Grade 11, University & College Preparation (Course Code: HSP 3M)
Author of Course: Kevin Leung, O.S.
Authors of Text: Colin M. Bain/Jill S. Coyler - The Human Way
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCES
Chapter 2.1 Notes (Sociology's Development)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
- German scholar who lived through industrial revolution (few rich, majority poor)
- founder of the conflict school
- noted uneven distribution of wealth which leads to Class Confilct: struggles between class
- i) Bourgeoisie: wealthy ii) Proletariat: poor
- Argues that power should be redistributed among people to solve society's problems
Max Weber (1864-1920)
- German sociologist who modified Marx's ideas
- Argues that religion, education, politics and family structure as important as economics in moulding people's value; Power came in many forms, not just wealth
- favoured govn't bureaucracies- (large, highly-structured organizations that tend to function in an impersonal manner) for social services. Marx's need for revolution unnecessary to him.
- Thinks that society can be reformed/improved. His focus was on solving society's problems
Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)
- American sociologist who recognized that people have freedom to make choices, therefore, we are motivated to fit into society (ex. p.22 examples)
- Society comprised of:
1) Cultural system 2) Social system 3) Personality System 4) Behavioural system
- unable to explain disorder and change in society
George Murdock (1897-1985)
- American sociologist & anthropologist who noted that societies have similar characteristics, as opposed to many others.
- Universals: characteristics that can be obeserved in every society (such as ethics, values, etc.)
- saw the need to explain why religion, social status, moral themes are common in societies.
Sociology in Canada
- 1960's: Wilson Clement, John Porter studied social stratification (gap between rich and poor)
- 1970's: Jay Goldstein, Rita Bienvenue. Focus was on ethnicity and multiculturalism
Modern sociology in Canada
David Lyon: impact of electronic media
Edna Einsiedel: communication patterns
Marc Raboy: communication: journalism of alternative media
Reginald Bibby: young people's values, hopes and fears
Marlene Mackie: effect of early life experiences on development. Devised gender socialization- the distinct ways in which girls and boys are commonly socialized.
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