MKNP Management Plan

B. Strategies: 1. Management zoning; 2. Integrated protection, rehabilitation and monitoring; 3. Research and documentations; 4. Community-based resource management; 5.Establishment of non-destructive livelihood alternatives; 6.Information, education and communication; 7. Human resource development; 8. Sustainable resource generation & mobilization; 9. Institutionalization of PA administration & networking; 10. Disaster management

C. Management Zones

D. Management Programs

1. Biodiversity conservation and environmental restoration, preservation of landscape, unique habitats and species and cultural characteristics; 2. Economic and social programs; 3. Management structures, capacity, and participation; 4. Disaster Management;

E. Management Standards and Guidelines

V.PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

VI. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

VII. BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN

VIII. MONITORING PLAN . . . .

A. Monitoring System, B. Evaluation System

IX. REFERENCES

Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park

Management Plan: June 2001(Con't)

3. Fauna

The fauna of MKNP shows a pattern of “high diversity or species richness as elevation decreases while low species richness as elevation increases”. The presence of high species richness of fauna in the lowland elevation areas of MKNP can be attributed to its various types of habitats. A greater number of habitat types results in a greater species richness of fauna. Lowland areas also have several plant species that serve as food resource for wildlife.

a. Birds

Bird species richness on the lowland habitat corresponds to 52 species, while 13 and 7 species for montane and mossy forest habitats, respectively. The Jungle fowl, Gray Swiftlet, White browed Shortwing and Snowy browed Flycatcher are some of the birds seen in all 3 habitats. The recent inventory data showed that bird endemism is highest in low land areas (42.3%) vis-à-vis montane forest (30.77%) and mossy forest (14.28%). Of the 22 endemic species listed, 3 are included in the IUCN List of Threatened Species as endangered. Previous studies showed that these were found at lowland areas and include the Visayan Tarictic Hornbill, White-winged Cuckoo Shrike and the Flame-temple Babbler. The Negros Fruit Dove and the Negros Bleeding Heart are two Negros endemics classified as endangered, which have been recorded in previous studies. Table 3 lists some of the important bird species found in MKNP.

Several species of birds are utilized by local communities for food, pets, medicine, and for trade. Among the 28 listed species hunted for their meat, three are Philippine endemic including the Yellow-breasted fruit dove, Visayan Tarictic Hornbill and the White-winged Cuckoo Shrike. The nests of four sies are gathered for food of which one is Philippine endemic. Some species also serve as environmental indicators for local people. They are used to predict the coming of rain and the time for planting.

Table 3. Birds of MKNP, their conservation status and local importance. Endemic species are in boldface. Conservation status is based on IUCN (1996).
Species	Common name	Local Name	Conservation Status	Local Uses
Ptilinopus arcanus	Negros Fruit Dove	Manunton	Negros endemic-critically threatened	Food, trade, pets
Ptilinopus occipitalis	Yellow breasted fruit dove	Dondonay	Phil endemic- relatively common	- do -
Macropygia phasianella	Slender billed cuckoo dove	Manok-manok	Non endemic- common	- do -
Gallicolumba keayi	Negros Bleeding Heart	Bangbanganay (lugom-lugom, yugom-yugom, tukmo)	Endemic-crtically threatened	- do -
Ducula pickeringii	Gray imperial pigeon	Balod
Columba vitiensis	Metallic wood pigeon	Agum-on (lubad-lubad, yugom-yugom)	Widespread-uncommon
Rionilurus diserurus	Blue headed Racket Tailed parrot	Tingiw	Endemic-uncommon
Loriculus philippensis	Phil. Hanging parakeet	Kulansi (kusi)	Endemic-common
Spizaetus philippensis	Phil. Hawk Eagle	Dapay	Phil. Endemic-vulnerable
Haliastus indus	Brahminy kite	Dapay	Widespread-common
Spilornis holospilus	Serpent Eagle	Tikwi	Widespread-common
Gallus gallus	Jungle fowl	Ilahas	Widespread-common
Chrysocolaptes lucidus	Crimson backed wood pecker	Maranday	Widespread-common
Coracina ostenta	White winged cuckoo shrike	Iyak-iyak	Phil. Endemic-vulnerable
Halcyon lyndsayi	Spotted wood king fisher	Salaksakan	Endemic- near threatened
Stachris speciosa	Rough templed tree babbler	Pilik-pilik	Endemic-endangered
Otus megalotis	Oriental screech owl	Bukaw	Endemic critically threatened
Penelopides panini	Tarictic Hornbill	Tularik	Endemic-critically threatened
Aceros l. Waldeni	Writhed billed horn bill	Talusi	Visayas endemic- critically threatened

