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be,have,do

shall,should,will,
would,can,could,
may,might

have to,must,need,
needn't

dare,ought to,used to

had better,
would(had)rather,
would (had) sooner
r

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BE , HAVE , DO
1. Be - ���ٻ�������ѡ��� am , is are , was , were , been , being
�Ը���
1. ��� Continuous Tenses ( Verb to be + V- ing)
- Present continuous tense
I am working.
�ѹ���ѧ�ӧҹ
He is reading the newspaper.
�ҡ��ѧ��ҹ˹ѧ��;����
They are walking along a path.
�ǡ�ҡ��ѧ�Թ仵���ҧ�Թ
- Part continuous tense
He was running.
�ҡ��ѧ��� (�ʹյ)
They were playing football.
�ǡ�ҡ��ѧ��蹿ص��� (�ʹյ)
He was trying to win her heart.
�Ҿ�������Ҫ����� (�ʹյ)
2. ��� passive voice 㹤���������� " �١��з� "
I am blamed.
�ѹ�١��˹�
The ball was hit.
�١��Ŷ١��
He was punished.
�Ҷ١����
3. �� Verb to be ��ٻ�ͧ Present tense + Infinitive
- �����ʴ��֧Ἱ��÷����������������ǧ˹�ҡ�͹����
( To express a previously arranged plan )
I am to go to London tomorrow.
�ѹ����͹�͹���觹��
She is to be married next month.
�ͨ��觧ҹ��͹˹��
Helen is to work in the factory.
���Ź�зӧҹ��ç�ҹ��觹��
- �������¶֧����й�����͹ ( To convey instructions )
You are to go to at once to the police. �س�е�ͧ仾����˹�ҷ����Ǩ�ѹ��
They are to make every effort to find the man.
�ǡ�Ҩе�ͧ����������Ҫ�¤������龺

4. �� Verb to be 㹻���¤����� ���ٻ�ç���ҧ�ѧ���

Be + Adjective

Be quite! Please.
��س���º� ˹��¤�Ѻ
" Don't be angry with me " she pleaded.
" �����ø�ԩѹ��� " ����͹�͹

WAS/WERE
�Ը���
1. ��� Indirect Speech ����ͤӡ���һ��� ������ٻ�ͧʹյ��� ( Part Tense )
He said that she was to go.
�Ҿٴ����ͨе�ͧ�
N.B. ���ѧࡵ�������� ����һ��Ԣͧ����¤���
said �����ʹյ��Ŵ���㹷չ����� " was "
2. �� Was/Were + Perfect Infinitive �������¶֧Ἱ��úҧ���ҧ����ѧ�����
�������ѧ�ѧ����������
Mr. Pitt was to have made a speech at this meeting but he is still in hospital
so Mrs. Pitt is speaking instead.

Perfect infinitive
��¾Է�е�ͧ������ع�þ���㹡�û�Ъ�����駹�� �����ѧ������ç��Һ��
�ѧ��鹹ҧ�Է�֧��ͧ������ع�þ���᷹
Be- ��������繡���һ��Ը����� ( Be used as an ordinary verb )
�Ը���
5. �����ʴ��֧��������� ( To denote existence)
- Be ���¶֧��������� ���͡������������������´����ǡѺ�ؤ��������觢ͧ
Tom is a carpenter.
����繪�ҧ���
The dog is in the garden.
�عѢ������ǹ
Peter was tall and fair.
�������繤��٧���˹�ҵҴ�
It was a present from my father.
�ѹ�繢ͧ��ѭ�ҡ�س��ͧ͢�ѹ
- ����ҡ�ӹ����ǹ������觪��ŧ���Ѵ�������������觢ͧ���� ������Ҩй����� There + Verb to be �ҡ����
(A) ����¤��� : A man is in the hall.
����¤���� : There is a man in the hall.
�ժ�¤�˹���������ͧ⶧
(B) ����¤��� : An egg is in the nest.
����¤���� : There is an egg in the nest.
����ͧ˹��������ѧ
6. �����ʴ��֧��Ҿ��ҧ�����ШԵ㨢ͧ�ؤ��
I am hot / cold.
����͹ / ˹��
He will be angry.
�Ҩ��ø
She was delighted.
������֡���
7. �����ʴ��֧���� ( Age )
I am twenty-five years old.
�ѹ������ 25 ��
That church is 400 years old.
�ʶ���ѧ��������� 400 ��
8. �����ʴ��֧���зҧ ( distance )
How far is it to Canterbury ?
���зҧ�᤹���������������
It is sixty miles. �� 60 ����
9. �����ʴ��֧�Ҥ� ( price )
How much is it ? �Ҥ������
It is six baht. �Ҥ� 6 �ҷ
Is it expensive ? ᾧ���
10. �����ʴ��֧��Ҿ�ͧ�ҡ�� ( weather )
It is a nice day. �ѹ����ҡ�ȴ�
It is windy. �ѹ������ç�ըѧ
Is it cold ? ˹�����
11. �����ʴ��֧���� ( time ) ����ѹ��� (date)
What time is it ? ����������
It is eleven o'clock. ���� 11 ���
What is the date ? �ѹ��������
It is December 8. �ѹ��� 8 �ѹ�Ҥ�
2. HAVE - ���ٻẺ�������ѡ��� has , have , had , having
�Ը���
�� Have � Tenses ���仹��
- Present Perfect tense
We have had our breakfast already.
�����ҹ������������
She has gone to her mother-in law's house. ������ѧ��ҹ�ͧ������
- Part Perfect Tense
They had gone home. �ǡ����仺�ҹ
She had learnt to wash and cook. �������¹����Ըա����ҧ�ҹ��л�ا�����
- Future Perfect Tense
The show will have stared by the time we get home.
����ʴ���������鹡�͹���ҷ����Ҩ�件֧��ҹ
He will have left home in an hour.
�Ҩ����͡�ҡ��ҹ��ա˹�觪��������ҧ˹��


