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<R> RACE nore (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land, family) -NO RADAGAST Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his original Valinorean name, not an actual translation of "Radagast", which is either Adunaic for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish name of uncertain meaning). -UT:393/417, cf. 390, 401 RADIANCE alcar, alcare (brilliance, splendour), faire (Note: this word has several other meanings - see DEATH, FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial n, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not numen.) RADIANT alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-R, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where alcar, alkar is translated "splendour") RAGE aha -LotR:1157 RAIN miste (fine rain), rosse (fine rain, dew, spray), ucco; RAINBOW helyanwe (lit. "sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta. (LT2 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this was obsoleted toghether with ilu "sky"; see SKY.) -MIZD, ROS cf. Letters:282, GL:74, 3EL, LT1:256, LT2:348 RAISE orta- (lift up, rise) (pa.t. ortane is attested; orta- probably obsoletes orto- in LT1:256), amu- -ORO, Nam, RGEO:67, LT2:335 RAPID larca, alarca -LAK RAT *nyaro ("nyano" in LR:379 must be a misreading) -NYAD RAVINE axa (narrow path), yawe (cleft, gulf), falqua (cleft, mountain pass) -AK, LT2:341 RAY OF LIGHT alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -AKLA-R, LT2:341 "RAYMENT, VEILS" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to incarnates.) -RGEO:74 RE- (prefix) en- (as in entulesse "return" and envinyatar "renewer", q.v. Also used on verbs: #enquat- "refill" [only fut. enquantuva is attested, see REFILL]. Before the consonants l, m, r, s, the prefix en- would be assimilated to *el-, *em-, *er-, and *es-, respectively. Very early [The Lost Tales] "Qenya" has an- instead of en- [see LT1:184].) REACH *rahta- (strech out) (Corrected from the actual reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) -LT1:335 REAL anwa (actual, true) -ANA2 REALM arda (region). This word means "any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402). Arda (with a capital A) was "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of Ea". -3AR, Letters:283 REAR telle -TELES RECALL #enyal- (inf. enyalie) -UT:302, 317 RECKON not-; *RECKONING #onotime (isolated from Yenonotie *"reckoning of years"), *RECKONER Onotimo (the untranslated title of one Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT, MR:48-51 RECEIVE tuvu- (same as in ututvienyes "I have found it"? See FIND) -GL:71 RED carne, aira ("ruddy, copper-coloured"), narwa ("fiery red", cf. nare "flame"), nasar (adopted from Valarin; used in Vanyarin Quenya only); RED [HEAT?] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) yulme (Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal"). RED FLAME runya, WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimirie (a pl form? Sg *carnimirea? Letters:224 has carne- instead of carni-.) -KARAN/Silm:429, GAY, NAR, WJ:399, YUL, Silm:437, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224 REED lisce (sedge) -LT2:335 (GL:34 also gives feng-, but some ending would be required) REEK usque -USUK REFILL #enquat- (only fut. enquantuva is attested, but cf. quat- "fill" in WJ:392) -Nam REFLECTION (glittering) nalta (radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial n, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not numen.) -PM:347 REFUSE vaquet- (forbid, say no) (1. pers. sg aorist and past vaquetin, vaquenten are given) avaquet- (forbid) (the pa.t. is no doubt *avaquente; cf. quet- under SAY), ava- (say no). (Pa.t. avane is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language".) -WJ:370, KWET REGION mena, arda (realm) -MEN, LotR:1157 REGULAR sanya (?) (law-abiding, normal) -STAN RELATE nyar- (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyarima -NAR2, WJ:370 RELEASE fainu- -LT2:250 REMAINS erin -LT1:269 REMOTE haira (far), eccaira, avaha ira -KHAYA REND narci-; RENDING naraca (harsh, violent) -NARAK RENEW #envinyata- (heal) (isolated from Envinyatar, see below. Past participle Envinyanta is attested, though it is translated "healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER Envinyatar -MR:405, LotR:897 REPEAT tatya- (double); REPEATED vorima (continual) -TATA, BOR REPOSE Este (the name of a Valie; because of this