Grade 11, University & College Preparation (Course Code: HSP 3M)
Author of Course: Kevin Leung, O.S.
Author of Text: Colin M. Bain/Jill S. Colyer - The Human Way
Bronislaw Malinowski (Continued)
- rejected cultural evolutionism: hypothesizes that all societies and cultures develop in a regular series of predictable stages. Built on Darwin's claim that each civilization is built on the foundation left by its predecessor.
Three stages of cultural evolutionism-
1) Savage
2) Primitive
3) Sophisticated
- found such theory racist and ethnocentric: an incorrect attitude, belief or stance that sees one's own culture as being superior of another.
- Anthropologists should explain, not judge.
Raymond Dart (1893-1988)
- Australian physical anthropologist famous for discovery of a skull in S. Africa in 1924
- believed that the skull represented a transitional stage between apes and humans
- controversial. But in 1947 he discovered other fossils that supported his original claim
The Leakey Family (What kinda last name is that?)
- Louis, Mary and their son Richard; physical anthrpologist
- I) rejected that humans originated in Asia II) experimented with Stone Age tools to see how our ancestors hunted III) believed women were more accurate in observing, recruited 3 girls
- primates: member in mammal group with most developed brain; eg. apes, monkeys, gorillas
Jane Goodall (b.1934)
- worked with Leakeys in Tanzania. Spent 20 yrs observing and recording lives of chimpanzees
- chimpanzees I) used tools for some of their activities II) not just vegetarian; they eat meat
III)social structure of chimpanzee community is highly developed IV) hint to our ancestral lives
Birute Galdikas (b.1945)
- given chance by L. Leakey to study orangutans- an ape with 98% human's genetic material
- 1968 set up camp in Borneo, Indonesia. Conditions terrible.
- Husband Rod and foster son (1yr old orangutan) became hostile towards each other
- Rod released organgutan secretly. Led to a divorce. Galdikas married an Indonesian man.
- findings very similar to Goodall's
Dian Fossey (1938-1985)
- American famous for studies of Rwanda's mountain gorilla community. Fit into their group
- findings similar to Goodall and Galdikas; later murdered mysteriously. Works unfinished.
Modern Anthropology in Canada
- Ethnographic studies important part of modern research
- Asen Balikci: studies Netsilik people of the Arctic
- Robin Ridlington: Dunne-za people of the Subarctic
- Jean Michaud: mountain peoples of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
- Patricia Spittal: causes of domestic violence (social anthropology)
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