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Year 1980

1. Das, N. R. (1980). Effect of tillage, on root and shoot development of dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice. Science & Culture, 46(10) : 371-373.

Abstract

The field experiment on dwarf wheat (Janak) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579), was conducted in University Farm, West Bengal, to find out the development of root and shoot under structureless soils in rice fields, with different tillage operations. Findings are as follows :

i) Crown root development of dwarf wheat, was better in minimal tillage (two tillages) than that of conventional tillage (with 4 ploughings).

ii) The length of the seminal root of dwarf wheat, of course, was higher in conventional tillage than that of minimal tillage.

iii) There is a relationship between 'crown root number' and 'number of tillers' of dwarf wheat. Generally two crown roots produced one tiller in dwarf wheat (Janak) i.e. for each tiller two crown roots were formed.

iv) Tiller number (shoot) of dwarf wheat was higher under minimal tillage, when wheat is grown after transplanted kharif rice.

v) Hence, possibility was observed for minimal tillage in wheat after transplanted kharif rice.

2. Chatterjee, B. N., and Das, N. R. (1980). Note on the differences in response of wheat varieties to boron. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(10) : 796.

Abstract

The field experiment on wheat, was conducted at Pundibari (West Bengal), to find out the proper variety and level of micronutrients, for higher grain yield production. It was revealed as follows :

i) Among the wheat varieties (like Janak, Sonalika and UP-262), Janak responded well to boron in wheat in North Bengal under BCKV.

ii) Response of UP-262 wheat to boron was moderate, while Sonalika was the least in respect of grain yields.

iii) Sonalika wheat variety was highly resistant to boron deficiency. This might be grown in North Bengal (where 'boron' deficiency is acute) without application of boron (Borax).

iv) Soil application of boron to wheat was better than the foliar application for grain yield.

v) Borax (Sodium-tetra-borate) application @ 22 kg/ha showed the best grain yields of wheat in North Bengal.

vi) Zinc application (Zinc Sulphate) in wheat, showed poor grain yield of wheat under North Bengal conditions.

vii) Janak was highly susceptable, UP 262 moderately and Sonalika less susceptable to boron deficiency.

viii) Due to 'boron' deficiency ear head becomes empty and chappy; but plant growth was good.

ix) No grain in glumes or small grain or less number of wheat grain was available.

x) Fertilization of wheat flower was hampered.

xi) Wheat variety Sonalika should be sown in North Bengal but Janak may be sown, if 22 kg Borax was added to soil before sowing.

xii) Under normal condition, Janak should be avoided to sow in North Bengal, as boron deficiency was very acute. UP 262 may also be grown in North Bengal where acute boron deficiency was observed.

3. Chakraborty, S., Das, H. C. and Das, N. R. (1980). Varietal performance of wheat by the larva of Cepholonica strain (Lepidoptera, galleridae). Science and Culture, 46(9) : 333.

Abstract

The laboratory experiment was fitted at Kalyani University, West Bengal, to study the preference of feeding the seed stored, by some insects. Findings are as follows :

Out of 18 wheat varieties, (HD-2221, K-7410, HUW 12, Sonalika, HD 2208, HP 1303, HW 135, HD 1982, HUW 1982, HUW 8, UP 262, UP 283, HP 1272, HP 1267, K 7411, K 7402, HD 2189 and HUWI), HW 135, and HP 1272 were the highest and lowest grades feeding respectively, in their order of preference, by larva of

Corcyra cepholonica insect pest, indicating thereby that HP 1272 was the best to save from stored grain pest, followed by Sonalika; while WH 135 was the worst for storing.

4. Das, N. R. (1980). Effect of tillage number, on root and shoot development of dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 67 : 82.

Abstract

From the field experiment conducted at Kalyani, West Bengal with dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice, it was revealed that :

i) 'No-ploughing-tining' was superior to 4 ploughings. Timely sown wheat, in respect of number of tillers, number of crown roots/plant (from single seed) and dry matter of root and shoots of wheat (Janak), was the best.

ii) The crown root number was double the amount of tillers in plant from single seed of wheat.

iii) Dry matter accumulation in wheat was more in 'no-ploughing treatment (minimal tillage)' than that of 4 ploughings (conventional).

iv) Great potentiality was observed in minimal tillage, for raising a good crop of dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

v) Tining (with hand drawn tines) was better than dibbling, under 'no-tillage' condition in wheat grown after transplanted kharif rice.

vi) Possibility was recorded to grow a good crop of dwarf wheat with minimal tillage, after transplanted kharif rice under irrigated condition, under short and mild winter of West Bengal.

5. Das, N. R. (1980a). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, Ahmedbad. 19/VIIIB/ii. dt. 13.8.80.

Abstract

The field experiment on wheat after transplanted kharif rice, was conducted in the University Farm, West Bengal, to find out the feasibility of growing wheat with minimal tillage and there from it was revealed the following :

i) A good crop of wheat (Janak) was possible to raise after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579), under irrigated condition in West Bengal.

ii) With or without FYM (Farm Yard Manure), to preceding kharif rice (IR 579), was equally good for grain and straw yields of succeeding dwarf wheat (Janak) in rice-field.

iii) Direct seeding or transplanting of kharif rice (IR 579), did not show any difference in grain and straw yields of succeeding dwarf wheat (IR 579).

iv) It was possible to grow wheat (Janak), after transplanted kharif rice, with either zero or minimal tillage, under irrigated conditions.

Year 1981

1. Das, N. R. (1981). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat-rotation' in North Eastern Plain Zone. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, Pune, 20 : 7(b)/2(II/a).

Abstract

The field experiment on dwarf wheat (Janak) after transplanted kharif rice was conducted, to find out the feasibility of growing dwarf wheat in rice field under mild and short winter of West Bengal. It was revealed as follows :

i) It was possible to raise a good crop of wheat (Janak) after kharif transplanted rice.

ii) Addition of organic matter (FYM) in kharif rice (IR 579), did not show any impact on grain and straw yields succeding of wheat (Janak).

iii) Direct seeding or transplanting of kharif rice also did not show any difference in grain yield of succeeding wheat (Janak).

iv) Minimal tillage (2 ploughings) operation in wheat showed, as good as or slightly less yield than that of normal 4 ploughings (conventional), if it was sown in time (i.e. Mid Nov.).

v) Minimal or zero (tining) tillage, in wheat was a possibility for getting good yields after transplanted kharif rice.

2. Mazumder B. and Das, N. R. (1981). Tillerring behaviour and yields of rice (Oryza sativa) under different planting methods. Environment & Ecology, 2(3) : 178-180.

Abstract

From the field experiment conducted on rice, with different methods, showed the following findings :

i) Rate of tillering, total number of tillers and the effective tillers of rice, were higher in direct seeded rice than those of the transplanted rice (IR 579), when grown in kharif season.

ii) Grain and straw yields of transplanted kharif rice were higher than those of the direct seed one.

iii) Duration of transplanted kharif rice was a little bit higher than that of direct seeded rice.

iv) Seed required less in transplanted kharif rice than that of the direct seeded rice.

v) Seed weight and size were higher in transplanted rice than those of direct seeded rice.

vi) Transplanted kharif rice was always better than the direct seeded rice, in term of grains yield under West Bengal conditions in kharif season.

Year 1982

1. Das, N. R. (1982). Why not more pulses and oilseeds in Bengal Intensive Agriculture, 20(3) : 11-14.

Abstract

This is the paper written based on so many scientific field experiments, conducted at BCKV, for more agriculture information. The breakup of the paper is as follows in respect of findings :

i) Under irrigated and West Bengal conditions either

(a) 'Jute-rice-mustard/wheat/potato' or

(b) 'Mungbean-rice-wheat/potato, could be grown

economically

ii) Under rainfed conditions either mustard or black gram (Phaseolus mungo) can be grown economically, after rice or jute.

iii) Sesame also can be grown after short duration kharif rice, under 'Rice-sesame-jute' under rainfed conditions.

iv) Possibilities of zero/minimal tillage in rabi after transplanted kharif rice, either under rainfed/irrigated condition, were observed.

2. Chatterjee, B. N., Bhattacharyya, K. K. and Das, N. R. (1982). The constraints and prospect of increasing pulse production in West Bengal. Hindusthan Lever, India, p. 117-126.

Abstract

This is the compilation of all research findings, on pulse production in West Bengal, in different seasons. The short findings are as follows :

i) The pigeonpea 'Rabi arahar' (20-105) was very promising among other pigeonpea (UPS 120, Prabhat, B7, B-517, Cll) in West Bengal, in winter season. It is shorter in height.

ii) Gram (B 108, B 124, B 75, B 110) should not be sown beyond first fortnight of November or before first day of November, in West Bengal.

iii) Greengram (T-44, BI, B 105, B 51) could be raised with minimal tillage and so also blackgram (T9, b 76) under rainfed conditions of West Bengal.

iv) Phosphate manuring is needed for legumes/pulses in West Bengal.

v) Pigeonpea with a spacing of 45 cm x 25 cm, gave good yield.

vi) Soybean (Bragg & Improved Pelican) could be grown in August, while lentil (B 77 & B 236) could be sown in Oct./Nov. in West Bengal.

vii) Pulse such as pea (B 22, F 163), Lathyrus (Nirmal 1 & 2) could be sown in Oct./Nov.; whereas cowpea can be grown in summer for green manure or for pod (Lafa) as vegetables in West Bengal.

