Abstract 

Inspiration

The Problem

The Outline of a Solution

The Main Cooling System and its Essential Elements

A Protected Room and its External Shield

Headers and Downcomers

Natural or Assisted Circulation

Isometric Outline of the Main Structure Cooling System

Isometric Outline of a Protected Room

Some General Conditions

References

The fluid pressure at the highest level within the cooling system shall be preferable kept slightly above the atmospheric pressure. In this case water temperature can rise to a value near or slightly higher than 100 ºC without boiling. Up to this limit every cubic meter of water can absorb as much heat as it is released by combustion of about 8 kg gasoline, kerosene or oil. Up to six times more heat can be absorbed by a complete evaporation of the same volume of liquid water near the said pressure, whereby the temperature does not rise substantially.