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TERMS REL RELATING TING TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY A B C D E F G H I j k L M N O P
F Fat An animal or vegetable oil which will combine with an alkali to saponify and form a soap. FFV Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Fiber Grease A grease with a distinctly fibrous structure, which is noticeable when portions of the grease are pulled apart. Filler (lubricants) Any substance, such as talc, mica or various powders, which may be added to a grease to make it heavier in weight or consistency, but which serves no useful function in making the grease a better lubricant. (Editor’s note: Such filler may also be added to certain lubricating oils or other lubricants). Film Strength The property of an oil which enables it to maintain an unbroken film on lubricated surfaces under operating conditions, where otherwise there would be scuffing or scoring of the surfaces. Fire Point The lowest temperature at which, under specified conditions in standardized apparatus, a petroleum product vaporizes sufficiently rapidly to form above its surface an air-vapor mixture which burns continuously when ignited by a small flame. Fire Point Test (COC) (see Cleveland open-cup tester) Flash Point The lowest temperature at which vapors arising from the oil will ignite momentarily (i.e., flash) when exposed to a flame. Flash Point Test (COC) (see Cleveland open-cup tester) Flash Point Test (Pensky-Martens closed tester) A method of test for the determination of the flash point of liquid fuels flashing below 175°F, with the exception of fuel oils. Flash Point (Tag closed-cup tester) A method of test for the determination of the flash point of liquid fuels flashing below 175°F, with the exception of fuel oils. Floc Point The temperature at which wax or solids separate in an oil. Foam An agglomeration of gas bubbles separated from each other by a thin liquid film which is observed as a persistent phenomenon on the surface of a liquid. Four-Ball Tester This name is frequently used to describe either of two similar laboratory machines, the Four- Ball Wear Tester and the Four-Ball EP Tester. These machines are used to evaluate a lubricant’s anti-wear qualities, frictional characteristics or load carrying capabilities. It derives its name from the four ½ inch steel balls used as test specimens. Three of the balls are held together in a cup filled with lubricant while the fourth ball is rotated against them. Fretting Corrosion A special case of fretting in which one or more of the surfaces, or the wear particles therefrom, react with their environment. Mechanical wear initiates fretting, then chemical action or “corrosion” results from the exposure of virgin metal surface to the air. Front-end Volatility A term applied to the volatility of the lower boiling fractions of gasoline. Fuel Sensitivity The response of a motor fuel to the change in engine severity between the operating conditions of the ASTM Research Method (D 908) and ASTM Motor Method (D 357); numerically equal to the difference between the Research and Motor octane numbers. FZG Test A German gear test for evaluating EP properties.
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