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TERMS REL RELATING TING TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY A B C D E F G H I j k L M N O P API Gravity An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API. It may be calculated in terms of the following formula: Deg API = 141.5 -131.5 sp gr 60°F/60°F Apparent Viscosity The ratio of shear stress to rate of shear of a non-Newtonian fluid such as lubricating grease, calculated from Poiseuille’s equation and measured in poises. The apparent viscosity changes with changing rates of shear and temperature and must, therefore, be reported as the value at a given shear rate and temperature (ASTM Method D1092). Aromatic Derived from, or characterized by, the presence of the benzene ring. ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations Ash Content The percent by weight of residue left after combustion of an oil sample (ASTM Method D 482). ASLE American Society of Lubrication Engineers. This society is now known as the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE). The ASLE had published standards for machine tool lubricants. Asphalt Black to dark-brown solid or semisolid cemetitious material which gradually liquefies when heated and in which the predominating constituents are bitumens. These occur in the solid or semisolid form in nature; are obtained by refining petroleum; or are combinations with one another or with petroleum or derivatives thereof. Asphaltic Essentially composed of, or similar to, asphalt; frequently used to describe lubricating oils derived from crude oils which contain asphalt. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM Colorimeter Apparatus widely used for determining the color of lubricating oils (ASTM Method D 1500). The color so determined is known as ASTM color. ASTM Distillation A distillation test made on such products as gasoline and kerosene to determine the initial and final boiling points (ASTM Method D 86). ASTM Gum Test An analytical method for determining the amount of existing gum in a gasoline; by evaporating a sample from a glass dish on an elevated-temperature bath (ASTM Method D 381 and ASTM Method D 525). ASTM Melting Point The temperature at which wax first shows a minimum rate of temperature change. It is also known as the English melting point. ASTM Viscosity Classification A method of specifying viscosity levels for industrial lubricants. It does not denote quality. ATC Technical Committee of the Petroleum Additive Manufacturers ATIEL Association Technique de I’Industrie Europeene des Lubrifiants Auto-ignition The spontaneous ignition, and the resulting very rapid reaction, of a portion or all of the fuel-air mixture in an engine. The flame speed is many times greater than that which follows normal spark ignition. The noise associated with it is called knock. Aviation Method A method for determining the knock-limited power, under lean-mixture condition, of fuels for use in spark-ignition aircraft engines (ASTM Method D 614).
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