يكون الفعل مبني للمعلوم :ـ
إذا قام الفاعل ( المبتدأ ) بالحدث أو الفعل ( أي اننا نعرف
الفاعل )
e.g: The boy broke the window
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المبني للمجهول
يكون الفعل مبني للمجهول
اذا كنا نهتم بالفعل او الحدث بصرف النظر عن الفاعل .
( أي لا نهتم بالفاعل بل الحدث و المفعول به )
e.g: The window was broken
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الإستعمال
أغراض إستعمال في حالة المبني للمجهول .
أ ـ اذا لم نعرف الفاعل
ب ـ اذا أردنا تجاهل الفاعل خصوصا ً اذا كان الفاعل أحد
الضمائر التالية :
(
He/she /it
/someone/somebody/something...........)
ملاحظة : إذا اردنا تحويل الجملة من المعلوم الى المجهول
علينا تحويل الفعل حسب الجدول التالي
معلوم
active
مجهول
passive
Simple present
تصريف أول Is , am , are + P.P
Simple past
تصريف ثاني
Was , were +
P.P
Past perfect ( Had + P.P )
Had + been + P.P
Present perfect ( has/ have + P.P ) Have / has + been + P.P
Must
+ تصريف أول
Must + be +
P.P
Will / can / shall
+ تصريف أول Will /shall / can +
be + P.P
Have to / has to
+ تصريف أول Have to /has to /
be + P.P
Is / am / are + going to
+ تصريف أول
Is / am / are
+ going to + be + P.P
Was / were + going to
+ تصريف اول
Was / were +
going to + be + P.P
Had to
+ تصريف أول
Had to + be +
P.P
Would / should / could
+ تصريف ثالث
Would / could / + have + been + P.P
Would / could / should + have + P.P
Would / should / could + have + been + P.P
Present continuous ( is , am , are ) + ing Is / am / are +
being + P.P
Past continuous ( was , were + ing ) Was /were + being +
P.P
الجدول التالي يبين كيفية تحويل الضمائر
جدول رقم ( 2 )
I me
He him She her
It it
We us
You you
They them
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انواع جمل المبني للمجهول
1- الجملة الخبرية
2- النفي
3- المفعولين
4- افعال الحواس
5- الأمثلة
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أولا : الجملة الخبرية
القاعدة العامة
Active
فاعل + فعل + مفعول
Passive
مفعول + فعل محول
فاعل + فعل + مفعول
مفعول + فعل محول
نقلنا المفعول إلى بداية الجملة مع تحويله إذا كان ضمير
حولنا الفعل وذلك حسب الجدول الأول
ملاحظة : إذا وجد في الجملة حال فإنه يقع بين الفعل المساعد و
الفعل الأصلي .
مثال :
Widad spoke the word quietly .
The words were quietly spoken
.
تمارين
Doing the ward has increased my confidence .
My confidence ……………………………….
We are going to hold the meeting .
The meeting …………………….
My mother makes cakes well .
Cakes ……………………………..
My mother was spoking dinner when I got home .
Dinner ………………………………
Let me go now .
I ……………………………………..
The earthquake killed many people and destroyed houses .
Many people
…………………………
ملاحظة : إذا ربطنا جملتين بحرف عطف علينا تحول الجملتين .
إذا ربطنا الجملتين بأدوات ظرفية علينا تحويل الجملة الرئيسية
( الجملة التي لا تتبع الأدوات الظرفية )
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ثانيا : الأسئلة
Active aux + subject + verb + object + comp ?
Passive aux( changed) + object + P.P + comp ?
Have you ever seen Petra ?
Has Petra ever been seen
?
مساعد ( معلوم )
مساعد ( مجهول )
Do / Does
+ تصريف أول
Is / am / are
+ مفعول + تصريف ثالث
Did
+
تصريف أول
Was / were
+ مفعول + تصريف ثالث
Have / has
+ تصريف ثالث
Have / has
+ مفعول + been
+ فعل ثالث
Had
+
تصريف ثالث
Had
+ مفعول + been
+ تصريف ثالث
Will / shall / can
+ تصريف أول
Will / shall /
can + مفعول +
be
+ فعل ثالث
Is / am / are + ing
Is / am / are
+ مفعول + being
+ فعل ثالث
Was / were + ing
Was / were
+ مفعول + being
+ فعل ثالث
الخطوات
حولنا الفعل المساعد حسب الجدول السابق
نقلنا المفعول بعد الفعل المساعد المحول
حولنا إلى التصريف الثالث
وضعنا تكملة السؤال
تمارين
Will you buy a new house next year ?
Will ………………………………… ?