3. Das, N. R. (1982a). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, Bangalore, 210VIIIB/2(ii)29/8/82.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted at BCKV on wheat after transplanted kharif rice, to show the feasibility of growing wheat under minimal tillage in West Bengal and it was revealed as follows :

i) Addition of organic matter (10 tonnes/ha of dry FYM) either in direct seeded or transplanted kharif rice (IR 579), did not show any positive effect on succeeding wheat (Janak) crop, in respect of grain or straw yields.

ii) A good crop of wheat (Janak) was obtained after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579). Hence possibility of raising wheat (Janak) was observed after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

iii) Grain or straw yields of wheat (Janak) did not show any difference, due to direct seeded or transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

iv) Minimal tillage (two ploughings) operations after 'broad-casting' wheat seed in rice-stubbles showed a good yield as that of normal conventional (4 ploughings) tillage, in respect of grain and straw yields of wheat after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

Year 1983

1. Chakraborty, S., Das, H. C. and Das, N. R. (1983). Seasonal changes in densities of some insect pests in a population on stored grain. Environment and Ecology, 1(1) : 11-14.

Abstract

The laboratory experiment was conducted at Kalyani University, to find out the seasonal variation of grain attack by insects in West Bengal. It was revealed as follows :

i) In a mixculture of stored grain pests in wheat (Sonalika) and rice (IR 579) materials, the density of Trogoderma granarium, insect was the highest.

ii) In stored grain of rice and wheat (Suji), other pests were Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Corcyra cephalonica, were present, including larvae, pupa & adults.

iii) Trogoderma granarium was present, through out the year [rabi-low temperature, low humidity; pre-kharif-higher temperature and low humidity & kharif-higher temperature & high humidity].

iv) Insect population was related with weather conditions in which materials were present.

v) Rainy season (kharif) was the peak period for attack of wheat and rice by the insects, alongwith the larvae/adults.

2. Das, N. R. and Maity, D. (1983). Wheat yield as affected by tillage operations after transplanted kharif rice. Science & culture, 49(8) : 255-257.

Abstract

The field experiments, on wheat after transplanted kharif rice, were conducted, to study the feasibility of growing dwarf wheat after kharif rice and it was revealed the followings as under :

i) Maximum grain yield of wheat after transplanted kharif rice, was obtained from 'broadcasting seeds with 20% higher seed-rate on rice stubbles' over either 'conventional (4 ploughings)' or 'line-sown reduced tillage (2 plounghings) followed by ladderings'.

ii) 'Broad casting' was better than 'line sowing' in dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif season, in respect of production economics.

iii) Broadcasting wheat seed in rice stubbles followed by 2 (minimal) tillages (length and crosswise) and followed by ladderings, was better than that of 4 tillages (conventional ploughings).

iv) Grain and straw yileds of wheat were not significnatly differnt, due to tillage operations, indicating thereby that all the treatments regarding tillage operations were equally good for wheat yield, after transplanted kharif rice.

3. Das, N. R. (1983). Effect of leaf-cutting and hoeing, on grain yields of irrigated wheat. Science & culture, 49(9) : 290-300.

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted on wheat (BR 291), to find out the feasibility of hoeing after irrigation in dwarf wheat after kharif rice alongwith leaf cutting, at BCKV Farm (Kalyani), West Bengal and from there it was recorded that :

i) Leaf of wheat (BR 291) cut at earlier stage (25 DAS), under irrigated well fertilized (100-50-50) conditions, increased grain and straw yields.

ii) 'Hoeing' in wheat fields, after kharif transplanted rice, showed some good results in respect of grain yields, over 'no-hoeing' of wheat under irrigated conditions, due to more number of tillers.

iii) Leaf-cutting and hoeing at earlier stage (upto 25 DAS), gave higher grain yield of wheat.

iv) Hence, leaf-cutting at earlier stage was not bad rather it was good.

v) Soil crustation, formed due to irrigation after kharif transplanted rice, is necessary to breakdown by hoeing, for good yield of dwarf wheat after kharif transplanted rice.

4. Das, N. R. (1983a). Jute is a must for them. Intensive Agriculture, 21(7) : 10-14.

Abstract

This was the exhustive article on jute crop in West Bengal based on research findings and the findings were as follows :

i) Jute is a monopoly crop for eastern India, because (a) weather is favourable here, (b) duration is short, (c) easy to grow, (d) wider adoptibility, (e) it maintains soil fertility, (f) farmers get cash money etc.

ii) Jute excrets some growth promoting substances through roots, which helps other succeeding crop particularly wheat in a better way.

iii) After the growing of jute, soil phosphate (P) was increased, hence soil fertility was maintained particularly P after jute crop.

iv) Jute leaf is a manure and it contains huge amount of N, P2O5 and K2O. It was as good as FYM in respect of total N, as jute leaf contained about 0.4 to 0.5% total N, on dry matter basis.

v) For jute crop, nitrogen requirement was low, but it gave (left) higher nitrogen into the soil, maintaining higher soil fertility.

vi) It brings cash price, for the farmers so better probability of cultivating succeeding kharif rice crop with better investment.

vii) In irrigated condition, 'jute-paddy-wheat' or 'jute-paddy-potato' could be grown and in rainfed condition 'jute-kalai', 'jute-lentil' or 'jute-mustard' etc. could be grown in West Bengal for better production.

5. Chatterjee, B. N., Bhattacharyya, K. K. and Das, N. R. 1983. The constraints and prospect of increasing pulse production in West Bengal (In) Pulse production, Hindusthan Liver, New Delhi, 1983, page 117-126.

Abstract

This is the research review article, based on different findings of research work, on pulses in West Bengal and important points to be remembered for higher production of pulses in West Bengal, were incorporated here and these are as follows :

i) Possibilities of growing pulses in West Bengal were as bright as light, under different multiple cropping systems.

ii) Pulse crops could be established even with minimal or zero tillage here.

iii) Crops could be raised as paira/utra (no tillage) crop after kharif rice under rainfed condition in West Bengal.

iv) Under rainfed conditions, pulse in general, could be grown after kharif rice in or after wheat in West Bengal.

v) Liming was necessary for acid soils of North and Western parts of West Bengal, for high production of pulses, as pulses responded to high liming with CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate).

vi) Use of micronutrient (Mo, S etc.) was essential in North Bengal areas of West Bengal (But not in South Bengal) for higher production of pulses.

vii) Phosphate (P) - fertilization was needed for higher yield of pulse in West Bengal. Of course, no phosphate was required in legumes under paira crops after kharif transplanted rice.

viii) Water requirement was less and only 1 or 2 times irrigation at sowing and flowering were needed under West Bengal conditions in pulses.

ix) Pulses could be fitted in the multiple cropping systems in West Bengal both under irrigated or rainfed conditions.

x) Pulse could be grown for maintaining soil fertility also.

6. Das, N. R. (1983b). Techniques of direct seeding of wheat in rice-stubbles. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, Tamil Nadu Agril. University, Coimbatore. 22 (VTB/2(ii)/27/8/83.

Abstract

Field experiment, on wheat after transplanted kharif rice, was conducted, to find out the technique for seeding wheat in rice-stubble and it was noted as follows :

i) Technique of direct seeding wheat (Janak) in rice-stubbles (IR 579) has immense possibilities, in areas where rice was the main crop, in kharif and where winter was short (like West Bengal).

ii) This technique can be adopted both under zero or minimal tillage conditions, for raising wheat after transplanted kharif rice.

iii) With irrigation and fertilizers, the rice-field could be fully utilized for getting equally high yields from wheat and rice, keeping the total cereal production (rice + wheat) at maximum level.

iv) This technique (wheat cultivation after rice) could be recommended for the farmers of the locality, who were acustomed to face the labour intensive cultivations in multiple cropping systems.

v) Simulataneously, suitable bullock driven or tractor driven seed-drills were needed for properly operating

the technique for higher production of both the cereals (rice and wheat).

Year 1984

1. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1984). Tillering behaviour and yields of rice (Oryzae sativa) under different planting methods. Environment & Ecology, 2(3) : 178-180.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted, to evaluate the tillering behaviour of dwarf rice (IR 579), under different planting methods (direct seeded and transplanted) and the findings were as follows :

i) Rate of tillering, total numbers of tillers and effective tillers of rice were higher in direct seeded condition than those of transplanted ones.

ii) The grain and straw yiled, of course, increased in higher amount in transplanted rice than that of dirrect seeded rice.

iii) Transplanted rice was always better than direct seeded rice under West Bengal conditions.

iv) Transplanted rice gave higher amount of yield than direct seeded rice, because of (a) higher number of seed/panicle and (b) higher weight of seeds of rice (IR 579).