- Perfect Conditional Tense
I should have worked in that factory. �ѹ��è���ӧҹ��ç�ҹ��觹��
He would have gone in a few minutes.
�Ҥ�è����� 2-3 �ҷ�
2. �� Have + Infinitive�����ʴ��֧��úѧ�Ѻ����ͧ��з��������˹��
I had to buy some new shoes last week. �ѹ��ͧ�����ͧ��Ҥ������������ѻ����������
You have to go to school now. �س��ͧ��ç���¹����ǹ��
N.B. 㹡��ʹ��� ���ٴ�ѡ�оٴ��§ have to ���� had to ��ҹ�� ���С���һ��
� ��ǹ�����㹰ҹ������� ��
I didn't want to stop it but I had to (stop) as I needed petrol.
�ѹ����ͧ�����ش (ö) ����ͧ (��ش)
���Щѹ��ͧ����������ѹö
3. �� have � Causative form ����繻���¤����ʴ�֧��觷������ͧ������
���ҧ�����ҹ��餹���
����� �������ö������ get ᷹ have ���·���դ����������ǡѹ)
�ѧ�ç���ҧ���仹��
Subject Have / Get
(Any tense) Something Past Participle
������ҧ
I could't get enough money to have the clock repaired.
�ѹ�������ö�����Թ�Ҿ���§���Ы������ԡ� (��餹��蹫������)
She had always got her house painted in June.
�����ҧ��餹�ҷ��պ�ҹ�ͧ�������������͹�Զع�¹
㹡óշ������кت��ͧ͢�ؤ�� �����кغؤ��㴺ؤ��˹����੾������ҡ�з��������˹����� (��ҧ������ҷ�) �ç���ҧ�ͧ����¤�����ҧ get �Ѻ have ���繴ѧ���


Subject Have
(any tense) Person (�ؤ��)
�����Ң���ͧ���ͨ�ҧ Infinitive
without to Something
Subject Get
(any tense) Person (�ؤ��)
�����Ң���ͧ���ͨ�ҧ Infinitive
with to Something