Did your teacher give you test ?
Were ……………………………….. ?
Are you digging this hole ?
Is
…………………………………… ?
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السؤال الإستفهامي
Actives
Wh+aux + subject + verb+object + comp?
Passive
wh+ aux ( changed ) + object + verb( changed ) + comp
?
ملاحظة : لا فرق في التحويل بين سؤال (
yes , no
) و سؤال ( wh
)
تمارين
Who spoiled this painting yeasterday ?
Who …………………………………………………. ?
When did you paint the door white ?
When ………………………………………………… ?
Whom have you met there ?
Whom
……………………………………………….. ?
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افعال الحواس
افعال الحواس هي : ـ
Feel Watch
Touch
Hear
See
Observe
Notice Sense
يشعر
يشاهد
يلمس
يسمع
يرى
يراقب
يلاحظ يحس
القاعدة
Active subject + verb + object + verb (ing) + comp ?
Passive object + verb ( changed ) +to +base + comp ?
I saw him entering the shop .
He was seen to enter the shop
.
تمارين
He has watched me cleaning my room .
I ……………………………………….
They observed you run quickly .
You ……………………………………..
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النفي
القاعدة
Active
subject + didn't + object
Passive
object + isn't / aren't / amn't + P.P
Active
subject + didn't + base + object .
Passive
object + wasn't / weren't + P.P
.
تمارين
She didn't invite us to dinner in the gallery .
We …………………………………………
He doesn't promise anyone .
Anyone …………………………………….
They don't teach you English .
You
………………………………………
ملاحظة تعامل الكلمات التالية معاملة النفي :
"
nobody , no
one , nothing "
e.g :
No one asked you to come >
You weren't asked to come .
Nothing prevents me to stay here .
I ……………………………………..
Nobody has told them to do it .
They …………………………………
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المفعولين
القاعدة
Active
subject + verb
+ مفعول عاقل + مفعول غير العاقل +
comp .
Passive
مفعول غير العاقل +
verb(changed) + to
مفعول عاقل + comp .
She gave me a book
Abook was given to me
.
تمارين
They will send you a litter .
You ……………………..
We have asked them a question .
A question …………………….
She had promised her a gift .
A gift …………………………..
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تمارين عامة على المبني للمجهول
They will sell all eggs in the street today >
All eggs ……………………………………………….
He always injuries his legs matches .
His legs ………………………………………………….
No one found the lost match .
The lost match …………………………………………
Who saw her in the market yesterday ?
Who ………………………………………………………
Has any one taught English before you came ?
Have ………………………………………………………
When you arrive she will have written the exercise .
The exercise ………………………………………………..
Some body looked after this child well .
This child ……………………………………………………
No body has ever written such a book before .
Such a book …………………………………………………
I thought they would ask me many question .
It was thought ………………………………………………
Although every body knew me in a collage , no one takes
nofice of me now .
I ……………………………………………………………………………
fleming discovered pencillin .
Pencillin
.......................................................................................................
Our neighbour ought to paint the garage .
The garage
.................................................................................................
You can improve your health with more exercise .
Your health
...............................................................................................
A dog is chasing the child .
The child
...................................................................................................
They are going to adopt the new syllabus next year .
The new syllabus
...............................................................................
People must obey the law
The law
...................................................................................................
You should water this plant daily
This plant
.................................................................................................
He gave me a present .
I
...................................................................................................................
The grader has planted some trees .
some trees
.................................................................................................
Some one had broken our door down .
Our door
......................................................................................................
We don't grow tea in Jordan .
Tea
............................................................................................................
She waters the plants daily .
The plants
...................................................................................................
They grow bananas in Africa .
Bananas
....................................................................................................
My mother hasn't washedthe dishes yet .
The dishes
................................................................................................
Lamis has to return these books to the libary .
The books
................................................................................................
The police have oraganized a search for the robbers .
A search for hte robbers
.....................................................................
The soldiers are making their efforts to clean the vallage .
Their efforts
................................................................................................
Millions of people speak English all over the world
English
................................................................................................
A grocer doesn't sell books .
Books
................................................................................................
They didn't offer him a grant .
He
.........................................................................................................
They supply got water at the intercontinenatal Hotel 24
hours a day
...................................................................................................................
No body asked you to leave .
You
............................................................................................................
Some one is cleaning the windows.
The windows
............................................................................................
They don't let us use cameras in the museum .
We
..............................................................................................................
They are going to choose a new type of curtains.
A new type of curtains
......................................................................
They saw the teacher entering the class .
The teacher
............................................................................................
Did they clean the rooms ?
...................... the rooms
............................?
