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冷卻水機制 Cooling
Mechanism
廣義來說，冷卻機制包括冷卻水、機油等，凡能將熱帶離引擎
之機具物件均屬之。就冷卻水而言，流經汽缸套及其他升溫裝
置後，經由水龜開啟進入散熱器（水箱）。此時水溫與溫度開
關形成一套控制風扇啟閉的散熱系統。
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「熱處理」
冷卻風扇線路
改裝：
換低溫水龜
改溫度開關及線路
進氣管隔熱
Y32SE/
Z32SE參考資料
其他影響水溫表的因素（Catera
的溫度感應問題）
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All
About HEAT!
Wiring
Diagrams of radiator fans
Modifications:
Replacing Thermostat
Replacing Thermo-switch and Wiring Modification
Shield the DUAL-RAM ( Intake Tubes)
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節溫器（水龜）節溫器（水龜,
Thermostat ）
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溫度開關
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下、右兩圖是裝在水箱上的兩個溫度開關，分別標示
"XA" 及"WM"；各有兩組閞關。
"XA":
ELTH 268108/ GM 90458540
"WM":
ELTH 268076/ GM 90376209
Below: "XA"
fitted on the upper part of radiator ( S88 )
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Two thermo-switches
are fixed on the left side of radiator.
XA: 100/95 110/105
°C
WM: 120/115
105/100 °C
Below: "WM"
fitted on the lower part of radiator ( S128 )
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| 溫度控制係數 |
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下表這一套壓力及溫度控制係數一直為OPEL/
VAUXHALL
的汽油引擎所沿用。但是新一代排放標準的引擎（Z字頭）
出現後，這些數據有了重大改變；尤其在水溫方面，相對
於X, Y字頭的引擎規範，各段溫度都降低十度左右！如右
表。
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ON
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OFF
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Switch pressures
for triple switch
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Low pressure
safety switch
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250 kPa
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180 kPa
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High pressure
safety switch
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2000 kPa
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3000 kPa
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Auxiliary
fan switch
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1900 kPa
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1500 kPa
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Motronic switch
switch pressure 2)
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Engine speed
increase
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1100 kPa
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900 kPa
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Switch temperatures
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| Coolant
temperature switch (S 88-1) |
100
°C |
95
°C |
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Coolant temperature
switch (S 88-2)
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110 °C
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105 °C
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Coolant temperature
switch (S 128) contact 1
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105 °C
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100 °C
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Coolant temperature
switch (S 128) contact 2
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~115 °C
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120 °C
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然而從規格上看，Z
引擎的出力反而較 Y 引擎小些；究竟
是因應環保排放標準所作校調，或者因為改變汽缸結構
（additional casting connection for the cylinder bushing）
筆者實在不得而知，但是OPEL宣稱汽缸的修改可降低機油
消耗（The oil consumption of these engines has been
minimised as a result of this modification. ）；而 Z 引擎
的機油量也確實較 X/ Y少了一公升！若是因為機油量較少，
而冷卻水必須負擔較重的散熱工作，以致散熱風扇提早
工作成為無法避免的結果，似乎也是合理的推論。
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Technical
Data Z 32 SE
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Switch
pressures
(Absolute
pressures)
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ON
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OFF
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Low
pressure
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kPa
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>320
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<280
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High
pressure
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kPa
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<2400
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>3100
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Fan
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Pressure
stage 1
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kPa
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>1300
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<1000
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Pressure
stage 2
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kPa
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>1800
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<1500
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Pressure
stage 3
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kPa
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>2200
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<1800
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Pressure
stage 4
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kPa
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>2500
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<2200
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Fan Switch
temperatures
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ON
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OFF
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Temperature
stage 1
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°C
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>94
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<92
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Temperature
stage 2
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°C
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>97
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<95
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Temperature
stage 3
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°C
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>99
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<97
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Temperature
stage 3
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°C
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>101
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>99