b. Mammals, Amphibians and Reptiles

Six (6) species of fruit bats and 4 species of large mammals are mostly found in lowland and montane forests of the park. The MKNP survey recorded low species endemism in lowland habitats (40%) compared to both the montane and mossy forest habitats (66%). Mammals found in the lowland areas are not included in the IUCN Red List. However, the said list indicates that the Visayan Warty Pig found in the montane forest is critically endangered similar to the Philippine Spotted Deer found in the mossy forest habitat. Table 4 shows the list of important species of mammals in MKNP.

The Mammals of MKNP have high endemism in higher elevation, with species, specially the endangered ones very restricted in distribution, preferring habitats with less disturbance and a dense vegetation. Most of the listed mammalian species such as wild cat/civets, pigs, deer and fruit bats are food source for local hunters.

Table 5 also provides a listing of the species of amphibians and reptiles found in the park.

Table 4. Mammals of MKNP, their conservation status and local importance. Endemic species are in boldface. Conservation status is based on IUCN (1996).
Species	Common Name	Local Name	Conservation Status	Local Uses
Cervus alfredi	Phil. Spotted Deer	Usa	Visayan Endemic- endangered	Pet, food, trade
Sus cebifrons	Visayan Warty Pig	Talunon	Visayan endemic- endangered	Pet, food, trade
Prionalurus vampyrus	Philippine flying fox	Kabug	Widespread- threatened
Acedoron jubatus	Giant fruit bat	Kabug	Phil. Endemic- uncertain
Rionalurus bengalensis	Little leopard cat	Maral	Non Endemic- vulnerable


Table 5. Amphibians and Reptiles of MNKP, their conservation status and local importance . Endemic species are in boldface. Conservation status is based on IUCN (1996).
Species	Common Name	Local Name	Conservation Status	Local Uses
Phyton reticulatus	Reticulated phyton	Magkal	Widespread- common	Food, trade, pets
Varanus salvator	Monitor Lizard	Halo	Vulnerable	- do -
Hydrosaurus pustulatus	Sail fin lizard	Ibid	Common	- do -
Platymantis spelacus	Negros cave frogs	Paka	Unknown
Platymantis negrosensis	Negros forest frog	Manwit	Endemic-common	Food, trade
Planymatis hazelea	Hazel’s forest frog	Paka	Endemic-common
Rana erythrae	Common green frog	Manwit	Non endemic-common

Table 6 summarizes the local uses for faunal resources in MKNP. As indicated, many species are primarily used for food while others are collected as pets or as sources of materials for medical purposes.

Table 6. Faunal resource use in MKNP.
No. of Species	Uses	Conservation Status
28 species of birds	Meat serves as human food	Three are Philippine endemic species (Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove, Visayan Tarictic Hornbill, and the White-winged Cuckoo Shrike.
The nests of four swift species	Gathered for food	One of this is endemic to the Philippines Chaetura picina
13 species of birds	Collected as pets	6 species have economic uses as part of the pet trade.
3 species of birds	Community environmental indicators	C. picina and the Pied Wagtail, whose presence is believed to signal the coming of rain; while the call of the Philippine Frogmouth signals for the appropriate time for sowing rice seeds.
6 mammalian species	Reported as a food source for local hunters	These include two (2) species of fruit bat: the Common Short-nosed Fruit Bat and the Musky Fruit Bat; the Leopard Cat; the Common Palm; the Visayan Warty Pig and the Philippine or Visayan Spotted Deer, which are already in the threatened list of mammals.

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Halcyon lyndsayi

Stachris speciosa