MY 11 TRISECTION APPROXIMATION METHODS Pg. 65
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FIG. 12
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1.
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FIG. 12 is a quarter
circle showing 3Æ and its sub angles Æ with all
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| Pg. 66
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relevant horizontal and vertical lines displayed.
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2.
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All distances are measured from the outside edge as indicated by
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the direction of the arrow in question, as shown in FIG. 12, above
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3.
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Below in FIG. 13 path R1 can be described as follows:
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1.
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FIG. 13 is a
quarter circle showing 3Æ and its sub angles Æ with
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all
relevant lines displayed, as shown below.
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2.
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All distances represent the element it breaks as a unit or ended by
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an X at an intersect, as shown by FIG. 13 below.
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3.
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FIG. 13, below, disproves NICOMEDES' theory for his
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CONCOID OF
NICOMES' function:
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R1/R = 2/3 + N/(3cos3Æ) with 1 < R1/R < 2.
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It is really R1/R << 1; proof given below.
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FIG. 13
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DESCRIPTION OF FIG. 13: (cont'd)
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3.
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R1 = ML + LO = 2a + (2m - 1) = 2a + (1 - 3a) = 1 - a
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R1 = ML + LO = (2/3)CL + (2m - 1)
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R1/CL = (2/3) + (n/cosÆ)/CL
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Since cos3Æ < cosÆ and CL < 3
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Thus R1/CL < (2/3) + n/(3cos3Æ) = 2/3 + 1/3 = 1
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But R > CL thus R1/R << R1/CL < 1
[my proof VOILA!]
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with CL ¹ 0, CL < 1, R = 1, and n = cos3Æ.
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1.
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FO/CO = FO/1 = GO/JO = HO/LO = cosÆ = m/q = n/(2m - 1)
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2.
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HO = n = cosÆ(2m - 1) = m(2m - 1)/q
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3.
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LO =
(2m - 1) =
n/cosÆ =
cos3Æ/cosÆ =
1 - 4sin2Æ =
1 - 4p2
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4.
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GO/DO = GO/1 = cos2Æ = m = cos2Æ - sin2Æ
[from CRC TABLES]
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GO = m =
cos2Æ =
1 - 2sin2Æ =
1 - 2p2
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GO = m = cos2Æ = 2cos2Æ - 1 = 2m2/q2 - 1
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5.
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HO/EO = HO/1 = cos3Æ = n = cosÆ(1 - 4sin2Æ)
[from CRC TABLES]
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HO = n = cos3Æ = cosÆ(4cos2Æ - 3) = (m/q)(4(m/q)2 - 3)
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n =
cosÆ(2cos2Æ - 1) =
(m/q)(2m - 1) =
(1 - p2)½ (1 - 4p2)
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6.
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FC/CO = FC/1 = sinÆ = p
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7.
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GO = m =
1 - 2sin2Æ =
1 - 2p2 =
qn/(2m - 1)
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or (2m - 1) = qn/m or 2m2 - m - qn = 0
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2p2 = 1 - m
also 4p2 = (1 - m)2 + (2pm/q)2
[AD2 = AG2 + GD2 = CE2]
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| Pg. 70
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(2m - 1) = 1 - 4p2
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(2m + 1) = 3 - 4p2
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(2m + 1)(2m - 1) = 4m2 - 1 = 3 - 16p2 + 16p4
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m2 = 1 - 4p2 + 4p4
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1 - m2 = 4p2(1 - p2)
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4p2 = (1 - m2)/(1 - p2) = (1 - m)(1 + m)/[(1 - p)(1 + p)]
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8.
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HO = n =
cosÆ(1 - 4sin2Æ) =
(1 - p2)½(1 - 4p2) =
m(1 - 4p2)/q
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9.
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GD/DO = GD/1 = sin2Æ = 2sinÆcosÆ)
[from CRC TABLES]
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GD = sin2Æ = 2pn/(2m - 1) = 2pn/q = 2p(1 - p2)½
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10.
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HE/EO = HE/1 = sin3Æ = sinÆ(3 - 4sin2Æ)
[from CRC TABLES]
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HE = sin3Æ = sinÆ(4cos2Æ - 1) = sinÆ(2cos2Æ + 1) = p(2m + 1)
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HE = p(4m/q - 1) = p(4n/(2m - 1) - 1) = p(3 - 4p2)
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(m + 1) =
2(1 - p2) =
2cos2Æ =
2m2/q2 =
2n2/(2m - 1)2
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| Pg. 71
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(m - 1) =
-2p2 =
2(cos2Æ - 1) =
2(m2/q2 - 1)
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(m - 1)(m + 1) =
m2 - 1 =
-4p2(1 - p2)
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cosÆ =
n/(2m - 1) =
(m + 1)½/2½ =
(1 - p2)½ =
(1 - sin2Æ)½
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11.