Year 1985

1. Das, N. R. and Pal, S. K. (1985). Effect of limited irrigations and varieties, on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Environment & Ecology, 3(2) : 194-197.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted with different varieties of wheat under limited irrigation, at BCKV Farm (Kalyani), W.B. and it was revealed the followings :

i) Wheat variety UP 262, Janak, MG 104-4, HI 968, Sonalika and BW 182 gave good performance of grain yield, whereas BW 11, BW 158, and HD 2367 showed the poor grain yield, under limited irrigations (1 to 3) in short and mild winter.

ii) Grain yield of wheat increased, with the increase of number of irrigations, from one to three, applied at different stages of growth of wheat.

iii) Best grain yields of wheat were obtained by UP 262 under adequate irrigation, when applied at crown root initiation, late tillering, flowering and dough stage irrigation (CRI + LT + FL + DS). Janak under 2 irrigations (CRI + FL) and HI 968 under one (CRI) irrigation, showed better performances.

iv) With limited irrigation, Janak, HI 968 and Sonalika could be grown for higher grain yields of wheat.

v) Best yield of dwarf wheat may also be achieved with 3 irrigations (CRI + LT + FL) by UP 262, followed by Janak.

2. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1985). Yield components and yields of rice, as affected by planting methods. Science & Culture, 51(1) : 25-26.

Abstract

The field experiment on kharif rice was conducted with different planting methods, to assess the yields and yield components of rice and it was revealed as follows :

i) Direct seeded or tranplanted rice (IR 579) gave equally good yields, though in some cases transplnated rice was better than direct seeded one.

ii) Direct seeded rice increased more the effective tillers and total tillers than that of the transplanted rice.

iii) Transplanted kharif rice increased the number of seed/panicle and seed weight better than those of the direct seeded rice.

iv) Seed requirement for transplanted rice, was less than that of direct seeded rice.

v) Transplanted rice was less hazardous than direct seeded rice.

3. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1985a). Crown root behaviour of dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryzae sativa) as affected by irrigation and tillage. Environmental and Ecology, 3(4) : 473-476.

Abstract

The field experiment on dwarf wheat after rice was conducted in West Bengal, to find out the crown root behaviour

under different tillage and irrigation levels and the findings are as follows :

i) Crown root development was not affected by different irrigation levels and tillage operations after direct seeded or transplanted rice, which indicated that for better root development 4 irrigations (CRI + TL + FL + DS) or 4 tillage numbers were not necessary, in kharif rice field, for a good crop of dwarf wheat.

ii) Combination of two irrigations (CRI + FL) and two ploughings (minimal tillage), was ideal for wheat (UP 262) cultivation, after direct seeded or trnasplanted kharif rice (IR 579), where short and mild winter prevailed in medium land.

iii) In dwarf wheat (UP 262), crown-root is double the tiller number, after transplanted kharif rice.

iv) Initial tillage is not the barrier for total/effective tiller formation in wheat after kharif rice.

4. Das, N. R. and Pal, S. K. (1985). Effect of limited irrigations and varieties, on yields of wheat. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 72(4) : 155.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted, on wheat with different varieties, under limited irrigation facilities to find out the suitable variety under less irrigation system and it was revealed as follows :

i) Out of 9 new wheat varieties (B 11, BW 158, BW 182, HI 968, HD 2367, MG 104-4, Sonalika, Janak and UP

262), UP 262, Janak, MG 104-4, HI 968, Sonalika and BW 182, gave better performance of grain yield under limited irrigation conditions.

ii) Best performance of wheat yield was obtained from 4 irrigations at crown root initiation (CRI), late tillering (LT), flowering (FL) and dough stage (DS), followed by two irrigations (CRI + FL), over one irrigation (CRI).

iii) With 4 irrigations, UP 262 gave the maximum grain yield, followed by Janak, HI 968, BW 158 and BW 182.

iv) Janak, BW 11, BW 182 and MG 104-4, gave better yields with two irrigations (CRI + FL).

v) HI 968 gave the maximum grain yield at one irrigation at CRI, followed by MG 104-4 and Sonalika.

5. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1985b). Crown root behaviour of wheat after rice, as affected by irrigation and tillage Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 72 : 157.

Abstract

The field experiments on wheat conducted at BCKV Farm Kalyani, after kharif transplanted rice, to find out the rooting behaviour (crown & seminal), with tillage & irrigations number. The findings were as follows :

i) Two or 4 irrigations were equally good for the formation, number and length of crown roots in dwarf wheat (UP 262).

ii) Direct seeded or transplanted preceding rice (IR 579), did not show any impact on the number and length of crown root of succeeding wheat.

iii) Crown roots of dwarf wheat were formed, in most of the cases, in between 20-25 days after sowing-(DAS).

iv) In case of crown root number of dwarf wheat, it was higher in minimal or zero tillage.

v) Less crown root number of dwarf wheat was observed in 'good-tilth-condition' but higher height was observed there.

vi) Crown root number of dwarf wheat were double the number of tillers of wheat (UP 262).

6. Pal, S. K. and Das, N. R. (1985). Studies on growth and yield of new wheat (T. aestivum L.) varieties, under different levels of irrigations (Part I). M. Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Thesis, submitted by the first author to Agronomy Deptt., F/Agriculture, BCKV, W. Bengal in 1985, under the second author. The findings are as follows :

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted, on new 9 wheat varieties at BCKV Farm at Kalyani, W. Bengal, to find out the irrigation levels in different varieties. The findings were as follows:

i) Out of 9 new wheat varieties (BW 11, BW 158, BW 182, HI 968, HD 2367, MG 104-4, Sonalika, Janak and UP 262), number of effective tillers was higher in Janak, MG 104-4, HD 2367 and UP 262.

ii) Number of grains/ear was higher in HI 968, BW 11, BW 182, and MG 104-4, and Janak.

iii) With the increase of levels of irrigatios upto 4, wheat grain yield increased gradually.

iv) UP 262 wheat variety, gave the maximum grain yield with 4 irrigations and poorest yiled was obtained from Sonalika with one irrigation.

v) With the increase of levels of irrigation levels upto 4, water use efficiency (WUE) decreased.

vi) UP 262, HI 968, MG 104-4 and Janak wheat showed higher water use efficiency; whereas Sonalika, BW 158 and BW 11 showed the lower WUE.

vii) With the increase of levels of irrigation upto 4, the net returns, of course, did not increase. Maximum net returns was obtained from 2 irrigations.

7. Pal, S. K. and Das, N. R. (1985a). Yield performance of new wheat varieties (T. eastivum L.) under late sown conditions in West Bengal (Part II). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted by the first author to Agronomy Deptt., F/Agri. BCKV, W.B. in 1985, under the supervision of second author.

Abstract

Under late sown condition, different new wheat varieties were tried, to find out the proper varieties of wheat in West Bengal and the findings are as follows :

i) Height and plant population of dwarf wheat were reduced, due to late sowing.

ii) Grain yield of wheat was also reduced, due to late sowing.

iii) Out of 18 new wheat varieties (HI 1145, HP 1209, BAU 2188, BAU 2186, BAU 2138, BUW 234, UP 115, Sonalika, BR 346, HD 2445, BW 11, BAU 2187, BAU 2185, BAU 2191, DL 230-5, HD 2379, HD 2349 and BR 2158), BAU 2188 showed the maximum grain yield, followed by BR 2158, and BAU 2187, whereas wheat varieties HD 2445, UP 115 and Sonalika showed the poorest grain yield, under late sown condition.

iv) Straw yield of wheat was maximum in BR 2158, followed by BAU 2188 & HUW 234, but poor straw yields were obtained from DL 230-5, BAU 2186 & BAU 2187.

v) UP 115 and Sonalika are the early maturing varieties, HP-1209 and HUW 234 are the medium maturing varieties and HI 1145, BAU 2188, BAU 2138 and BR 346 were the late maturing varieties of wheat under West Bengal conditions.

Year 1986

1. Das, N. R. (1986). Jute in the multiple cropping systems. Soil fertility and fertilizer use. 2 : 36-42.

Abstract

In this critical and exhaustive article on jute, differnt aspects have been dealt with which are as follows (on the basis of research works done here) :

i) Jute is the monopoly crop of eastern India, West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh.

ii) With jute crop, crop-intensification is possible in West Bengal.

iii) Favourable weather for jute crop is present in eastern India.

iv) Fertilizer requirement for jute, unlike other crop, is less.

v) Jute-leaf acts as 'manure' for the succeding rice crop under 'wheat-jute-rice' cropping system.

vi) Jute roots excret some growth promoting substances which are useful for other crops like wheat and mungbean.

vii) Jute acts as soil-ameliorating agent for the next crop.

viii) Jute can be grown in different drought & water-logged conditions in West Bengal.

ix) Crop rotation with, 'Jute-rice-wheat' was economical.

x) 'Jute-rice-wheat-mung' was also possible in West Bengal under irrigated conditions.

xi) 'Jute-paddy-lathyrus/lentil/wheat' are possible under rainfed conditions in West Bengal.

xii) Jute improved soil fertility in respect of organic carbon, nitrogen, and available phosphate; while potash in soils is reduced by jute crop.

xiii) 'Jute-rice-wheat' improved soil fertility in the system.

xiv) In low land, "Jute (capsularis varieties) - Rice (cv. NC 1281) - Lathurus (paira)" was possible under rainfed contions in West Bengal ('paira'-no-tilage relay crop).

xv) Possibilities are there, to use jute 'as green manuring crop' to make unavailable phosphate available, where phosphate is fixed particularly in lateritic soils.

2. Majumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1986). Effect of irrigation and tillage operation, on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum), grown after rice (Oryza sativa). Environment & Ecology, 4(4) : 544-546.

