Ubin, rubber plantation, 19 Aug 2000.

Kranji farms, 12 Apr 2008.

Duttaphrynus melanostictus (formerly Bufo melanostictus) English: Asian Toad Chinese: 黑眶蟾蜍 (hei1 kuang4 chan2 chu2) (trans. black eye socket toad?) Description: Tadpole is black and fast-growing. The rate of growth is probably a factor for it's success. The emergent is surprisingly tiny. Habitat: Commensal commonly found in urban grasssy areas but also at forest edge. Tadpoles seem to require relatively clean water. I have problems keeping the froglets alive in a damp environment unlike the ranids. Behaviour: Nocturnal.

Tadpoles raised in 2001

MacRitchie Reservoir, 10 Aug 2000.

MacRitchie Reservoir, 10 Aug 2000.

Female, Sime Forest, 30 Dec 2004.

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (formerly Bufo quadriporcatus) English: Four-ridged Toad Habitat: Breeds in stagnant puddles. Status: Found near swampy areas in the reserves.

Female, Sime Forest, 30 Dec 2004.

Pelophryne brevipes English: Saint Andrew's Cross Toadlet Habitat: Arboreal forest-dependent species. Breeds in tree holes. Behaviour: Nocturnal. For Singapore, last seen in 1989.