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TERMS REL RELATING TING TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY A B C D E F G H I j k L M N O P B Barrel A unit of liquid measure comprised of 42 gallons. It is used to measure quantities of crude oil gasoline and fuel oils. Batch Any quantity of material handled or considered as a unit in processing. Bentonite The mineral montmorillonite, a magnesiumaluminum silicate. It is used as a treating agent also, as a component of drilling mud, and in greases. Benzene Colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C 6H6, with onering of carbon atoms. Made from coal tar and by catalytic reforming of naphthenes, it is used in the manufacture of phenol, styrene, nylon, detergents, aniline, phthalic, anhydride, biphenyl, nitrobenzene, chlorbenzene; as a solvent; and as a component of high-octane gasoline . Benzene Insoluble That portion of the normal pentane insoluble in used lubricating oils which is not soluble in benzene, and which may include the insoluble contaminants from external sources, some matter produced by oxidation and thermal decomposition of the oil, the oil additives or the fuel. (ASTM Method D 893) . BlendingThe process of mixing lubricants or components for the purpose of obtaining the desired physical and/or chemical properties (see compounding ) . Bloom Fluorescence is the color of an oil by reflected light which could differ from its color by transmitted light. Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance boils, or is converted into vapor by bubbles forming within the liquid; it varies with pressure. Bottoms The liquid which collects in the bottom of a vessel (tower bottoms, tank bottoms), either during a fractionating process or while in storage. Boundary Lubrication The state of lubrication when conditions exist that do not permit the formation of a lubricant film capable of completely separating the moving parts. Bright Stock Refined, high viscosity base oils usually made from residual stocks by suitable treatment, such as a combination of solvent extraction, propane asphating or catalytic dewaxing. British Thermal Unit (BTU) The quantity of heat required to raise, by 1°F, the temperature of one pound of water at its maximum density (39.2°F). BS&W The material which collects in the bottom of storage tanks, usually composed of oil, water and foreign matter. Also called bottoms, or bottom settling and water. BTC British Technical Council Bunker “C” Fuel Oil A heavy residual fuel oil used by ships and large-scale heating installations. The United States Navy calls it “Navy heavy”; in industry, it is often referred to as No. 6 fuel.
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