Abstract

Field experiment on wheat in West Bengal under "rice-wheat-jute" cropping system, have been conducted, with different tillage and irrigation levels on wheat and the findings are as follows:

i) The grain yields of wheat (UP 262) at 4 and 2 irrigations were equally good after rice (IR 579).

ii) Direct seeded or transplanted kharif rice showed no variation in grain yield of succeeding wheat.

iii) Four ploughings with or without preploughings, irrigations and two ploughings (minimal), showed equally good grain yield of wheat after transplanted kharif rice.

iv) Zero tillage showed poor performance in grain yield of wheat after transplanted kharif rice.

3. Das, N. R. and Sarkar, S. R. (1986). Yield performance of new wheat varieties under limited management conditions. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 73(3) : 37-38.

Abstract

The field experiments, on differnet new dwarf wheat varieties, were conducted under limited management conditions, to identify the varieties and the findings are as follows :

i) Under limited management conditions, out of 18 new dwarf wheat varieties (CPAN 1998, Janak, DL 96-2, BAU-2195, BW 767, HI 1114, HD 2444, UP 262, DL-252-1, ISD 104-3, Sonalika, BAU 2177, MG 104-4, BR 356, BR2161, HD 2367, BW 268 and Janak), variety CPAN 1998, gave the maximum grain yield, followed by MG 104-4, HD 2444, HI 1114, BR 356 and BR 2161 under limited management condition.

ii) BAU 2195, CPAN 1998, MG 104-4, BR 356 and HI 1114 showed the good performance in respect of straw yields, under limited management conditions i.e. with less amount of fertilizers (50-25-25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg/ha) and less irrigations (2, one at CRI + one at flowering) and under unweeded late sown (middle of December) conditions.

iii) Wheat varieties CPAN 1998, MG 104-4, HD 2444, HI 1114, BR 356 and BR 2161 were the promising varieties for the eastern part of the country, under limited management (with less irrigation, less fertilizer & unweeded late sown).

iv) Quick bulking of grain (good character for short duration of winter wheat), was observed in CPAN 1998, DL 96-2, HI 1114, UP 262, Sonalika and Janak varieties of wheat.

4. Das, N. R. and Pal, S. K. (1986). Yield performance of new dwarf wheat varieties, under late sown conditions in West Bengal, Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 73 : 37.

Abstract

The field experiments on different new wheat varieties, under late sown condition, were conducted at BCKV Farm, Kalyani, West Bengal, to assess the proper varieties under late sown condition and it was found that :

i) Wheat varieties BAU 2188, BR 2158, BAU 2187, HP 1209, HD 2349, and BAU 2185 showed good performance in respect of grain yields, under late sown condition.

ii) BR 2158, BAU 2188, HUW 238, Sonalika, BW 11 and HP 1209 recorded good performance in respect of straw yields, under late sowing condition.

iii) A narrow straw/grain ratio was observed in DL-230-5, BAU 2138, BAU 2187, BAU 2185, HD 2349 and BAU 2188 varieties of dwarf wheat under late sowing condition at Kalyani.

iv) Under late sown condition in West Bengal, BAU 2188, BR 2158, and BAU 2187 varieties of wheat were good for grain yields.

5. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1986). Effect of irrigation levels and tillage operations, on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown after khrif rice. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 73 : 2.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted at Kalyani (WB), with different irrigation and tillage levels on wheat (UP 262), to find out the proper irrigation and tillage level and the experiments revealed the followings :

i) Grain yields of wheat (UP 262), under 2 or 4 irrigations were equally good after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

ii) Direct seeded or transplanted rice showed no differences in grain yields of succeeding wheat.

iii) Four ploughings with or without pre-ploughing irrigation and 2-ploughings (minimal tillage), were equally good, in respect of grain yield of irrigated wheat under West Bengal conditions.

iv) Zero-tillage in wheat, after transplanted kharif rice showed poorer performance in the grain yield than conventional tillage (4 ploughings), though wheat could be raised with zero tillage after rainy season (kharif) rice.

6. Sarkar, S. R. and Das, N. R. (1986). Studies on growth and yield of new wheat (T. aestivum) varieties, under different levels of fertilizers, (Part I). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to BCKV, Bengal by the senior author under the co-author.

Abstract

The field experiment on dwarf wheat varieties, were conducted with NPK-fertilizer levels (0-0-0; 40-20-13, 80-40-26 and 120-60-40) in West Bengal and the findings were as follows :

i) Out of 4 fertilizers treatments (0-0-0; 40-20-13, 80-40-26 and 120-60-40) and 9 new dwarf wheat varieties (BAU 2177, BAU 2195, DL 252-1, ISD 104-4, HD 2444, HI-1114, CPAN 1998, Sonalika and HD 2402), the highest grain yield, was achieved with the highest amount of fertilizer (120-60-40).

ii) CPAN 1998 wheat showed the highest grain yield and this was followed by HD 2402, HI 1114, BAU 2195 and HD 2444.

iii) Gross and net returns of wheat cultivation increased, with the increasing levels of fertilizer, under West Bengal conditions.

iv) Both gross and net returns of what cultivation, were maximum from CPAN 1998 wheat.

v) Per kg. grain yield due to per kg. of fertilizer was maximum and net returns, due to per rupee investment in wheat cultivations, were the highest under N80P40K26 level.

vi) CPAN 1998 of what variety showed the highest grain yield (kg) due to per kg fertilizer consumption and net returns due to per rupee investment was also the highest.

vii) The wheat variety CPAN 1998 showed the highest straw yield and this was followed by the wheat varieties like HD 2402, HI 1114, BAU 2195 and HD 2444.

7. Sarkar, S. R. and Das, N. R. (1986). Yield performance of new wheat (T. aestivum) varieties, under limited management conditions in West Bengal, (Part II). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to BCKV by the first author in 1986 under the supervision of the second author.

Abstract

i) Out of 18 new wheat varieties (CPAN 1998, Janak, Dl 95-2, BAU 2195, BW 768, HI 1114, HD 2444, UP 262, DL 252-1, ISD-104-3, Sonalika, BAU 2177, MG 104-4, BR 356, BR 2161, HD 2402, HD 2367 and BW 268) under limited agronomic management practices (less irrigation less fertilizer (50-25-25) and unweeded), maximum grain yiled was recorded from CPAN 1998, followed by MG 104-4, HD 2444, HI 1114 and BR 356, while in straw yileds, CPAN 1998, BAU 295, MG 104-4, and BR 356, showed good performance.

ii) CPAN 1998, MG 104-4, HD 2444, HI 1114 and BR 356 showed promising performance, under limited agronomic poor management.

iii) Narrow straw/grain ratio was recorded from BR 2161, MG 104-4, Sonalika and CPAN 1998; whereas wider straw/grain ratio was obtained in BAU 2195, DL 252-1 and HD 2402, under West Bengal conditions, when wheat sown was late in the season.

iv) Highest effective tillers were obtained from BAU 2195 followed by HI 1114, CPAN 1998 and Dl 95-2.

v) Grain yield was higher in BR 3568, though highest grain yield was obtained from CPAN 1998 wheat.

Year 1987

1. Das, N. R. and Sarkar, S. R. (1987). Effect of variety and fertilizer levels, on yields of dwarf wheat. Proceedings Indian Science Congress 74 : 65.

Abstract

Experiments were conducted with 9 dwarf wheat varieties and with 4 levels of NPK-fertilizer levels in West Bengal. The findings were as follows :

i) With the increase of levels of NPK, grain yield of wheat increased.

ii) Dwarf wheat should be fertilized with 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O/ha after transplanted kharif rice.

iii) CPAN 1998 showed the maximum grain yield.

iv) Net return was maximum with CPAN 1998 wheat.

2. Das, N. R. and Ghosh, N. (1987). Effect of jute root excretion, on root ramification of wheat. Science & culture, 53(12) : 383-384.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted, on dwarf wheat where seeds were sown soaked with jute root excreations, collected by different methods. The findings were as follows :

i) Maximum number of primary root, minimum root length and the highest number of wheat seedling (UP 262), were observed from root excretion of jute (D 154), collected with 3% lime juice, followed by those with jute-root excretion, collected with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and urea [CO(NH2)4].

ii) Jute root excretion contained some growth promoting substances which was very helpful for some crops/plants (Mungbean).

iii) Wheat roots were ramified heavily by soaking wheat seeds with jute-root excretion, collected with 3% lime juice.

iv) Growth promoting substances, may be due to addition of calcium carbonates (CaCO3).

3. Das, N. R. and Pal, S. K. (1987). Performance of new dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties at late sown condition, Environment & Ecology, 5(2) : 365-367.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted at BCKV Farm West Bengal, with 18 new wheat varieties, under late sowing condition, for identify the wheat vartieties for growing under late sown condition. The findings of the experiment were as follows :

i) Out of 18 new wheat varieties (HI 1145, HP 1209, BAU 21, BAU 2186, BAU 2187, HUW 234, UP 115, Sonalika, BR 346, HP 2445, BW 11, BAU 2185, BAU 2191, DL 230-5, HD 2379, HD 2349, BR 2158, and Janak) tried

under late sowing condition (middle of December), BAU 2188, HAU 3158, BAU 2187, HP 1209, HD 2349 and BAU 2185 recorded the good grain yield performance under West Bengal conditions.

ii) BR 2158, BAU 2188, HUW 234, Sonalika, BW 11 and HP 1209 showed good performance in respect of straw yields, under late sown conditions, in short and mild winter of West Bengal.

iii) Quick bulking of grain, was observed in wheat varieties of HI-1145, HP 1209, Sonalika, UP 115, HUW 234, BR 356, BW 11, DL 230-5 and Janak.

