MANGO

Technical Description
Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) is of the most important fruit export in the Philippines. The most popular mango variety is the “carabao” “pahu” in Region 6. The ripe fruit is juicy, sweet, delectable, golden yellow and plump. Compared to other varieties, carabao mango has the best eating quality. Mangoes can be eaten fresh, cooked, frozen, preserve or dried, whether green, half-ripe or fully ripe.

Domestic Production
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) data showed that Western Visayas accounted for the bulk in volume produced in 1994, production was 88,198.17 MT, a decrease of 2% from 90,049 MT of the previous year, due to several typhoons. Total production area decreased by 1.7%. A total of 261,927 mango trees are grown regionwide, where 109,383 are bearing and 135,644 are non-bearing, while the rest are newly planted. Guimaras have been recognized as the “Mango Province of the Philippines”.

Farm Practices
Farm practices are limited to fertilization, pesticide control and flower induction. Flower induction is done by spraying chemicals or flower inducers. Farmers wrap the mangoes when they are about the size of chicken’s egg or about 55 to 65 days using newsprint’s as bagging material since they are cheap, easily available and do not accumulate moisture as compared to polyethylene bags. The fruits are harvested from 100-120 days after spraying, depending on the market outlet. For the export market, the ideal maturity period of mango is shorter at 90-115 days after spraying. Mangoes for domestic consumption are harvested later or at 120 days from spraying. Mangoes are carefully handpicked from the trees to prevent bruises and latex-staining.

Specifications

Wholesale Buying and Selling
For bulk transaction, carabao mangoes or paho are green, mature, smooth, latex-free and classified according to size. The following classification prevails:

        1stClass – 2 to 3 pcs/kg; more than 5.5 inches in length
        2nd Class – 4 to 5 pcs/kg; length of 4.0 to 5.5 inches
        3rd Class – at least 6 pcs/kg; length of 4.0 and below
        Rejects – blemished and deformed mangoes regardless of size

For export market mangoes should be unblemished and should weigh at least 200 grams per piece.

Mangoes are packed in “kaings”, “bucag” or ribagan. “Bucag” or “ribagan” are the most common packaging materials used because of their size and ease in carrying while a “kaing” is used in places where transportation is available. A “kaing” can contain roughly 50-70 kg of mangoes while a “bucag” has around 25-35 kgs. a “ribagan” on the other hand has 40-50 kg of mangoes. The minimum transaction volume is one kaing, bucag or ribagan.

Retail Selling

        Mangoes for retail selling are usually ripe and classified accordingly:
        1stClass – 3 to 4 pcs/kg
        2nd Class – 4 to 5 pcs/kg
        3rd Class – at least 6 pcs/kg
        Rejects – over/undersized mangoes and blemished/damaged mangoes regardless of size

Retail transactions are normally by kilogram or by piece.

Seasonality
The peak supply months of mangoes in Iloilo and Guimaras are from January to June, also coinciding with the peak supply months of Antique. The lean months are from July to December. Mangoes in the lean months are primarily sourced from the municipality of Leon, Province of Iloilo.

Geographic Flow
The supply of mangoes comes from the Provinces of Guimaras, Iloilo, and Antique. Mangoes are brought to the terminal and central markets of all provinces of Western Visayas, Cebu, and Manila. Export markets include Hongkong, Japan and United States.

Price Formation and Differentiation
The price of mango for domestic consumption depends on the demand and supply levels, size, quality and class. There is a price difference of P5.00 – P8.00/kg in between classes for wholesale selling. For retail selling, about P1.00 – P3.00/kg in between classes. Demand for mangoes during lean months increases the price by P20.00/kg. The decrease of the same price is felt during peak season.

Market Flow
Farmer/Farmer-sprayeràWholesaleràRetaileràConsumer
Farmer/Farmer-sprayeràProcessoràRetailer/Consumer
Farmer/Farmer-sprayeràConsumer

Western Visayas 2002 Mango Production

Provinces

(MT)

Aklan
Antique
Capiz
Iloilo
Guimaras
Negros Occ.

631.20
2,225.70
99.50
28,546.04
20,341.30
11,259.40

Total
63,103.14

The area harvested was 10,542 ha with 644.261 bearing trees.
The average yield per hectare is 8.98 MT.
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Region 6, Iloilo City

Size Classification for Carabao Mango

Size	Wt. of Fruit (grams)	No. of pcs /
		5 kg.	12 kg.
Extra Large Large Medium Small Super Small Bloco	351 & above 300 - 350 250 - 299 200 - 244 199 - 165 maximum of 85 gm. per piece	12-14 16 20 24 28-32	30-32 41-43 44-50 56-63 64-75

Grade Defects in Mango

Deformity - abnormal shape which materially affects the appearance.
Insect Damage – lesions (fresh or healed) due to insect attack.
Wind Scar – brownish-black streaks, which are slightly elevated, are attributed to abrasions caused by winds.
Latex Burn – brownish-black streak that may be sunken are attributed to aged latex stains.
Scab – patches of fissured corky tissue on the peel.
Sooty Mold – mold on the peel with the appearance of a black powdery deposit usually concentrated on the shoulder.
Ugot – netted appearance on the peel due to prominent vascular bundles.
Balat-Kawayan – unusually deep-green; affected fruit fail to color when ripe.
Mottling – blotchy, uneven green color.

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