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Fan
run-on
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°C
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>101
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after 2 min
or <92 °C
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Compressor
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°C
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<119
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>118
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| 冷卻風扇與輔助水泵之作動方式 |
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Omega
B 引擎冷卻機制藉由冷卻水、風扇、溫度開關、
散熱器及水泵等零件構成。三個冷卻風扇置於冷凝器與
水箱散熱器前後；前二（M4, M11）後一（M12）。
獨立受電時為全速運轉；串聯（M4, M11）或串接電阻
（M12）時為半速運轉。若以發生時點區分，則可以區分
為以下幾種情形：
一、引擎作動時
依據預設溫度，藉溫度開關啟閉及繼電器作動，使水箱
前後的三個風扇作三階段運轉。
二、空調作動時
固定使前方兩個風扇作半速運轉。冷媒壓力大於1900
kPa 時，壓力開關S20.3即觸動繼電器K28使輔助風扇
（即 M4）全速轉動。
三、熄火後
熄火後，主水泵已經不再運轉，為了避免高溫冷卻水
蓄積在引擎出水口附近，當水溫在低於95°C前，
使輔助水泵（M54，如右圖 Aux. pump）開始運轉，
將水箱入水口側的冷卻水強制旁路至出水口附近；
而風扇亦維持半速運轉。
另外值得一提的是：為了避免繼電器和ECU過熱，
引擎室電瓶後方的繼電器盒還裝了一個風扇
（Relay box fan ），在第一段水溫到達時啟動，
將空氣吹入繼電器盒內。
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各風扇正常作動情形
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引擎發動，A/C on |
M4,
M11半速 ( at half power ) |
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第一段水溫到達時 100 °C |
M4,
M11, M12 半速 |
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第二段水溫到達時 105 °C |
M4,
M11 全速， M12 半速 |
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上限溫度到達時 110 °C |
M4,
M11, M12 全速 |
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熄火後 |
M54（輔助水泵）開始轉,
直到低於第一段水溫 |
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拔掉S29(S20)壓力開關, 將3,4短路; 發動 |
M4
應全速轉動 |
溫度、壓力開關與繼電器及風扇作動關係
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Normal
operation of radiator fans
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A/C on |
M4,
M11 at half power |
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reaching 1st stage, 100C |
M4,
M11, M12 at half power |
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reaching 2nd stage, 105C |
M4,
M11 full speed, M12 at half power |
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reaching 3rd stage, 110C |
M4,
M11, M12 full speed |
| -ignition
off |
M54
(aux.pump) runs till temp. below 95C |
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S20.3 shorted |
M4
full speed |
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OM-B冷卻系統之缺憾與修改
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其實Omega-B在冷卻系統設計上有一大敗筆：
經過水箱冷卻的水，順著那條金屬水管竟然沿著
排氣管頭段上面走！（右圖）頭段上雖然有片鐵板
隔熱，但是實測溫度可以到達140度以上！而這條
金屬進水管在上面的距離短到一根手指頭都伸不
過去；冷卻水在這裡烤熱之後再回到引擎．．．
聽起來夠豬頭吧？
事實的確如此。
想了好久沒辦法替OPEL合理化，唯一的理由
大概是為了引擎的整體化和裝運方便吧？（X30XE/
X25XE是在英國製造的）要克服這個問題除了
綁頭段（工程太大）以外，似乎可以用些隔熱材料
作處理，但是縫隙很小，尤其接近防火牆那邊幾乎
是貼著鐵板走；所以大概只能綁水管了！
（有力氣的人可以考慮截直取彎，只要離開頭段，
應該會有效果！）
一般強化汽車冷卻系統的方法不出以下幾種：
1. 加大散熱面積
藉由散熱面積擴大以增加熱交換的效率。市面上
也有提供所謂 雙排水箱的改裝。
2. 提前風扇運轉
藉由強制冷卻的提前運轉是蠻有效果的改裝；
但是要注意：
a. 最好配合節溫器改裝，以免「冷風吹冷水」。
b. 提前風扇運轉通常經由溫度開關的更換；應
注意線路配合 的問題，以免第一段運轉就
吵死人！
對於Omega-B來說，另外還有幾個可以思考的
方向：
3. 冷卻水管的路徑有其不合理之處，如果將回水管
作適當調整與 隔熱（下圖），應該也有相當效果。
4. 96年以後配置北歐規格的空調裝置，副水箱下
另有一個熱水箱 用的輔助水泵；可以改作加速
冷卻水流動之用。 （參考：
David
Jackson 的改裝）
5. 車頭燈備有毫無用途的沖洗裝置，可以改作散熱器
的灑水降溫器。
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There is a dispointing
design on the cooling system of Omega-B: After being cooled in the radiator,
coolant runs thrugh a pipe which is just above the exhaust frame ( above
) ! As you can see, though there are pieces of thin plates beneath the
water pipe, but they are so closed that you could not even put a credit
card between them! Temperature on the plates is over 140C after field
measured. You can realize that it is rediculous enough to put cooled
coolant on the hottest part of the engine before its running to the
engine for its assignment.
The only reason
I can think of ,is for the intergrate and transportation of the engines
(X30XE and X25XE are made in British ). Though we can tie the exhaust
pipes with asbestos or even teflon tape, but it's tougher than what
we can DIY:
1. Get a larger
radiator with dual or triple piped ( It's easy to get a customed one
in Taiwan).
2. Make radiator fans run earlier. ( But you better a. replacing the
thermostat first to avoid fans run before thermostat opens. b. You may
get lower temp. thermo-switches as you like, but notice that circuit
modification might be necessary to prevent fans-chaos! )
There are some other methods:
3. Re-adjust the coolant pipe path. ig. do some isolation ( left ),
bend or custom a new pipe just away from exhaust frame.
4. Using those head-lamp shower to spray in front of radiator!
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| 冷卻系統線路圖
The Wiring Diagrams of Cooling System |
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Circuit Diagram
for B-15, (X25XEV, X30XEV engines)
Circuit, Radiator
Fan Motors M4, M11, M12,
Relay Box Fan Motor M28,
Coolant Pump Run-on M54
K22 Coolant
pump run-on relay
K26 Radiator
fan relay
K28 Radiator
fan relay
K48 Radiator
fan relay
K52 Radiator
fan relay
K60 Air conditioning
compressor speed relay
K67 Radiator
fan relay
K87 Radiator
fan relay
M4 Radiator
fan motor
M11 Radiator
fan relay
M12 Radiator
fan relay
M28 Relay
box fan motor
X20XEV的線路
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Z32SE參考資料
top |
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Y32SE參考資料
top |
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Technical
Data Z 32 SE |
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Technical
Data – Group "D" |
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Radiator,
Replace (Z 32 SE, with AC, LHD) |
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Coolant
Pipe, Replace (Z 32 SE, with AC, LHD) |
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Coolant
Intake Pipe, Remove and Install |
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Thermostat
with Coolant Outlet Connection, Remove and Install (Z 32 SE,
with AC, LHD)
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Coolant
Bridge, Remove and Install (Z 32 SE, with AC, LHD) |
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Coolant
Bridge, Remove and Install |
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Coolant
Pump, Remove and Install (Z 32 SE, with AC, RHD) |
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Coolant
Pump, Remove and Install |
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Coolant
Circuit – V6 |
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Coolant
Circuit – V6 |
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