Year 1988

1. Das, N. R. (1988). Yield components and yields of rice, as affected by levels and sources of phosphorus. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 75 : 31-32.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted, on kharif transplanted rice (IR 579) with 4 levels and 3 sources of phosphate to identify the source and levels of P2O5 in kharif rice at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani. The salient findings were as follows :

i) Grain yield increased upto 80 kg P2O5/ha in transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

ii) Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) - a liquid fertilizer, showed the best performance in increasing the grain yield of kharif transplanted rice.

iii) Ammonium polyphosphate also gave higher grain yield of kharif transplanted rice at all levels of phosphate application.

iv) In rice, APP was effective for higher grain yields but not the single super phosphate (SSP), indicating APP was more effective in rice, though SSP was responsive to rice in kharif season.

2. Das, N. R. (1988a). Loss of grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in field by birds at different conditions. Environment & Ecology 6(1) : 85-91.

Abstract

The field experiments on different new wheat varieties, under irrigation levels and planting dates, were conducted to identify the birds behaviour to the varieties and treatments. The findings are as follows :

i) Common 'myhah' (Salikh), crow (Kak), sparrow (Babui) and weaver birds (Charai) consumped the wheat grain in field from dusk to dawn, for 10 days after sowing.

ii) Same birds (except crow), damaged the wheat crop at ripening (at 120 DAS) all-day-long.

iii) The Parrots (Tia) cut the entire earheads of wheat at 'dough stage' and takes aways the earheads to trees nearby and eat away.

iv) Common 'myhah' and crow cunsumed wheat grains from the ground, during sowing or before the harvest, of wheat.

v) Poorest stand of wheat crop at germination stage, was recorded from earlier planting date, due to damage by birds.

vi) Maximum grain loss of wheat at ripening, was observed from the earlier and the late planting dates, whereas minimum loss was recorded from normal planted date (i.e. Mid November).

vii) Varieties BAU 2195, CPAN 1998 and HD 244 of dwarf wheat, were least affected by birds, whereas other varieties were heavily affected.

viii) Birds liked the varieties Sonalika, HD 2402 and BAU 2177, causing more damage (out of BAU 2147, BAU 2195, DL 252-1, ISD 104-4, HD 244, CPAN 1998, HI 1114, Sonalika, BAU 2177 and HD 2402 varieties of wheat).

ix) Birds caused maximum damage (84%) to unirrigated wheat at germination stage, under West Bengal conditions.

x) Irrigated wheat was saved from bird damage at earlier stage.

xi) Heavy damage is done by crow at sowing/germination period.

3. Das, N. R. and Sarkar, S. R. (1988). Effect of variety and fertilizer levels, on yields of dwarf wheat in West Bengal. Environment & Ecology, 6(1) : 103-106.

Abstract

The field experiment, after transplanted kharif rice, on 9 new wheat varieties was conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Farm, with 4 levels of NPK fertilizer, to identify the proper varieties under NPK-fertilizer levels and the findings are recorded as follows :

i) Maximum grain yield was obtained from variety CPAN 1998, followed by HD 2402, HI 1114 and BAU 2195, among the HD 2444, CPAN 1998, HI 1114, HD 2402, Sonalika, BAU 2177, BAU 2195, DL 252-1 and ISD 104-4 wheat varieties.

ii) The highest fertilizer dose (i.e. 120 : 60 : 40) gave the highest grain and straw yields of wheat, followed by next higher dose (i.e. 80 : 40 : 26.6) after kharif transplanted rice.

iii) CPAN 1998, with the highest dose (120 : 60 : 40) of NPK-fertilizer, gave the maximum grain and straw yields.

iv) CPAN 1998 was the promising wheat variety for West Bengal, because of less disease and for production of higher number of effective tillers per unit area.

4. Das, N. R. and Mazumdar, B. (1988). Response of potash to wheat crop in 'wheat-rice' cropping system. Environment & Ecology 6(2) : 470-472.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, W.B. and the findings are as follows :

i) Potassium showed response to earhead, grain yield, straw yield and total biomass of wheat (Sonalika) upto 25 kg K2O/ha beyond which level, there was no response of K2O to wheat crop after aus rice (IR 579) in high land.

ii) Zinc sulphate @ 20 kg/ha, with either 50 or 100 kg of K2O/ha, was detrimental to wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation.

iii) Higher dose of K2O (60 kg K2O/ha) was also detrimental to wheat crop in 'wheat-rice' sequence under West Bengal conditions.

iv) Response of K2O, in respect of straw yield of wheat was upto 50 kg K2O/ha in high land.

v) Zinc did not show any positive response to straw yield of wheat, in general, rather it was detrimental to straw yield in 'rice-wheat' sequence in high land.

5. Das, N. R., Ghosh, N. and Das, S. N. (1988). Seed characters and seed yields of new varieties of ragi (Eleusine coracana), grown under rainfed pre-kharif conditions of West Bengal. Environment & Ecology, 6(3) : 676-678.

Abstract

The rainfed 9 new 'ragi' varieties were sown in pre-kharif at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Farm, Kalyani, to identify the proper ragi varieties for rainfed conditions of West Bengal and the findings were as follows :

i) The ragi variety 'RAU 8' showed the best performance in grain & straw yields, under rainfed condition, among the 9 varieties [JNR 981-2, KM 13, RAU 3, RAU 8, PR 202, PR 1091, Madras (local check), HR 374 and B 7-7-43] tried, followed by RAU 3.

ii) Higher yield of ragi was due to higher yield attributing factors like effective tillers, grain number/ear head and 1000-grain weight.

iii) Grain : straw ration of ragi was about 1 : 3 in pre-kharif in West Bengal.

iv) Ragi can be grown in West Bengal but economically not sound, comparing with other existing crops, during the pre-kharif season.

6. Das, N. R., Ghosh, N.; Das, S. N. and Mazumdar, T. K. (1988). Formation of adventitious roots in capsularis jute (Corchorus capsularis). Science & Culture, 54(11) : 376-378.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted with 8 new capsularis jute varieties at BCKV Farm, Kalyani, West Bengal and due to flood records were taken on adventitious roots only for identifying the proper varieties for water logged conditions.

i) Out of 8 new capsularis jute, 'KCM 4' showed the highest number of adventitious root in water logged condition, followed by TCJ 18, and TCJ 17; while No. 8007 showed the lowest number of adventitious root followed by TCJ 19 and No. 8005.

ii) Number of adventitious secondary root of 'KCM 4', was the highest, followed by TCJ 19 and No. 8002.

iii) Red pigmented variety 'KCM 4', was the best for survival with more number of adventitious root formation under water stagnated condition i.e. KCM 4 was the best for flooded conditions.

7. Mazumdar, B. and Das, N. R. (1988). Studies on establishment of wheat crop, after rice under intensive cropping system. Ph.D. Agronomy Thesis, submitted by the first author in 1988 to Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya from Agronomy department, under the supervision of the second author, West Bengal. P. 1-197.

Abstract

The field experiments, on wheat, jute and rice in the sequence, with 4 irrigations & 4 tillages, on wheat, were conducted at BCKV Farm, to study the feasibility of growing wheat after rice and to find out the suitable levels of irrigation and tillage. The findings were summarised as follows :

i) Grain and straw yields of rice (IR 579) did not significantly vary, due to direct seeded or transplanted condition of plantings.

ii) No impact of irrigation and tillage operations, applied to preceding wheat was observed in succeding kharif transplanted rice.

iii) 'Four ploughings', 'irrigation + four ploughings' and 'two ploughings', though superior to zero tillage, did

not show any significant difference among themselves in respect of grain yield of wheat after kharif transplanted rice.

iv) Number of crown root to number of tillers/plant was in the ratio of 2 : 1 in dwarf wheat.

v) Four or two irrigations, along with 2 tillages, was the best for wheat (UP 262) grain yield, after kharif transplanted rice.

vi) Total N, organic carbon and phosphate content of soils, were higher after jute in 'rice-wheat-jute' cropping system.

Year 1989

1. Das, N. R. and Das, S. N. (1989). Effect of level of sulphur, on growth, yield and production economics of lentil (Lens culinaris) after transplanted kharif rice. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 76 : 49.

Abstract

The field experiments, on lentil after kharif transplanted rice, with 4 levels of sulphur, were conducted at BCKV Farm, Kalyani and the findings were recorded as follows :

i) Grain yield of lentil (L-9-12), increased with the increase of level of sulphur, after transplanted kharif transplanted rice.

ii) Maximum grain yield of lentil was obtained from 30 kg S/ha after kharif transplanted rice, under West Bengal conditions.

iii) One kg Sulphur, increased 21 kg of grain yield of lentil after rice.

iv) For one rupee investment, Rs. 4.97 was obtained at 30 kg S/ha in lentil cultivation.

v) Great possibilities of growing lentil after kharif transplanted rice crop, in short and mild winter of West Bengal, were observed under irrigated conditions.

