| (Lesson 3 cont.) (cont. of V. Gilded Age Culture) B. Popular Culture (Mass Entertainment) 1. Sports--Baseball, Boxing (least segregated), Football (more a college sport--commercialized in 1920s) 2. Amusement Parks 3. Motion Picture (no sound) *Penny Arcades: the first! drop penny in machine and look through view finder *Nickelodeons: move projected onto screen (for a nickel) approximately 8 minutes *Movie Houses: full length (2 hrs) motion picture (1903)... First: Great Train Robbery *Sounds came in 1920s *Mainly in Southern California because: 1-mild climate to film in; 2-cheap real estate C. Education 1. Public *After Civil War, # of High School Systems multiplied *State compulsory attendance laws 2. Higher Level (College) *Size of colleges increased *Many colleges before Civil War were started by Religions *In Gilded Age, they became more Liberal Arts *First appearance of PHD Programs *Yale, Harvard, Johns Hopkins University: 1st U.S. Colleges to use PHD Program *W. E. B. Devoy--1st African American to get PHD @ Harvard 3. Informal *Chautaugua (1860s) began as a Methodist Sunday School; later became a Summer Camp w/lectures and services (NY); then went Nation Lecture Circuit Lesson 4--Gilded Age Politics Intro: A. General Characteristics--particularly National 1. Both major parties had factional problems and lacked constructive leadership 2. Both parties were slow to address new national issues *Change gave rise to problems! 3. Corruption: at all levels of Govt. 4. Very close national elections 5. Style over substance; entertainment over issue resolution B. Major National Problems (that neither pol party was quick to adress) 1. Need to regulate industry and RRs 2. Settlement of labor/management disputes (more positive govt involvement in) 3. Tariff Legislation (high or low tariff ?) Pro-American--high--keep off competition 4. Need of satisfactory currency system I. Presidential Elections (Over view) **2 candidates (parties); Electoral Votes (margin of victory); Major issue/peices of legislation A. 1876 R--Rutherford Hayes (185) vs D--Tilden (184) *Disputed--when accumulated electoral vote--20 disputed votes! Compromise: Went to Hayes under conditions: 1. Federal troops withdrawn from the South 2. Hayes had to have at least one Southerner in his cabinet 3. South would get Federal money for rebuilding B. 1880 R--Garfield (214) vs D--Hancock (155) (took awhile to pick him) (served as Union General in War) 1. Republican Party Factors: Halfbreeds vs Stalwarts) 2. Garfield assasinated by Guiteau-an offcentered, disgruntled office seeker. Chester Arthur took his place. 3. Pendleton Act (1883) reform established federal agency, CSC (Civil Service Commission) purpose: to create a merit system for federal employment--making sure ppl are fit for a job before hiring C. 1884 R--James Blaine from Maine (182) vs D--Cleveland, NY Governor (219) *Liberal Republicans voted Democratic 1. 29k vote difference in popular vote 2. Republican Campaign: accused Democrats of Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion (referring to prohibition issue, Catholics, and blaming Dems for Civil War) 2. 1887--Interstate Commerce Act--1st Federal Regulatory Agency--regulate Commerce D. 1888 R--Harrison (238) vs D--Cleveland (168) 1. Cleveland had 90k more popular votes 2. |
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