PICTORIAL HISTORY of VIVISECTION |
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2nd C: c160: anatomy and physiology - Galen |
17th C: 1667: lactreals - Aselli 1628: blood circulation - Harvey 1647: thoracic duct - Pecquet 1659: function of lungs and airpump - Boyle 1665: blood transfusion - Lawler; Denys |
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18th C: 1703: abdominal surgery - Shipton 1733: measurement of blood pressure - Hales 1758: aneurysm treatment - Hunter 1778: hip joint amputation 1780: animal electricity - Galvani |
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19th C: [1804-47] 1804: skin grafts 1811: motor and sensory nerves - Bell 1822: brain localisation - Flourens 1838: cornea grafts - Kissen 1844: Claude Bernard 1846: ether - Morton 1847: chloroform - Wakley |
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19th C: [1850-98] 1850: ovariotomy - Spencer Wells 1856: thyroidectomy - Schiff, Horsley 1857: antisepsis - Lister 1871: brain mapping - Fritsch, and others 1872: germ theory - Pasteur 1881: anthrax vaccine - Pasteur 1884: rabies vaccine - Pasteur 1882: tuberculosis - tuberculin - Koch 1887: electrical activity of the heart - Waller 1895: digestion - Pavlov 1898: calf lymph for smallpox vaccine |
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16th C: 1543: anatomy - Vesalius 1543: circulation thru lungs - Colombo |
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20th C: 1900s: 1902: kidney transplant - Ullman 1904: diphtheria vaccine - horse serum 1905: heart transplant - Carrel 1906: Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic device 1906: ECG - Einthoven 1910: poliovirus - route of infection - Flexner |
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20th C: 1920s: 1921: tar and cancer - Passey 1922: insulin - Banting and Best 1927: LD50 test introduced |
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20th C: 1930s: 1930: high blood pressure - Heymans 1931: heart-lung machine - Gibbon 1937: "Skinner box" 1930s: penicillin - Florey 1930s: heart catheter - Cournard, Rogers |
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20th C: 1940s: 1940: traumatic shock - Best 1940: Rh factor in blood - Landsteiner 1940s: pyrogen test introduced 1940s: tobacco smoking and cancer - Berenblum 1940s: "tail flick"; "hot plate" tests introduced 1942: Nobel-Collip drum 1944: Draize eye test introduced 1940s: Draize skin irritancy test introduced 1946: Bikini Atoll - atomic bomb test 1948: heart bypass surgery |
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20th C: 1950s: 1950s: heart pacemaker 1950s: kidney transplants - Lawler; Murray 1952: "Zeigler chair" introduced 1953: heart valves 1955: elevated plus maze test introduced 1957: space launch - "Laika" |
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20th C: 1960s: 1962: "nude" mice for cancer research 1962: brain isolated - White 1964: head transplant - White 1960s: depression - Harlow 1965: sodium cromoglycate for asthma 1967: heart transplants - Barnard; Shumway |
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20th C: 1970s: 1970: artificial heart 1974: atherosclerosis - rabbit "model" 1975: "smoking beagles" 1975: anti-cancer drug tests 1978: leprosy - armadillo "model" 1970s: radiation experiments 1970s: CAT scanner - Houndsfield |
| . 20th C: 1980s: 1984: Porton Down - ballistic tests 1984: mdx for muscular dystrophy 1987: "scid-hu" mouse for cancer research |
| . 20th C: 1990s: 1992: pigs for xenotransplants 1993: cf mice for cystic fibrosis 1995: "mouse`s ear" |
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grateful thanks to Scientific Anti-Vivisectionism for some of the historical date and scientific and medical refutals [see "links" for their home page] |
INDEX |
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