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sin3Æ/sinÆ = 3 - 4sin2Æ = 4cos2Æ - 1
[from CRC TABLES]
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sin3Æ/sinÆ = 3 - 4p2 =
2m + 1 =
4(m/q)2 - 1
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2p =
p(2m + 1) - p(2m - 1) =
sin3Æ - tanÆcos3Æ
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(2m - 1) = n/cosÆ = cos3Æ/cosÆ =
1 - 4sin2Æ =
1 - 4p2
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4m =
sin3Æ/sinÆ + cos3Æ/cosÆ = (2m + 1) + (2m - 1)
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2 =
sin3Æ/sinÆ - cos3Æ/cosÆ = (2m + 1) - (2m - 1)
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See [MY KLAUSIAN TRI-FOCUS COSINE LAW on Pg. 39]
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12.
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n =
(2m - 1)cosÆ =
(2m - 1)(1 - p2)½
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n =
(1 - 4p2)(1 - p2)½
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n2 =
1 - 9p2 + 24p4 - 16p6
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| Pg. 72
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2n2 =
(m + 1)(2m - 1)2 =
4m3 - 3m + 1
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2n2 =
4(1 - 2p2)3 - 3(1 - 2p2) + 1
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13.
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[PROPERTY OF A CIRCLE: any vertical segment, above the
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diameter, squared equals the product of the left and right segments
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on the diameter - THEOREM.]
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i. p2 =
(1 - m/q)(m/q + 1) =
(1 - m2/q2)
[FC2 = AF(FO + 1)]
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ii. (2pm/q)2 =
(1 - m)(m + 1) =
(1 - m2)
[GD2 = AG(GO + 1)]
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iii. p2(2m + 1)2 =
(1 - n)(n + 1) =
1 - n2
[HE2 = AH(HO + 1)]
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14.
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HE = HL + LE =
HL + p(2m - 1) = sin3Æ
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HE = p(2m + 1) - p(2m - 1) = 2p
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15.
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Let FH = 3e = cosÆ - n =
n/(2m - 1) - n =
2n(1 - m)/(2m - 1)
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FH = 3e = cosÆ - n =
(1 - p2)½ - (1 - 4p2)(1 - p2)½
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FH = 3e = 4p2(1 - p2)½ = 2sinÆsin2Æ, see DEFH above
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| Pg. 73
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1 - m2 =
4p2(1 - p2) =
[(3e)/(2p)]2 =
2.25(e/p)2
[a UNIT CIRCLE]
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16.
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Let CL = 3a = 1 - (2m - 1) = 2(1 - m) = 4p2, see DCFO above
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Let CM = CL/3 = a =
e/cosÆ =
eq/m =
4p2/3
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17.
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Let FE = 3b and
9b2 =
(m/q - n)2 + (p(2m + 1))2
[FE2 = FH2 + HE2]
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see DEFH above.
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18.
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Let HE = 3h = p(2m + 1) =
sin3Æ =
p(1 - 4p2)
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Let QM = HE/3 = h =
p(2m + 1)/3 =
p(1 - 4p2)/3
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19.
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[ TRIANGLE RATIO LAW]
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In DGJO:
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GJ/HL : GO/HO : JO/LO :
pq/(p(2m - 1)) :
m/n =
q/(2m - 1)
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In DGDO:
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GD/HK : GO/HO : DO/KO :
(2pm/q)/(2pn/q) :
m/n =
1/(n/m)
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| Pg. 74
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In similar DFCM & DMEL:
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ME/FM = ML/CM = LE/FC = 2b/b = 2a/a = 2p/p = 2
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In DEFH:
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FE/FM = FH/FQ = HE/QM = 3b/b = 3e/e = 3h/h = 3
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In DPFO & DCFO:
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OP/QM = FO/FQ = s/h = (n + 3e)/e or
OP = s = h(n + 3e)/e
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1/QM = 1/FC + 1/OP = 1/h = 1/p + 1/s
[from FOCUS FORMULA]
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or OP = s = ph/(p - h) =
p(p(3 - 4p2)/3)/(p - (p(3 - 4p2)/3))
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s/h = (n + 3e)/e =
(1 + p2)½/e or
s = (3 + n/e)h
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n/e =
s/h - 3 =
1/(1 - h/p) - 3
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n/e =
(3h - 2p)/(p - h) =
(1 - 4p2)(1 - p2)½/
(4p2(1 - p2)½/3)
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n/e =
3(1 - 4p2)/(4p2) =
.75p-2(1 - 4p2)
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or OP = s =
(2p + p(2m - 1))(1 + p2)½/((1 - 4p2)(1 - p2)½)
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| Pg. 75
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s =
(2p + p(2m - 1))/(1 - 4p2) =
(2p + p(1 - 4p2))/(1 - 4p2)
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p/h =
(3e + n)/(2e + n) =
cosÆ/(2e + n)=
(3 + n/e)/(2 + n/e)
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20.
