Brazilian Portuguese Grammar
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Verb moods, tenses and verbals |
There are three verb moods (modos verbais) in Portuguese:
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Modo indicativo (indicative mood), which is used to make statements;
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Modo subjuntivo (subjunctive mood), which is used to talk about possibilities, conditions and hypotheses;
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Modo imperativo (imperative mood), which is used to give orders and make requests.
Each mood is made up of a wide array of verb tenses:
| Indicative mood - Modo indicativo | |
| Portuguese | English |
| presente | present indicative |
| pretérito perfeito | preterite indicative |
| pretérito perfeito composto | present perfect indicative |
| pretérito imperfeito | imperfect indicative |
| pretérito mais-que-perfeito | pluperfect indicative |
| pretérito mais-que-perfeito composto | compound pluperfect indicative |
| futuro do presente | future indicative |
| futuro do presente composto | compound future indicative |
| futuro do pretérito | preterite future indicative |
| futuro do pretérito composto | compound preterite future indicative |
| Subjunctive mood - Modo subjuntivo | |
| Portuguese | English |
| presente | present subjunctive |
| pretérito perfeito | perfect subjunctive |
| pretérito imperfeito | imperfect subjunctive |
| pretérito mais-que-perfeito | pluperfect subjunctive |
| futuro | future subjunctive |
| futuro composto | compound future subjunctive |
| Imperative mood - Modo imperativo | |
| Portuguese | English |
| imperativo afirmativo | affirmative form |
| imperativo negativo | negative form |
There are three basic verbals (infinitive, gerund and participle), which are called formas nominais:
| Verbals - Formas nominais | |
| Portuguese | English |
| infinitivo impessoal simples | impersonal infinitive |
| infinitivo impessoal composto | compound impersonal infinitive |
| infinitivo pessoal | personal infinitive |
| infinitivo pessoal composto | compound personal infinitive |
| gerúndio | gerund |
| gerúndio composto | compound gerund |
| particípio | past participle |
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Primitive and derived tenses |
Some verb tenses are called primitive because their stems are used to form other tenses (called derived tenses) by adding desinęncias (verb endings).
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