2. Das, N. R. and Mukherjee, N. (1989). Effect of seedling-age and leaf-removal, on rice grain and straw yields. International Rice Research Newsletter, 14(3) : 29.

Abstract

The field experiments on rice (IR 8) was conducted with 4 levels of leaf-removal (0, 25, 50 and 100%) and 3 levels of seedling-age (20, 30 and 40 days after sowings, DAS). The findings are as follows :

i) Seedling age (20 to 40 day-old), did not affect the straw & grain yields of transplanted rice (IR 8) significantly in kharif season, if sown early.

ii) Grain and straw yields of rice decreased with the increase of level of leaf removal from 0 to 100%.

iii) Seedling age (20 to 40 DAS) of rice was not a factor of variation of grain yields, if planted in time, (July) in West Bengal.

iv) Leaf-cut was detrimental to rice crop, if cut at a later stage of growth, but not at earlier stage of growth.

3. Mazumdar, B., Das, N. R. and Chatterjee, B. N. (1989). Establishing wheat crop with minimal tillage and irrigation after rice. International Rice Research Newsletter 14(4) : 41.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted on wheat (UP 262) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579) with 3 tillage and 4 irrigation levels in wheat, to identify the proper tillage and irrigation levels in wheat in West Bengal and the findings were as follows :

i) Broadcast and transplanted rice (IR 579) yields during kharif season, did not vary significantly, though transplanted rice gave slightly higher yields.

ii) Cumulative effect of tillage and irrigation levels, applied to preceding wheat (UP 262), did not affect succeeding rice yield, in "wheat-jute-rice" sequence.

iii) Wheat grain yield, did not differ due to rice planting method, tillage operation and irrigation levels.

iv) Two tillages and two irrigations, gave the maximum grain yield of wheat after kharif rice.

4. Das, N. R., Das, S. N. and Kumar, T. K. (1989). Effect of tillage and weed management, on weed infestation, growth and yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum), grown after transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa). Environment & Ecology, 7(3) : 555-563.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted on dwarf wheat (UP 262) with 3 tillage operations (0, 2 and 4 ploughings) and 2 weed

management practices (one at 20 and other at 40 days after sowing), to identify the weeds and to observe the yield potentiality of wheat after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579) in West Bengal. The salient findings were as follows :

i) Fully ploughed land showed superiority over no-tillage, in respect of plant height, effective tillers, test weight, grain no./year seed weight, number of broad and narrow leaved weeds and grain & straw yields of wheat (Sonalika) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

ii) 2 (minimal) or 4 (conventional) tillages were the same, in respect of grain and straw yields of wheat along with yield attributes after kharif rice.

iii) Net returns of wheat cultivation were higher in either 2 or 4 tillages in wheat after kharif rice.

iv) At zero or minimal tillage in dwarf wheat after kharif rice, weeds like Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Physalis minima, Cyperus rotundus and Echinochloa crusgalli etc. were found dominantly.

v) Chenopodium album, Melilotus alba, Anagalis arvensis etc. were also recorded in wheat fields, in general.

vi) 2 hand weedings (at 20 & 40 days after sowing DAS) were good for wheat after kharif rice.

vii) Unweeded control showed the maximum weeds in dwarf wheat after kharif rice.

viii) Most of the weeds in wheat field were distroyed, due to conventional tillage (4 ploughings).

5. Ghosh, N. and Das, N. R. (1989). A simple method for storage of mungbean (Vigna radiata) seeds. Proceedings International Congress, SABRAO, 6(1) : 123-125.

Abstract

The laboratory experiments was conducted with mungbean (cv. B 9), with napthelene ball, putting into the bottle for storing the seeds, at BCKV, West Bengal, where humidity was very high, to findout the storage potential. The findings are as follows:

i) Seed of mungbean (B 9) could be stored even for five years, if it was kept in a bottle, after giving napthelene ball (half-inch diameter) into it, without much deteoration of viability and germination percentage even under high humid and hot conditions in West Bengal.

ii) Under normal conditions, mungbean was deterorated by some fungi and insects easily, due to high relative humidity in air and high protein content in seeds.

iii) Maximum deteorations of mungbean seeds were in the month of July to September, mainly due to high temperature and high humidity.

iv) Putting napthelene balls into seed bottle (mungbean), was very helpful for storage in mungbean by farmers even.

6. Das, N. R., Karmakar, K. S. and Das, S. N. (1989a). Performance of new jute (Corchorus capsularis) varieties under flooded conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 34(4) : 505-586.

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted with 7 new capsularies jute varieties, in low lying areas of West Bengal. Unfortunately heavy flood occurred and studies made only to identify the variety for flooded condition. The findings are as follows :

i) Out of 7 new capsularis jute varieties tried (JCT 18, No. 8007, JCT 19, KCM 4, NO. 8005, TKCJ 17, and No. 8102), KCM 4 and NO 8005 were early maturing varieties.

ii) The capsularis jute variety 'KCM 4', followed by No. 8005 and other varieties gave higher yields in respect of fibre yield.

iii) 'KCM 4' was the best variety under water-logged (flooded) conditions, as it produced more adventitious root in water under flooded conditions, for survival.

iv) KCM 4 (red) and No. 8005 (green) were good varieties under flooded conditions, due to more adventitious roots, coming from stems.

7. Das, N. R. (1989). Effect of levels and sources of P2O5, on growth and yields of (a) mungbean, (b) jute and (c) aus rice under rainfed conditions. Proceedings IFFCO Conference, 7 : 78-84.

Abstract

The field experiments on mungbean, aus rice and jute, were conducted in West Bengal with 4 levels of phosphate (0, 20, 40 & 60 kg P2O5/ha) and 3 sources of phosphate, [Single Super

Phosphate (SSP), IFFCO-NPK and ammonium-poly-phosphate - (APP)], to identify the proper source &p; level of phosphate in jute, aus rice and mungbean. The results were as follows :

a) Mungbean : Out of different sources (APP, SSP & IFFCO NPK), Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was the best for maximum seed yield of mungbean (cv. Pusabaisakhi) and 40 kg/ha of APP was the best dose for mungbean, under irrigated condition.

b) Jute : Neither the source nor the level of P2O5 tried, was effective in fibre yileds of jute (JRC 212), under irrigated conditions.

c) 'Aus' rice : 60 kg P2O5/ha in the form of APP, gave the maximum grain and straw yields of aus rice (IR 579), under irrigated conditions.

Germination of seeds of jute (JRC 212), mungbean (Pusabaisakhi) and 'aus' rice (IR 579), were not affected significantly at 12 hrs soaking with 0.01% solution of APP - a liquid P2O5 - fertilizer.

8. Das, N. R. (1989a). Effect of concentration of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and seed soaking durations, on seedling growth of wheat and mungbean under rainfed conditions. Proceedings, IFFCO Conference, 7 : 74-77.

Abstract

The field experiments were conducted, on wheat and mungbean at BCKV Farm, Kalyani, West Bengal with the soaking of APP at different concentration, to find out the effect of soaking seeds with APP. The findings were as follows :

i) Soaking seeds of wheat (Sonalika) with APP for 18 hrs. gave higher emergence and tillers.

ii) No positive effect of seed soaking with APP on mungbean, was observed in seed germination or seedling vigour under rainfed conditions.

iii) Concentration of Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) @ 1.0% was the best for the formation of total tillers in wheat (Sonalika).

9. Das, N. R. (1989b). Response of phosphorus to wheat crop in 'rice-wheat cropping system'. Proceedings IFFCO Conference. 7 : 67-74.

Abstract

The field experiments on wheat under 'rice-wheat rotation', was conducted at BCKV Farm (Kalyani), West Bengal, to find out the response of phosphate from APP and the findings were as follows :

i) With the increase of levels of P2O5 (20 to 60 kg P2O5/ha), grain yield of wheat (Sonalika) increased.

ii) 60 kg P2O5/ha from ammonium polyphosphate (APP), gave the maximum grain yield of wheat under irrigated conditions.

10. Das, N. R. (1989c). Effect of levels of sulphur, on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica camprestis), lentil (Lens culinaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Proceedings IFFCO Conference. 7 : 55-66.

Abstract

The field experiments on wheat, lentil and mustard with different levels of sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha), were conducted, to identify the suitable levels of S, in West Bengal. The findings were as follows :

i) With the increase of levels of sulphur, yields of mustard (cv. RW 351), lentil (B 77) and wheat (Sonalika) increased upto 30 kg S/ha (from gypsum) after kharif transplated rice (IR 579).

ii) Magnitude of response was maximum in lentil, followed by mustard and wheat, grown after transplanted kharif rice, under irrigated condition.

iii) 1 kg sulphur, of course, increased 27 kg mustard, 22 kg lentil and 28 kg wheat, after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579) under irrigated condition.

11. Sarkar, A. and Das, N. R. (1989). Effect of level and source of phosphorus, on growth and yield of rainfed transplanted kharif rice and after-effect on grasspea (Lathyrus sativus), under mulch. M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Thesis, submitted by the first author in 1989, to Agronomy Deptt., BCKV, West Bengal, under the supervision of the second author, BCKV, Nadia.