name, este fell out of use as a general word for "repose"). -WJ:403, 404 RESONANT (of strings) tunga (taut, tight) -TUG REST serin ("I rest", 1. pers. aorist); REST (noun) sere (repose, peace), quilde (quiet, hush); Este (the name of a Valie; because of this name, este fell out of use as a general word for "rest") (repose); TAKE A REST hauta-; RESTING senda (at peace) -SED, EZDE/WJ:404, GL:23, KHAW RETURN (vb) pel- (revolve, go round), RETURN (noun) entulesse -PEL, UT:171, 434 REVERED The element #ar- in Arfanyarasse (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)" -WJ:416 REVERSED nuquerna -LotR:1157 REVOLVE pel- (return, go round) -PEL RICH alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed), aute (also as noun: prosperity, wealth) herenya (wealthy, fortunate, blessed) -GALA, LT2:335, KHER RIDER roquen (horseman, knight) -WJ:372, UT:282 RIGHT tera (straight), vanima (fair, proper, beautiful). RIGHT (direction) forya, forte (Note: the latter word also means "north"); RIGHTHANDED formaite (dexterous) -TE3, LT1:272, PHOR RIME ringwe (frost) -LT1:255 RING #corma (isolated from cormacolindor "Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormare (Yavannie 30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday); RING-WRAITHS Ulairi (Nazgul) (pl; sg #Ulaire? Note that Ulairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix u- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure. Laire "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything to do with #lairi. The syllable ul- may also have something to do with the Black Speech word gul, wraith.) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417 RINGING SOUND lama (echo - so in Etym, but see SOUND) -LAM RISE orta- (pa.t. ortane is attested; orta- obsoletes oro- in LT1:256) (lift up, raise); RISING (noun) ore (Note: a homonym means "heart, inner mind"; but cf. MIGHTY-RISING); SUNRISE anarore (LT1:264 has oronte, oronto, but these words may not be valid in mature Quenya). -ORO, LT1:256, Nam/RGEO:67 RIVER sire (stream) (pl. probably *sirer not *siri; cf. the similar formation tyave "taste", pl tyaver. For "river" LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi; LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in mature Quenya). RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -SIR, ET ROAD tea (straight line), malle (pl. maller not *malli), ROAD IN SEA londe (entrance to harbour, translated "haven" in Alqualonde Haven of the Swans, UT:417), tie (path, course, direction, way), #vanda (isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on the same page - but since vanda means "oath" in a later source [UT:317], this word may be obsolete) -TEN, LR:47, LOD, TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264 ROARING (adj) ravea; ROARING NOISE rave (pl. probably *raver not *ravi, compare the similar formation tyave "taste" pl. tyaver). -MC:223 cf. 215 ROBE vaima -LT1:271 ROCKHEWN HALL hrota (dwelling underground, artificial cave) -PM:365 ROOF (vb) topa-; ROOF (noun) topa; HAVING A ROOF telda; "DOWN-ROOF" (cover) untupa- -TOP, LT2:348, RGEO:67/Nam ROOM sambe (?) (chamber) -STAB ROOT, ROOTWORD sundo (pl #sundar in Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but this may be a different word) (base), talma (foundation, base), sulca (esp. edible root) -SUD, TAL, SULUK ROUND corna (globed), corima; ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield), GO ROUND pel- (return, revolve) -KOR, LT1:257, 269, PEL ROW tema (series, line) (pl temar is attested) -TEN, LotR:1153 ROYAL #arna (isolated from Arnanor, Arnanore, "royal land", Arnor); ROYALIST arandil (king's friend) -Letters:428, 386 RUDDY aira (red, copper-coloured), roina -GAY, ROY RUINOUS atalantea (pl. atalantie is attested) -MC:222, 223 RULE (vb) heru- (Note: heru is also the noun "lord"). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. RULE (noun) sanye (?) (law), axan (commandment, law) -LT1:272, STAN, WJ:399 RULER cano, canu (see COMMANDER) (governor, chieftain, commander), #tur (as in Minyatur, "first Ruler") (lord) -UT:400, 466 RUN ON, RUN SMOOTHLY nornoro- -LT1:263 RUNE certa (pl certar is attested. This word occurred in Exilic Quenya only, adopted and adapted from Sindarin certh. Tolkien notes that if inherited, the form would have had the form *cirte.) -WJ:396, LotR:1151 RUSHING (adjectival) rimpa (flying), arauca (swift); RUSHING (noun) orme (wrath, violence, haste) -KHOR, LT2:347, GOR RUSTLE esce (noise of leaves) -EZGE