������ҧ
(1) The old lady has always had us water her flowers.
The old lady has always got us to water her flowers.
˭ԧ��Ҥ��������Ҩ�ҧ��������ô��Ӵ͡���ͧ������ �
(2) We are having the carpenter repair the door.
We are getting the carpenter to repair the door.
��Ҩ�ҧ��ҧ����ҫ�����е�
Have - ��������繡���һ��� (HAVE used as an ordinary verb)
�Ը���
4. Have 㹤������·���ʴ��֧�������Ңͧ (possession)
����� "��"
He has blue eyes. ���յ��տ��
They have a big house. �ǡ���պ�ҹ��ѧ�˭�
I have a lot of free time. �ѹ��������ҧ�ҡ
N.B. ����� Have �դ���������� "��" �й������ٻ�ͧ
Continuous forms �����
�١ : They have a big house.
�Դ : They are having a big house.
5. Have ���¶֧�Ѻ��зҹ (�����) , ���� (���, ����) , �Һ��� , ���
We have lunch at twelve.
��ҷҹ��������§�͹ 12 ���
Do you have breakfast at eight ?
�س�ҹ������������ 8 �������
Do you want to have a drink ?
�س�д����������
She has a headache. �ͻǴ�����
I have a bath at ten. �ѹ�Һ��ӵ͹ 10 ���
6. Have ���¶֧ �Ѵ (�ҹ����§) , ������ʹءʹҹ (��ᢡ�����������)
They are having a party tomorrow. �ǡ�ҨШѴ�ҹ����§��ͧ�ѹ���觹��
He is having the guests.
�ҡ��ѧ���ҧ����ʹءʹҹ��ᢡ
7. Have ���¶֧ ༪ԭ�Ѻ�ػ��ä���ͤ����ҡ�Ӻҡ
Did you have trouble with the Customs? �س���ʺ�����Ӻҡ����ҡ�Ѻ��ҹ��šҡ��������
Do you have any problems with your job? �س�ջѭ������ҡ�Ѻ�ҹ�ͧ�س��������
8. Have ���¶֧ �ջ��ʺ��ó� , ʹءʹҹ
I hope you'll have a good holiday. �ѹ��ѧ��Ҥس�������Ѻ����ʹءʹҹ��ѹ��ش
3. Do - ���ٻ�������ѡ ��� do, does, did, done, doing
�Ը���
1. �� DO ������ա����§��á���ǫ�Ӥӡ���һ��Ե�����
(To avoid repetition)
�. 㹡óշ�����µ���ѹ (Agreement)
1. Tom speaks a lot. Yes, he does.
����ٴ�ҡ �� �Ҿٴ�ҡ
2. She sang well. Yes, she did.
����ͧ�ŧ���� ������ͧ�ŧ����
3. He didn't go. No. he didn't
�������� ��� ��������
�. 㹡óշ��Ѵ��駡ѹ (Disagreement)
1. Your dogs bark a lot. No, they don't
�عѢ�ͧ�س�����ҡ ��� �ѹ��������ҡ
2. You eat too much. No, I don't.
�س�ҹ�ҡ�Թ� ���� �ѹ�����ҹ�ҡ�Թ�
�. 㹡ó�������� (Additions)
1. He likes wine and so do we. �Ҫͺ��������� �������ͧ��ͺ��������͹�ѹ
2. He doesn't like caviar and neither do I. �����ͺ�ҹ���Ҥ���������Щѹ�ͧ�����ͺ
3. He lives at home but I don't.
��������������ҹ ��ѹ����
4. John doesn't drive a car but I do.
�������Ѻö¹�� ��ѹ�Ѻ
5. My mother doesn't like salmon and I don't either.
�س������ͺ�ҹ������͹ ��Щѹ�ͧ�����ͺ
��ͤ���ѧࡵ �����ѡ���¹�ѧࡵ��оԨ�óҡ���� so, neither
��� either ���մ��� 㹷����
�����¹����ػ�ѧ���
����¤����ʸ. neither + Special Finites + ��иҹ
nor (��ٻ�͡����)
�� : He doesn't like caviar, neither (nor) do I.
I don't like dancing, neither does my mother.
����¤����ʸ, ��иҹ+ Special Finites + verb��ͧ 1 +either
(��ٻ����ʸ)
�� : My mother doesn't like salmon, I don't like either.
I don't like dancing , my mother doesn't like either.
����¤�͡���� ,and + so + Special Finites + ��иҹ
(�ٻ�͡����)
�� : He likes wine , and so do we.
I love music, and so does my mother.
����¤�͡���� ,and + ��иҹ + Special Finites + too
�� : I love music, and my father does too.
He likes wine, and I do too.
�. 㹡óշ���� Question-tags
1. He lives here, doesn't he ? �������������������
2. She didn't see you, did she ? �������繤س��͡����
3. Mr. Brown likes to play football, doesn't he? ��º���ǹ�ͺ��蹿ص�������
2. �� Do 㹡�õͺ�Ӷ�� Yes/No questions ������ա����§��á���ǫ�ӡ���һ���
1. Do you smoke ? Yes, I do. ( = Yes, I smoke) �س�ٺ�������������� ����ٺ
2 Does she wear glasses ? No, she doesn't . �������蹵��������� ��������������
3. �� Do �����ʴ���â���ͧ �����ԭ ���ͪѡ�ǹ
Do come with me. �ҡѺ�ѹ���
Do work a little harder . �ӧҹ���˹ѡ����ա˹���
Do help me, please . ��سҪ��¼�˹��¤�Ѻ
4. �� Do �����ʴ������繴��������Թ�������з����觹����
Shall I write to him ? Yes.
�ѹ����¹��������� ���� ������
������� Do

Do - ��������繡���һ��� ( Do used an an ordinary verb )
�Ը���
5. ��㹻���¤����ʸ, �Ӷ�� � Simple Present Tense ��� Simple past Tense
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
I do not do that work.
I never do like that.
Does he do that job ? I did not do that work.
I never did like that.
Did he do that job ?

6. �� Do 㹡�÷ѡ���ʹ��� ( Conversation )
John : Miss Jane, may I introduce Miss Mary ?
Miss Mary : How do you do ?
Miss Jane : How do you do ?

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