Abstract

i) Out of different source (SSP - Single Super phosphate; APP Ammonium polyphosphate and IFFCO NPK) and different levels (20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) of

phosphate, it was observed that all the sources of P, were equally good for growth and yield (grain) of transplanted kharif rice (IR 579). Significant response of P2O5 @ 40 kg/ha was observed, on grain and straw yields and no of panicle/m2 of kharif rainfed rice.

ii) Residual effect of source and level of SSP and APP were good in respect of seed and stover yield of succeeding grasspea (Lathyrus or khesari), grown as rainfed no tillage paira crop.

iii) Mulch @ 2 tonnes/ha with rice straw, proved to be beneficial to increase yield of succeeding grasspea, grown as paira crop under rainfed conditions.

iv) For obtaining the highest net returns, SSP was the best in rice (IR 579), while for maximum net returns in succeeding paira grasspea, either SSP or APP was equally good under rainfed condition.

12. Das, N. R. and Das, S. N. (1989). Effect of levels of sulphur on growth, yield and production economics of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) after transplanted kharif rice. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 76 : 49.

Abstract

The field experiment on lentil with different levels of sulphur, after transplanted kharif rice in West Bengal, was conducted, to identify the proper level of sulphur in lentil and the findings were as follows :

i) Seed yield of lentil (L-9-12) increased with the increase of levels (0, 10, 20 and 30) of sulphur under

irrigated conditions, after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579).

ii) Net returns for lentil cultivation increased with the increasing levels of sulphur, under irrigated condition after kharif transplanted rice.

iii) 1 kg sulphur increased 21 kg of grain of lentil under irrigated condition after transplanted kharif rice.

iv) Monetary values increased with in creasing levels of sulphur, due to one rupee investment.

v) The maximum value (Rs. 4.97)was obtained when sulphur was applied @ 30 kg S/ha in lentil after transplanted kharif rice.

Year 1990

1. Ghosh, N. and Das, N. R. (1990). Bulking rate is an additional selection criteria in wheat. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 77 : 30.

Abstract

The field experiment on lentil with different levels of sulphur, after transplanted kharif rice, was conducted, to findout the proper variety and the findings were as follows :

i) Out of 8 wheat varieties, differences were observed for 'bulking rate' of irrigated wheat under West Bengal conditions.

ii) Bulking rate was higher in UP 262, Sonalika, Janak and BHU 12 but not in other varieties tried.

iii) In trials with new wheat varieties (UP 262, Janak, HP 1102, K 7410, BHU 12, Sonalika, Kalyanisona, BW 11) bulking rate of UP 262, Sonalika & Janak were very important in West Bengal, because growing season was very short (only 110 days).

iv) Quick bulking like in UP 262, Janak etc. showed the importance in wheat yield, in short and mild winters.

v) UP 262, Janak, Sonalika and BHU 12 (Malavija wheat 12) may be tried for crossing with other wheats, for the highest bulking rate and grain production, for short and mild winter areas.

2. Das, N. R. and Sarkar, A. (1990). Effect of source and level of phosphorus, on rice-grasspea (Lathyrus sativa). International Rice Research Newsletter, 15(1) : 23.

Abstract

The field experiments under rainfed conditions was conducted, on kharif transplanted rice with 3 sources (SSP, APP and IFFCO, NPK), 4 levels of phosphate (0, 20, 40 and 60 P2O5 kg/ha) and residual effect and 2 levels of mulch (no-mulch & 2 tonnes/ha in paira grasspea (with rice-mulch-straw), under "Rice-paira grasspea-jute" cropping system in West Bengal, to find out source & levels of P2O5 in rice and mulching in grasspea The findings are as follows :

i) Rice (IR 36) grain yield, did not differ with phosphate sources, in kharif season but grasspea (cv. Nirmal 1) after rice as paira crop was better for grain yield, with residual phosphate from single superphosphate (SSP).

ii) 'Rice-straw mulch', on grasspea after rainfed low land rice, was superior to 'no mulch' for both grain and stover yields of grasspea, grown as 'no-tillage relay crop' (paira crop).

iii) Grasspea (Nirmal 1) can be grown as paira crop after transplanted kharif rice (IR 36), with good yield, under rainfed conditions, without tillage.

iv) 'Rice-grasspea-jute' was a good sequence under rainfed conditions in West Bengal, with 3-crop system, when grasspea grown as 'no-tillage relay' (paira) crop with kharif rice by broadcasting, where rice was in matured conditions.

3. Das, N. R., Mazumdar, B. and Chatterjee, B. N. (1990). Sustenance of crop productivity, under different tillage condition after rice in 'rice-wheat-jute' sequence. Proceedings International Symposium on Natural Resource Management for a Sustainable Agriculture. Extended summary : 322-333. P.

Abstract

The irrigated field experiments on wheat were conducted, in West Bengal, with 3 tillage levels (0, 2 and 4 ploughings) and 3 irrigation levels (0, 2 and 4 times) in 'rice-wheat-jute' cropping system, to findout the sustenance of crop productivity and the findings were as follows :

i) Two or four tillages in wheat (UP 262), gave more or less the equal yield in the 3-crop system, though they were better than that of zero tillage, under irrigated conditions.

ii) With the inclusion of jute (JRO 632) in the cropping system, soil fertility in terms of (a) organic matter (b) available phosphate and (c) total N, increased in rice (IR 579) - based cropping system.

iii) Sustainability of production of crops in 'Rice-wheat-jute' cropping system, was observed under irrigated conditions.

iv) Hence "Rice (IR 579) - wheat (UP 262) - Jute (JRO 632)" was the best cropping system, under hot high humid summer rainy season & short winter in West Bengal.

4. Das, N. R., Ghosh, N. and Mukherjee, N. N. (1990a). Seed characters and seedling vigour of wheat, as affected by tillage and fertilizer. International conference on seed science and Technology, New Delhi. Abstract No. 5.12 p. 92.

Abstract

i) Preparatory tillage with either 2 or 4 ploughings after kharif rice, resulted in higher seed yields of wheat over zero tillage, under irrigated conditions in short and mild winter of West Bengal.

ii) Improvement in seed germination and seedling vigour of wheat (UP 262), were observed in seeds, under 2 or 4 tillages after transplanted kharif rice.

iii) With the increase of levels of fertilizer (N, P2O5 and K2O), length of root and shoot and number of root and shoot and seedling vigour index of wheat (UP 262), increased heavily at 5-, 10- and 15-day-old-seedlings, alongwith the increase of seed size, seed germination and seed yield.

iv) Either 2 or 4 tillages with heavy laddering along with 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O/ha were the best for seed and seed vigour of wheat after kharif transplanted rice under irrigated conditions.

5. Das, N. R. (1990). Effect of level and time of application of potassium, on the growth and yield of kharif transplanted rice (Oryza sativa). Environment and Ecology, 8(1) : 290-292.

Abstract

Field experiment on kharif transplanted rice was conducted with different levels of potash, applying with different methods at Seed Farm, BCKV, West Bengal and the findings were as follows :

i) Application of K2O, half as basal and rest half at panicle initiation stage of kharif transplanted rice (IR 579), gave the maximum grain of rice, though statistically not significant.

ii) Higher levels of K2O (60 & 120 kg/ha), however, did not show any significant grain yield of kharif transplanted rice.

iii) Effective tillers, grain number/panicle, 1000-grain weight and straw yields were, of course, not affected with the addition of K2O to kharif rice.

iv) Hence, normaly, no potash was required for kharif transplanted rice.

6. Das, N. R. and Das, S. N. (1990). Effect of tillage operations, on yield of direct-seeded pre-kharif rainfed (aus) rice (Oryza sativa). Environment & Ecology, 8(1) : 276-279.

Abstract

The experiment on rainfed direct seeded (aus) rice was conducted in summer (pre-kharif), under different planting methods, with different types of tillages, to find out the proper method, for planting rainfed aus in pre-kharif season in West Bengal and the findings are as follows :

i) Maximum grain yield of rainfed aus [direct seeded (aus) rice (IR 579)], was obtained from land ploughed four times, made ridge and furrow at the last ploughing at a distance of 25 cm, where seed sown on deep furrows in lines, closely followed by seed broadcast on unploughed land, then ploughed four times but without laddering.

ii) Two ploughings, seed broadcast and laddering, of course, was better than that of normal of 4 ploughings and followed by 4 ladderings (control) in respect of grain yield of rainfed aus rice in pre-kharif season.

iii) Net returns and net grain per rupee investment in (aus) rice under rainfed condition, was maximum in deep furrow sowing as in (i) above.

iv) Sowing of aus rice on the ridges, gave the poorest rice grain yield, under rainfed condition in West Bengal.

7. Das, N. R. and Mukherjee, N. N. (1990). Effect of a seedling uprooting-time and leaf removal, on seed quality and seedling vigour of rice (Oryza sativa). Environment & Ecology 8(4) : 1091-1094.

