FROGS OF SINGAPORE

Singapore may not be a hotbed of amphibian biodiversity, but 26 species of frogs from five families is a nice selection for the beginner to observe and identify. Hopefully as this page grows, it will assist Singaporeans to identify the various frogs that they share the island with.

CLASS AMPHIBIA - Amphibians

Order Gymnophiona - Caecilians
Family Ichthyophiidae
Ichthyophis sp.

Order Anura - Frogs and Toads
Family Megophryidae (formerly Pelobatidae) - Spadefoots, Archaic Frogs
- Malayan Horned Frog aka Horned Toad (Megophrys nasuta) Uncommon primary forest species
- Black-eyed Litter Frog (Leptobrachium nigrops)Common forest species

Family Bufonidae - 'true' Toads
- Asian Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus (formerly Bufo melanostictus)) Common commensual
X Four-ridged Toad (Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus) (formerly Bufo quadriporcatus))Uncommon forest species
X Saint Andrew's Cross Toadlet (Pelophryne brevipes)Rare primary forest species

Family Dicroglossidae (formerly within Ranidae)
- Crab-eating Frog or Mangrove Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)
(formerly Limnonectes cancrivora & formerly Rana cancrivora)
 Common commensual
- Field Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis (formerly Limnonectes limnocharis)) Common commensual
- Malayan Giant Frog (Limnonectes blythii (formerly Rana blythii)) Common forest species
- Malesian Frog (Limnonectes malesianus)
(formerly Limnonectes malesiana & formerly Rana malesiana
& formerly confused with Rana macrodon)
 Uncommon forest species
X Masked Swamp Frog (Limnonectes paramacrodon (formerly Rana paramacrodon)) Uncommon swamp forest species
- Rhinoceros Frog (Limnonectes plicatellus (formerly Rana plicatella)) Uncommon swamp forest species
- Yellow-bellied Puddle Frog (Occidozyga sumatrana)
(formerly confused with Phrynoglossus laevis which was formerly Occidozyga laevis)
 Common forest species

Family Ranidae
- Golden-eared Rough-sided Frog (Pulchrana baramica)
(formerly Rana baramica & confused with Masked Rough-sided Frog)
 Uncommon forest species
X Masked Rough-sided Frog (Pulchrana laterimaculata)
(formerly confused with Rana baramica)
 Uncommon forest species
- Copper-cheek Frog (Hydrophylax raniceps (formerly confused with Rana chalconota)) Common forest species
- Common Greenback aka Padifield Frog (Hylarana erythraea (formerly Rana erythraea)) Common commensual
X American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)Introduced commensual

Family Rhacophoridae - Asian Tree Frogs
X Blue-spotted Bush Frog (Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus)
(formerly confused with Blue-legged Tree Frog (Rhacophorus bimaculatus))
 Rare primary forest species
- Spotted Tree Frog (Nyctixalus pictus)Uncommon primary forest species
- Four-lined Tree Frog or Common Tree Frog (Polypedates leucomystax)Common commensual
X Thorny Tree Frog (Theloderma horridum)Rare forest species

Family Microhylidae
- Banded Bullfrog (Kaloula pulchra)Common commensual
- Painted Chorus Frog (Microhyla butleri)Common commensual
- Dark-sided Chorus Frog (Microhyla heymonsi)Common commensual
X Manthey's Chorus Frog (Microhyla mantheyi)
(formerly confused with Bornean Chorus Frog (Microhyla borneensis))
 Rare forest species
- East Asian Ornate Chorus Frog (Microhyla fissipes) Rare secondary forest species
- Black-spotted Sticky Frog (Kalophrynus pleurostigma) Uncommon primary forest species
An "X" indicates no photograph available as yet.

List of Families in Order Anura with no representatives in Singapore:
Arthroleptidae
Ascaphidae (Tailed Frogs)
Atelopodidae (Bufonidae)
Brachycephalidae (Shield Toads)
Centrolenidae (Glass Frogs, Leaf Frogs)
Dendrobatidae (Poison & Dart-poison Frogs)
Discoglossidae (Fire-bellied Toads)
Gobiatidae +
Heleophrynidae (Ghost Frogs)
Hemisidae
Hylidae (Treefrogs)
Hyperoliidae (African Reed Frogs)
Leiopelmatidae (Ribbed Frogs)
Leptodactylidae
 Myobatrachidae (Australian Frogs)
Notobatrachidae +
Palaeobatrachidae +
Pelodytidae (European Spadefoot Toads)
Phrynomeridae (Microhylidae)
Pipidae (Tongueless Frogs)
Prosaliridae +
Pseudidae (Paradox Frogs)
Rhinodermatidae (Darwin's Frogs)
Rhinophrynidae (Burrowing Toads)
Sooglossidae (Seychelle Frogs)
Tregobatrachidae +

General Bibliography

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Lim, Kelvin K. P. and Francis L. K. Lim
1992. A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore.
Singapore: Singapore Science Centre.

Teo, R C H and S Rajathurai
1997. 'Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Nature Reserves of Singapore - Diversity, Abundance and Distribution' IN The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49(1997) 353-425.

Vertebrate Study Group, Nature Society (Singapore)
2008. Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes.
Singapore: Draco Publishing.

Standard format of records:
Scientific name, English name, Chinese name, Malay name, Description, Call, Behaviour, Diagnostic, Habitat, Range, Status.

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