| (Lesson 5 cont.) **Emilio Aguinaldo--Philippino leader of resistance Granted Independence = 1946 **Platt Amendment--tagged onto war an appropriations (funding) bill (1901) U.S. will withdraw troops from Cuba and we'll always maintain 1 military base there=Guantanamo Bay **Panamanian Canal (1904-1914) massive project Effected American Imperialism: Panama was controlled by Columbia Roosevelt tried to make treaty, they turned it down. Cou de taut--Panamanians take over and we negotiate with Panama Lesson 6: Progressive Movement (begins in cities--Local govt., then State, then National I. The Progressive Mindset A. Defined: 1. feeling of political and economic alienation 2. response to the negative effects of industrialization and urbanization 3. desire for social legislation; wanted govt to pass laws for social justice B. Concerns: 1. Fear of unregulated big business 2. Small producers vs. monopolies 3. Growth of Trusts (RRs, Oil, Banking, Iron, Steel, Tobacco, Meat Packing) Trust=several businesses join together and monopolize the market 4. Plight of the new urban consumers (utility co's charging unfair rates and meat co's selling tainted/spoiled meat) 5. Corrupt City Governments 6. Progressive's Social Theory (driving reformism)-- Environment Shapes Personality C. Progressive Presidents 1. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) R (b/c McKinley was assasinated) (youngst elected pres at the time) 2. Taft (1909-1913) R (picked to follow TR) 3. Wilson (1913-1921) D II. New Modes of Thought (Ideas carry consequences) A. Absolutism vs. Realilsm (Truth is static-remaining true; vs. Truth is dymanic-changes) 1. Pragmatism--William James; Main goal=what works? Consequences! 2. Progressive Education--John Dewey B. Reform Darwinism (Govt can aid the process of Social Evolution) 1. Lester Ward--sociologist; scientific control of social development 2. Richard Ely--American Economic Association; govt can play a positive role in the ecoomy 3. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr--Supreme Court Justice; laws must change and evolve with the times; no such thing as Natural Law (NL=moral absolutes that don't change) C. Religion and Social Justice (Social Gospel Movement: late 1800s) *Christianity addressing social and spiritual problems; take it away from "pie in the sky" view down to real life applications 1. Moderates--Washington Gladden--reform Capitalism, make it more humane 2. Radials--Walter Rauschenbusch--replace Capitalism 3. 1905--Federal Council of Churches 4. Concerns of the SGM a. unrestricted competition; b. conflicts between Capital and Labor; c. urban problems (Gilded Age Politics) 5. Strengths & Weaknesses of the SGM a. Weak: extreme optimistic view of history (Utopian); too simplistic agenda; didn't address the race problem; neglected women's liberation b. Strength: focused attention on specific social ills; counteracted the Gospel of Wealth mentality; emphasized Jesus' concern for the poor D. Opinion makers *General Public Awareness: 1. TR called them Muckrakers--writers, editors, etc.--expose journalism, magazines, newspapers 2. Lincoln Steffens--wrote about corrupt city govts--city machines (ppl taking payoffs, kickbacks) 3. Upton Sinclair (wrote "Jungle")--exposed unsanitary processes of meat packing 4. Ida Tarbell--Wrote running installments on the corrupt practices of monopolies; esp Standard Oil *Political Educated Ppl: 5. New Republic Group--Walter Lippman, Herbert Croly--wanted strong govt powers III. Progressivism--Local Level A. City government 1. Motto & Goal: Efficiency *New forms of city govt: 2. Board of Commissioners (1901) started in Galveston TX b/c of the hurricane of 1900 3. City Manager (1908) a hired, credited professional; trained in organization & efficiency; financial skills 4. Urban Renewal--Zoning Laws (residential, commercial, industrial zones); Housing Codes -progressives pushed these things B. Settlement House Movement (Originated in England) non political, honest reform 1. An early welfare system 2. Jane Addams founded the Hull House (Chicago 1889) 3. Lilliam Wald founded the Henry House (lower E side of NY 1895) 4. Services: Nursery Care; Informal Health Clinics; Taught vocation skills (learn trade); Entertainment and Recreation 5.This movement grew rapidly: In 1891--6 schools; 1895--40; 1900--100 IV Progressivism State Level A. Reform Governors 1. Gilded Age--union between state legislature and big business=unethical alliance! Reformers step in! 2. Hiram Johnson (R) LA; Charles E. Hugh (R) NY; Woodrow Wilson (D) NJ 3. Robert M. LaFollette (R) Wisconsin---trend setter a. state primary elections; b. RR Tax and state RR commission; c. Workers compensation; d. graduated state inc. tax(rates go up as income goes up); e. public utilities commission(make sure utilites dont abuse public) 4. LaFollette elected to U.S. Senate 1905---"Babbling Bob" (babbling for reforms) B. African-Americans 1. Booker T. Washington--former slave--went to college--founder of Tuskegee (work study instutution) creed of work, education, and self-dependence; *1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech 2. W.E.B. Dubois---middle class African American in far NE first they worked together, but then their views split 1st African American to be granted degree at Harvard decided hope lay within the "talented tenth" 1903 the Souls of Black Folk (book he wrote) discussed "twoness" (1-citizen of Am & 2-African Am) rejected Wash's philosophy--accomodation and mammonism; Dubois believed ppl like Wash were selling out to white society 1905 Founder of Niagara Movement (didnt do so well) 1909 Dubois & black & white progressives--NAACP; get cases in the Justice System |
| HIST 1302 |
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