KIHEI (MAUI), HI - Pacific Whale Foundation, in its 17th year of research
on
Southern hemisphere humpback whales, has encountered a rare and
endangered Southern right whale with her newborn calf in Hervey Bay of
Queensland, Australia.
In addition, the researchers documented the unusual occurrence of the female
right whale and her calf interacting with a female humpback whale and her
calf.
"This is the first time in history a right whale has entered Hervey Bay,"
said
Gregory D. Kaufman, President of Pacific Whale Foundation and leader of
the
team which observed the whales. "It may also be the first time that the
interaction of a humpback whale and a right whale have been documented
in
the South Pacific."
The Southern right whale was encountered over the course of three days
- from
September 27 through 29th -- in the Platypus Bay region of Hervey Bay.
The
research team observing the Southern right whale included Greg Kaufman,
Pacific Whale Foundation research assistant Christa Corsaro, marine education
specialist Merrill Kaufman, and three research interns.
Southern right whales are an endangered species, with only 7,000 -- out
of their
estimated original population of 150,000 -- remaining in the wild. The
Northern
Right Whale is thought to be nearly extinct, with fewer than 1,000 animals
remaining. In the South Pacific, right whales are normally found further
south in
the waters off New South Wales and Victoria, where they go to mate and
calve
each winter and spring.
"The right whales were observed resting and slowly swimming about the bay,
with the calf spyhopping and lolling about its mother's back and tail flukes,"
reports Kaufman. "The encounter with the mother and calf humpback lasted
only a few minutes, but there was lots of surface activity and rolling
about.
Both calves appeared curious towards each other."
"Quite frankly when you see a humpback next to a Southern right whale,
the
humpbacks seem puny in comparison," said Kaufman, noting that humpbacks
grow to 13-15 meters (40-45 ft) in length, while right whales reach 16-18
meters
(48-60 ft) and are much more rotund than humpbacks.
"The flukes on the female right whale were massive, nearly 20 feet across,
and
her calf was much more 'rolly polly' than the humpback calf," he observed.
"It was a case of the endangered meeting the vulnerable," remarked Kaufman,
noting that right whales are listed as an endangered species by the Australian
government; humpback whales are listed as a vulnerable species.
Pacific Whale Foundation's Australian Humpback Whale Research Project,
funded by the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, is the
most extensive and longest running study of humpback whales in the southern
Pacific. During the span of 17 years, Pacific Whale Foundation researchers
have photo-identified more than 2,200 individual humpback whales from the
east cost of Australia and in Polynesia. Pacific Whale Foundation's long-term
fluke identification work with humpbacks has resulted in discoveries linking
the
humpback whales of east Australia to Tonga, New Caledonia, Antarctica,
and
Tahiti. The study has also led to the publication of a book by Pacific
Whale
Foundation researchers, Humpback Whales of Australia, which catalogs the
identification photos and resight histories of 1,183 humpback whales.
The results of the ongoing study were relied upon by the Australian
government as justification for designating Hervey Bay a marine protected
area
(sanctuary) and to establish guidelines for whalewatching. Under these
laws,
right whales and humpback whales are protected from approach no closer
than
100 meters by vessels in Queensland and Australian waters. Hervey Bay has
limited commercial boat access with only 15 extant permits.
Pacific Whale Foundation has the only active marine parks research permit
for
study of humpback whales in the Hervey Bay Marine Park. Pacific Whale
Foundation researchers are in Hervey Bay from August through October each
year.
Each winter some 1,000 - 1,500 humpback enter the broad, shallow (less
than 90
feet deep) waters of Hervey Bay, primarily on their southward migration
from
the Great Barrier Reef and islands of Polynesia, en route to their Antarctic
feeding grounds. While in Hervey Bay, the humpback whales display a
particular curiosity, often lying near vessels for hours on end, spyhopping
and
rolling at the surface.
Southern right whales breed in shallow bays along the southern coasts of
Australia and New Zealand. Females breed every 3 years, calves are born
in the
winter and weaned 12 months later. They return in subsequent years to their
calving area.
Both Southern right whales and humpbacks feed on krill and can travel as
far
south as the Antarctic pack ice.
"Given that right whales are extremely site specific in their migrations,
this may
be the start of a new population of whales in Hervey Bay," remarks Kaufman.
Right whales are more rotund than humpbacks, and lack a dorsal fin. Their
bodies are dark brown to black. Calves are born white and darken to a
milk-chocolate brown. White skin callosities on the jaws and head of right
whales are arranged in unique patterns, allowing scientists to identify
individuals.
Humpbacks are identified by the pigmentation patterns on their tail flukes;
in
the South Pacific, researchers are also able to use the whales' lateral
body
markings to identify individuals.
Kaufman recalls that 20 years ago, a rare Northern right whale was observed
off
Maui swimming with four humpback whales. No other sightings of right whales
in Maui have been recorded.
"The sight of the rare Southern right whale and calf, swimming in the vicinity
of
humpback whales, symbolizes the need to create a whale sanctuary in the
South Pacific," said Kaufman. "Some countries would like to begin whaling
in
this region, but the fact is, the whale species haven't recovered from
the last
time commercial whaling was allowed here."
Pacific Whale Foundation's whale research is being utilized by the Australian
government to push the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to create
such a sanctuary. Voting on the South Pacific Whale Sanctuary was blocked
at
last summer's IWC meeting by Japan, Norway and several Caribbean nations.
The Pacific Whale Foundation and other supporters of the sanctuary vow
to
keep the idea alive and are working for a more positive result at the next
meeting of the IWC in 2001.
Pacific Whale Foundation, with headquarters in Maui and a satellite office
in
Brisbane, is a non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization dedicated to saving whales,
dolphins and reefs through marine research, public education and
conservation. To learn more about Pacific Whale Foundation, visit
www.pacificwhale.org on the Internet