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(3b)2 =
p2(2m + 1)2 + (3e)2 =
p2(3 - 4p2)2 + (4p2(1 - p2)½)2
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(3b)2 =
p2(3 - 4p2)2 + 16p4(1 - p2) =
9p2 - 8p4 =
p2(9 - 8p2)
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b =
p(9 - 8p2)½/3 =
p(4m + 5)½/3
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21.
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Let AF = x = 1 - cosÆ = 1 - m/q = n/(2m - 1) = 1 - (1 - p2)½
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22.
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Let QG = y = 2e + n - m = 4sinÆsin2Æ/3 + cos3Æ - (1 - 2sin2Æ)
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QG = y = 2(4p2(1 - p2)½)/3 +
(1 - 4p2)(1 - p2)½ -
(1 - 2p2)
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y = (1 - p2)½)(8p2/3 +
1 - 4p2) -
(1 - 2p2)
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23.
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FG = FQ + QG = e + y = cosÆ - cos2Æ
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FG = m/q - m =
(1 - p2)½ -
(1 - 2p2)
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24.
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ÐFEH = b = sin-1(e/b) =
sin-14p[(1 - p2)/(9 - 8p2)½]
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b = tan-1(e/h) =
tan-14p[(1 - p2)/(1 - 4p2)½]
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| Pg. 76
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b = tan-1(e/h) =
tan-1(2sin2ÆsinÆ/sin3Æ)
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b = cos-1(h/b) =
cos-1[(3 - 4p2)/(9 - 8p2)½]
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a2 = p2 + b2 - 2pbcosb
[COSINE LAW]
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b = cos-1[(p2 + b2 - a2)/(2pb)]
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b = cos-1(p2 + p2(9 - 8p2)/3 - 16p4/3)
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b = cos-1(4p2(1 - 2p2))
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b = cos-1(2m(1 - m))
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e2 = b2 + h2 - 2bhcosb
[COSINE LAW]
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b = cos-1[(b2 + h2 - e2)/(2bh)]
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b =
cos-1[(p2(9 - 8p2)/9 +
p2(1 - 4p2)2/9 -
16p4(1 - p2)/9)/(2(p(9 - 8p2)½/3)(p(1 - 4p2)/3))]
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b = cos-1[p(9 - 32p2 + 32p4)/
(6(9 - 8p2)½
(1 - 4p2))]
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tanb =
1 - [1/(2m(1 - m))]½ =
(3e + n)/s
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tanb = e/h =
3e/(p(2m + 1))
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| Pg. 77
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25.
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Let BT = z = 1 - 3h = 1 - p(3 - 4p2)½ =
1 - p(2m + 1)
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26.
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In similar DCFM & DMPO:
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s/p = (2a + 2m - 1)/a = (2b + EP)/b = (3h + TP)/p
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EP = b(2m - 1)/a = p(9 - 8p2)½(1 - 4p2)/(4p2/3)
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EP = .75(9 - 8p2)½(1 - 4p2)/p and TP=s - 3h
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27.
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In DFPO & DEPT:
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sq/m = TP/n or TP = sqn/m thus s - 3h = sqn/m
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s = 3h/(1 - qn/m) = 3h/(1 - 2m + 1) = 3h/(2(1 - m))
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s = .75h/p2 = (2m + 1)/(4p) = (3 - 4p2)/(4p) = (.75/p) - p
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TP =
s - 3h = 3h/4p2 - 3h =
3h(1 - 4p2)/(4p2)
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TP =
(3 - 4p2)(1 - 4p2)/(4p) = s(1 - 4p2)
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TP = (1 - 13p2 + 16p4)/(4p)
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28.
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3e =
cosÆ - n =
n/(2m - 1) - n =
n(2 - 2m)/(2m - 1)
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| Pg. 77a
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28.
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3e =
2sinÆsin2Æ =
3sin2ÆcosÆ =
4p2(1 - p2)½
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(3e)2 = (3b)2 - (3h)2
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29.
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3h = sin3Æ =
sinÆ(2sin2Æ + 1) =
p(2m + 1) = p(3 - 4p2)
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(3h)2 =
(3b)2 - (3e)2
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30.
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(3b)2 =
p2(2m + 1)2 + (n/(2m - 1) - n)2 =
9p2 - 8p4
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3b =
p(9 - 8p2)½ =
p(4m + 5)½
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(3b)2 =
(3h)2 + (3e)2
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31.
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4p2 =
4sin2Æ =
1 - cos3Æ/cosÆ =
3 - sin3Æ/sinÆ
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4p2 =
4(1 + n2 + 24p4 - 16p6)/9
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4p2 =
2(1 - m) =
1 - (2m - 1) =
(1 - m2)/(1 - p2)
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4p2 =
1 - n/cosÆ =
1 - qn/m
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