Abstract

The field experiment, on transplanted kharif rice (IR 36), was conducted with 3 seedling-uprooting-times (0, 3 and 6 days after uprooting seedlings) and with 4 leaf cuttings levels (0, 25, 50 and 100%), 1 month after planting, to findout the proper time of uprooting seedling and leaf-cutting. The findings were as follows :

i) Uprooting of rice (IR 36) seedlings, 6 days before transplantation showed, lower seed germination and poorer seedling vigour index in the next second generation seeds than those of uprooting seedlings on the same day for transplantation of kharif rice (i.e. uprooting & immediately transplanted on the same day was always good).

ii) 'Seedling vigour index' (SVI) of second generation crop decreased heavily, along with decrease of percentage of germination, due to increase of percentage of removal of leaf of mother transplanted kharif rice (leaf-removal one month after transplanting).

iii) Uprooting kharif rice seedlings 3-6 days ahead of transplantion and leaf removal (one month after transplantion) with higher percentage (100%), were detrimental for the second generation seeds and seedlings.

iv) 6-day-old seedling uprooting, was the worst for grain yield of kharif transplanted rice.

8. Das, N. R. and Kashyapi, A. (1990). Control of nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) by biological means. Environment & Ecology, 8(4) : 1249-1251.

Abstract

The experiment with summer crops like mungbean, dhaincha, cowpea, sesame, rice, jute and fallow (control), to study the behaviour of nutgrass (mutha ghash) (Cyperus rotundus), was conducted under rainfed conditions in West Bengal in summer (pre-kharif) and the findings were as follows :

i) Nutgrass the obnoxious weed, was significantly suppressed by mungbean (Vigna radiata) and jute (Corchorus olitorius) crops while growing.

ii) Nutgrass (mutha) increased heavily in aus rice fields and in fallow plots.

iii) Biological control of nutgrass by the crop like jute, mungbean and sesame was observed, while growing, reflecting the smothering effect of crops on it (nutgrass).

iv) Hence biological control (by crops or plant) of nutgrass was possible completely or partially.

9. Das, N. R. and Mukherjee, N. N. (1990a). Seedling characters and seedling vigour of kharif transplanted rice, as affected by seedling age and leaf-removal. Proceeding Indian Science Congress, 77 : 33.

Abstract

Field experiment on kharif transplanted rice (IR 36) was conducted, with 3 seedling ages (3, 5 and 7 weeks after seeding) and

leaf removals (0, 25, 50 and 100% of leaf cut), to findout the proper seedling-age and leaf-removal (if any) at 30 days after transplantation, in West Bengal (DAT), and the observations were recorded as follows :

i) 3-week seedlings proved suitable in producing maximum number of filled grain and the percentage of filled grains in panicle of kharif transplanted rice (IR 36).

ii) Leaf removal at the highest level (100%), increased (on an average 32%) spikelet sterility. Number of unfilled grain increased with the increase of age of seedling from 3 to 5 weeks in kharif rice.

iii) First generation heavy (100%) leaf cut, was detrimental to the second generation seedlings.

iv) Three weeks seedlings and intact leaf, gave the maximum grain yield of kharif transplanted rice.

10. Das, N. R. and Das, S. N. (1990). Varietal tolerance to flash-flood under different planting times of kharif transplanted rice. Science & culture, 56 : 172-174.

Abstract

The field experiment on rainfed kharif transplanted rice was conducted, with 3 varieties (IR 50, IR 579 and Ratna) and 3 dates of planting (June 30, July 15 and July 30), to findout the proper variety and time of planting, under flood inandated (river bed) areas and the following findings were recorded :

i) Among the 3 rice varieties tried, IR 50, gave the highest grain yield after flash flood, due to higher

survival percentage, highest numebr of panicle and highest seed test weight; while poorest grain yield was recorded from 'Ratna' variety of rice, grown in kharif season.

ii) Earliest transplanting date (i.e. June 30) was the best for survival and grain yield under flash-flood conditions, while latest date (i.e. July 30) was the worst for survival and yield of kharif transplanted rice in the flood affected areas.

iii) Rice variety IR 50, could be grown under flood affected areas at the earlier date (nearly June 30), for survival and more grain yields in kharif seasons.

11. Das, N. R.; Bhattacharyya, S. P.; Sen, S.; Bhattacharyya, D. and Kashyapi, A. (1990b). Weeds and weed management in 'rice-wheat-jute' cropping system in low land entisol. Proceedings International Symposium on Rice Research : New Frontier, held at Hyderabad, India, Nov. 15-17, 1990. Extended summary : 323-324.

Abstract

From the different experiments, conducted in West Bengal under "rice-wheat-jute" cropping sequence, to control weeds in the system with differnt herbicides and levels, the findings were recorded as follows :

i) Hand weeded plot gave the maximum grain yield of irrigated wheat (UP 262) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 36), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha at 28 DAS.

ii) Decrease of grain yield of wheat under herbicides, was, due to increase of narrow leaved weeds after controlling broad leaved weeds with 2, 4-D and tribunil, under different tillage operations in wheat after thransplanted kharif rice.

iv) In jute (Basudev), 'fluchloralin' applied @ 0.6 kg a.i./ha, gave the highest fibre yield, when it was applied at 3 DAS (days after sowing).

v) 'Butachlor' @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha at 6 DAT (days after transplantation) or Cinmethylin @ 0.08 kg a.i./ha at 6 DAT in kharif rice (IR 36), 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha, at 28 DAS in wheat (UP 262) and 'fluchloralin' @ 0.6 kg a.i./ha at 3 DAS, in jute (Basudev), were effective in 'rice-wheat-jute' cropping sequence under irrigated conditions in West Bengal.

vi) Herbicides used in kharif transplanted rice (Butachlor/Cinmethylin), wheat (2, 4-D/Tribunil) and jute (Fluchloralin) in the sequence, did not show any residual effect or toxicity to succeeding crops respectively.

12. Das, N. R.; Chatterjee, B. N.; Mazumdar, B.; Karmakar, A. and Mukherjee, N. N. (1990c). Sustainability of crop production under "rice-wheat-jute" cropping system in entisol, Proceedings International Symposium on Rice Research : New Frontier, held at Hyderabad, India, Nov. 15-18, 1990 Extended Summery : 332-333.

Abstract

Different field experiments were conducted on rice, wheat and jute crops in the cropping systems, to identify the productivity under sustainability, in summer, rainy season and winter in West Bengal, and the salient findings were as follows :

i) 'Jute(JRC 321) - rice(IR 579) - wheat(Sonalika)' system showed the maximum biomass production with sustainability, followed by 'rice (direct seeded-aus)-aman rice-wheat' and 'Sesbania (G.M. - green manuring)-rice-wheat".

ii) 'Fallow-fallow-wheat' showed the minimum grain production, followed by "fallow-rice-wheat".

iii) 'Jute-rice-wheat' sequence showed the best sustainability both in production and soil fertility.

iv) 'Jute-rice-wheat' system was the best for maintaining soil fertility.

13. Misra, R. S. and Das, N. R. (1990). Evaluation of groundnut varieties with sulphur fertilization, grown in between wheat and rice, under rainfed condition. M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy thesis, submitted by first author in 1990, to Agronomy Dept. Fac/Agri., B.C.K.V., West Bengal under the supervision of second author.

Abstract

The field experiment, on groundnut with 5 varieties (ICGV 86055, ICGV-86015, ICGV-86124, ICGV-86162 and local check) and 4 sulphur levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha), was conducted at BCKV

Farm, West Bengal, during summer (pre-kharif), under rainfed conditions, in between wheat (UP 262) and rice (IR 36) (i.e. st pre-kharif season) and the findings were as follows :

i) Out of 5 varieites, ICGV 86124 was the best, in respect of pod yield of groundnut, during pre-kharif season.

ii) Maximum number of pod per plant was obtained from ICGV 86124 groundnut variety.

iii) ICGV 86124 groundnut was the shortest duration variety (of 100 days only).

iv) In groundnut under rainfed condition, 40 kg S/ha was the best for pod yield.

v) ICGV 86124 groundnut variety was the best with 40 kg S/ha, in West Bengal in pre-kharif season.

vi) There is a possibility of utilizing, haulm as green manuring crop after harvest, as it is very soft and amount was high.

vii) Haulm : pod ratio of groundnut was 5 : 1 in pre-kharif season.

14. Ghosh, N. and Das, N. R. (1990). Bulking rate as an additionasl selection criteria in wheat. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 77 : 30.

Abstract

The experiment, on wheat with 17 varieties, was conducted in West Bengal, to identify the selection criteria for breeding work, during short and mild winter of West Bengal and the findings were recorded as follows :

i) Bulking rate was the rate of accumulation of dry matter in grain, after anthesis of wheat crop.

ii) Bulking rate was important for ultimately yield of wheat in West Bengal, because of short and mild winter.

iii) Varietal difference for bulking rate was observed in wheat.

iv) Bulking rate may be used as selection criteria in wheat, in addition to other yield factors, for breeding short duration winter wheats, particularly in West Bengal.

v) Variety 'DL-178-7-8' was the wheat which gave better bulking, followed by Sonalika and UP 262 under short and mild winter of West Bengal.

Year 1991

1. Das, N. R. and Mukherjee, N. N. (1991). Grain yield contribution by 'leaf' and 'awn' in dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum) after kharif transplanted rice (Oryza sativa), Environment & Ecology, 9(1) : 33-36.

Abstract

Field experiment on dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice was conducted at BCKV Farm, to find out the contribution of leaf and awn. The findings were as follows :

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