Far East, more so.

    to

    30 Mar

    Generally high activity which will leave very long term impacts. Deaths may be present. Displacements and relocations will be present. Populated high tech areas could be involved. Americas more so.

    to

    18 May

    Kind of happenings which would call for activities related to repairs, rebuilding, etc. Infrastructural damage to high value locations and structures being involved. Middle East to Asia, more so.

    to

    15 Jul

    High energy releases are very likely. Death and destruction in it's wake is likely. Period when volcanic type or eruptions are strong. Americas and Middle East areas, more so.

    to

    6 Sep

    Waves, geysers, etc. related/ type or phenomena are rather likely. It could even result in some transportation and communications breakdowns. Some coasts of Americas and Asia, more so.

    to

    27 Sep

    This short period could bring one or two strong incidents, which could result in small communities being nearly wiped out. Asia to Far East, more so.

    to

    27 Nov

    When unexpected phenomena involving numerous natural features or even faults will play a role together to create problems. Here the emphasis may be on few rather destructive phenomena, and many which will release much energy. Americas and South East Asia, more so.

    to

    15 Dec

    Shake up in the areas where such phenomena occur with very low probability. Some property damage is likely. A little spewing activity could also be heard of.

    to

    31 Dec

    Activity in the Far East and Pacific Rim areas, more so. Some destruction due to flows and heavy afterwards activity.

2006:

 

  • Sudden spewing will be present. Some blow outs of oil or such materials are also likely. Cavitations.

  • Trapped pockets, heating and explosive outcomes are likely to create incidents.

  • Combination of gravitational alignment, high temperatures, and natural fault presence will cause a big event.

  • It seems that disturbed underlying or other water and other liquid/ liquefied bodies will play an important role and such locations should therefore be in focus too. A coming together of pockets.

  • Deaths should be most reported from the American continent and/ or European regions.

  • The European earthquake. The American quake or eruption. The South East Asian fault movement. The disaster in the Indian sub-continent.

  • Regions where there are no regulations, and/or they are not properly implemented and/or things may happen above the levels provided for.

  • Places where city centers are well defined and sort of separated from the suburbs or outlying areas, and where reach of media and communications is good.

  • More destruction than deaths.

1 Jan

to

19 Jan

Previously weakened or disturbed locations will see medium sized events resulting in damage which could tend to be rather expensive. Underlying water bodies or water reservoirs could be involved. Some activity in West Asia and South East Asia. Most loss in areas around Indian subcontinent.

to

10 Feb

Destructive energies are likely to be released with some ferocity, and could cause much loss and damage. Larger structures and larger ferocity with small number of after events. Transportation systems and structures could be affected. Activity could be heard from around Europe, Indian subcontinent. Worst may be South East Asia.

to

4 Apr

Events related to plate tectonics. Element of surprise, where warning signals are not clear though present. Peak may not be extreme but duration could be long. Destruction is likely including deaths. South East Asia and Far East. Some events in America.

to

22 May

Few medium intensity occurrences. Indian subcontinent area may be in focus. Casualties are likely. There is also the likelihood of some intense activity in areas in and around the Pacific/ west coast of America.

to

19 Jul

On shore and offshore activity. Volcanic and spewing activity. Europe and around and South East Asia. Intensities and damage could be high.

to

10 Sep

Less explosive incidents, where evacuation of materials is likely. Also, when earlier movement of faults is likely to be adjusted to. Effects of heating of entrapped fluids is likely. Areas of West Asia may be more active.

to

1 Oct

Widening and separation of faults is likely. Americas may be more likely to be active. On and around New Moon/ Full Moon times may be more likely. Damage to buildings is  also likely.

to

1 Dec

Deaths could be reported in larger numbers. Collapses are likely. Volcanic activity is also likely. Large magnitude displacements are possible. Very dormant areas are likely to be affected. South East Asia.

to

19 Dec

After shocks and after effect activity causing damage. Casualties likely. Spewing possible. South East Asian areas may be more in focus. Areas of west coast of America are also likely to exhibit increased activity.

to

31 Dec

Similar to volcanic activity is possible. Populated areas affected. That described for the beginning of the year are applicable here too. Possibility of a big event.

2007:

 

  • Losses. Lives. Property. Wealth. Rebuilding. Property damage. Buried under debris. More injuries than deaths.

  • Extreme conditions. Release of high pressure. Explosive expulsion. Copious flows.

  • Proximity of fissures and expulsions.

  • Chain reaction type of situations.

  • South East Asia. Occurrence in locations some distance from populated. On land.

  • Indian subcontinent. Bordering dry and wet.

  • West Europe - uncharacteristic intensities. Some sort of flows could be involved.

  • Central Pacific-flowing/moving.

  • Loss of lives in Americas - large plots or areas.

  • Two distinct type of occurrences. Which could get linked.

1 Jan

to

14 Jan

Severe damage and situations can arise. Interface of liquid and solid is likely. Damage to property and loss of life is likely. Burns and such affects. Closing/ sliding faults. South East Asia more in focus.

2008:

 

  • The destructive propensities of Nature could be rather harsh and seem to be unrelenting.

  • There will loss of life in violent manners in sophisticated and developed places, still the number of fatalities should not be on the higher side.

  • The Atlantic and the Pacific fault locations are more likely to be active.

  • Europe and African areas are likely to be affected too.

  • Focus of energy release may still be the South East Asia.

  • Fatalities in the western areas of Americas are more likely.

  • Water bodies in general may be less disturbed. Tidal effects and lunar effects may be not associated.

  • Strong movement of molten materials may be involved.

  • Buildup of high temperatures may be present.

  • Location of faster moving fault lines.

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