- ��ҡ���ҹ���� Past �����㹻���¤��ͧ�� Past ������ѡɳ� more past �ѧ���
Present Simple �� Past Simple
Direct : He said, "I want to swim."
Indirect : He said that he wanted to swim.
Present Continuous �� Past Continuous
Direct : He said, "I am swimming in the canal."
Indirect : He said that he was swimming in the canal.
Present Perfect �� Past Perfect
Direct : He said, "I have swum in the river for two hours."
Indirect : He said that he had swum in the river for two hours.

Past Simple �� Past Perfect
Direct : He said, "I swum I the river."
Indirect : He said that he had swum in the river.
Will �� would,
shall �� should,
may �� might,
can �� could
Direct : He said, "I shall go there."
Indirect : He said that he should go there.
Direct : He said, "I may be a bit late."
Indirect : He said that he might be a bit late.

�. �������¹�ŧ��þ����ؤ��
�ѧࡵ����¤������ҧ��������� ����������þ����ؤ����仵����иҹ
Direct : He said, "I am reading the book."
Indirect : He said that he was reading a book.
(I ���¶֧ He ����ͧ, �ѧ��鹨֧����¹ I �� he)
�. ����¹�ŧ���ʴ�������� �繤��ʴ�������ҧ��
������� (Direct) ������ (Indirect)
This
These
Here
Now
Ago
Today
Tomorrow
Yesterday
tonight That
Those
There
Then
Before
That day ,The day be fore
The next day ,The following day
The day before ,The previous day
The night before
������ҧ
Direct : He said, "This the house where she lives."
Indirect : He said that was the house where she lived.

Direct : "I can go with her tomorrow", he said
Indirect : He said that he could go with her the next day.

2. �������¹�Ӿٴ����繤Ӷ�� (Question)
����¤�Ӷ��Ẻ Direct �� 2 Ẻ���
1. Ẻ���Ӵ��� Question Words
(Who, Whom, What, Which, When, Why, Where, How) ��
Who are you?
Where do you live?
2. Ẻ���Ӵ��¡���Ҿ���� (Special Finites) ��
Are you reading this story?
Can you do this?
�������¹����¤�Ӷ������鹵鹴��� Question Words �� Indirect Speech
1. ����¹ Said �� asked
2. ���§��㹻���¤��ѧ���ʴ��Ӷ������繻���¤�͡����
3. �������¹�ŧ Tense ��͵����ѡ��������Ңͧ Statement ��
Direct : He said to me, "What is your name?
Indirect : He asked me what my name was.

Direct :"Where are you going?" he said to her.
Indirect : He asked her where she was going.
�������¹����¤�Ӷ������鹵鹴��¡���Ҿ����
(Special Finites) �� Indirect Speech
1.��ѡ��÷��������͹ 2 ��Ѻ�á
2.�������� If , Whether (����˹����)
㹤���������� "�������" ��
Direct : "Can your sister speak English ?" he said to me.
Indirect : He asked me if my sister could speak English. ����
He asked me whether my sister could speak English.
����� If ���� Whether �繤������������ or not �����ѧ������
Indirect : He asked me if she lived there. ����
He asked me if she lived there or not.
= He asked me whether she lived there or not.
= He asked me whether or not she lived there.

3.�������¹�Ӿٴ����繤�������͢���ͧ (Orders or Requests)
1. �������¹ said, said to 㹻���¤ Direct ��
Commanded ����Ѻ��·��áѺ�ŷ���
Ordered ����Ѻ��¡Ѻ����
Told �繤ӡ�ҧ��������
Asked ����Ѻ��â���ͧ���ҧ���Ҿ
Begged ����Ѻ����¤����ͧ������Ҿ��觢��
Warned ����Ѻ����͹
2. ���㹢�� 1 �蹡ѹ ���ǵ������ Object + to + verb + ����Ѻ����¤�͡����
3. ��� to ŧ���»���¤�Ӿٴ��ԧ
4. ����¹�� Pronoun ����������
5. 㹡óշ���繤�������� ����鹵鹴��� Don't ����� not to
�繤������ ��
Direct : I said to my mother, "Please give me five baht."
Indirect : I begged my mother to give me five baht.

Direct : The master said to the servant, "Bring me a glass of water."
Indirect : The master told the servant to bring him a glass of water.

Direct : He said to the soldiers, "Stand still."
Indirect : He commanded the soldiers to stand still.