Rice
Mongo
Peanut
Eggplant
Mango
Tomato
Coffee
Banana
(Saba)
Calamansi
(Philippine Lemon)
Papaya
Pineapple
Tobacco
Rice |
Mongo |
Peanut |
Eggplant |
Mango |
Tomato |
Coffee |
Banana (Saba) |
Calamansi (Philippine Lemon) |
Papaya |
Pineapple |
Tobacco |
PEANUT
Technical
Description
Peanut (anachis hypogea L.), locally known as “mani”, is a protein-rich
and oil-laden legume. It is one of the oldest crop grown in the Philippines, but
it has remained as a corn intercrop and has not gained prominence as a cash
crop. It helps reduce risk of heart disease and cancer. Peanut contains high quality protein (25-30%) and oil
(46-50%) protein content of 1 kg. Peanut is equivalent to that of a kilogram of
pork and exceeds that of an egg, and meat from fowl and beef.
Peanut
is ideal as a food ingredient because of its aroma, flavor, crunchy texture, and
high energy value. It requires less
nitrogen fertilizer because of its nitrogen-fixing nodules.
About
95% of the peanut areas are planted with the low yielding “native”
Spanish-type variety. The Philippine seed board recommended the CES-10 and BPI-E.B.
which yield as high as 2.0-2.5 MT of shelled peanuts per hectare. These
varieties contain 24-26% protein and 42-46% oil.
Uses
Peanut is principally consumed in boiled and roasted forms.
It is also used as confectionary products such as jams and desserts.
Products prepared from peanut are flour, protein isolate, cheese, paste
for shortening and defatted meal for snack foods.
The seed coat is a source of commercial tannin and thiamine.
Of
the total peanut production in the country, about 92% are consumed as food, 0.5%
are used as seeds and 7.5% for non-food uses (1998).
Most
farmers of Western Visayas devote a small area of 0.12-0.50 hectare to peanut
production. Available varieties are the native and miracle variety.
Peanuts are ready for harvest 100-110 days after planting. When mature,
peanut beans exhibit a pinkish seed coat, which turn pale brown upon drying.
Harvesting
is done by pulling the entire plant. Fresh pods are either solid
immediately upon harvest or sun dried. It takes about 3-5 days of continuous
sun–drying to completely dry the peanut are reduce the moisture content to
12-14%.
Specifications
Peanuts are traded in only two forms, shelled (well-dried with plump and
fresh-looking nuts) and unshelled (dried and cleaned, with well-develop pods),
packed in sacks weighing 25-30 kgs. The minimum transaction volume is one-half
sack.
Wholesalers
are the primary buyers of both shelled and unshelled peanuts. Shelled peanuts
are bought by sidewalk vendors and sold as deep-fried or roasted peanuts and
“bandi” (or peanut candy). Other peanut peddlers, buy unshelled peanuts for
boiling.
Retailers
sell both shelled and unshelled peanuts and display them in wooden boxes or in
“kalalaw” bamboo trays, inside retail local markets without price and name
tags. Ganta, equivalent to 2.25 kgs, serves as a unit of measurement in some
retail markets. The minimum transaction volume for most markets is 1 kg.
Seasonality
Peak production months are from January to March and August to October
coinciding with rice and corn harvests planted during the 2nd and 3rd cropping
season, respectively. Peanut supply is
normally low from April to July and November to December. Consumers revert to
buying corn in cobs, a heavy favorite among ilonggo consumers, particularly from
April to May.
Marketing
Practices
Bulk of the farmer’s produce are sold in the farm, farmstead, roadside or
buyer’s place of business. The
remainder is used as seeds for the next cropping season.
Traders usually function as middleman.
Price
Formation and Differentiation
Wholesalers base their buying prices on supply and demand factors. The
highest price offered per kilo of shelled peanuts is P20.00 during peak supply
while the lowest price is received in P18.00/kg. Unshelled peanuts command
P12.00 – P14.00 per kilogram.
A Price difference of P4.00 – P6.00 per kilogram exists between shelled
and unshelled peanuts.
Market
Flow
Farmer/ProduceràWholesaler/MiddlemanàRetailersàConsumer
Farmer/ProduceràWholesaler/MiddlemanàRetailer/ProcessoràConsumer
Farmer/ProduceràProcessoràRetaileràConsumer
Farmer/ProduceràConsumer
Western
Visayas 2002 Peanut
Production
|
Provinces |
Area Harvested (ha.) |
Production
(MT) |
| Aklan Antique Capiz Guimaras Iloilo Negros Occ. |
64.0 214.0 51.0 8.0 1,173.0 747.0 |
26.68 |
| Total |
2,257.0 |
1,044.52 |