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field crop research by a scientist Year 1968 1. Das, N. R. (1968). Estimation of dry fibre yield of jute in standing crop based on simple biometric observations. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 13(4) : 258-261. Abstract From the experiments on jute, during 1966 & 1967 seasons, for yield estimation, the following observations were noted : i) Plant height and basal girth bear strong positive correlations with dry fibre yield of jute. Plant height has also positive correlation with the basal girth of the jute stem. ii) There is a strong negative correlation between the plant population per square meter and the basal girth of the stem. iii) To estimate the dry fibre yield of jute in the standing crop, the following formula was established, to be used as reliable index : Y = 2 pr (h - 20). where, Y = Dry fibre yield of jute (kg/hectare), 2pr = Basal girth of jute stem above soil (cm), h = Height of the jute plant upto smallest leaf seen (cm), p = Plant population per square metre. Hence the formula was established. | ||||
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iv) Top 20 cm stem, does not give any fibre in jute. 2. Das, N. R. and Sen, S. (1968). Effect of root excretion of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) on the growth of wheat and mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) Science & Culture, 34 : 435-436. Abstract Experiments were conducted with the jute-root excretion, on wheat and mungbean and the following observations were recorded : i) Jute-root excretions showed some growth promoting substances which help in elongation of root of mungbean and shoot of wheat heavily, along with increase of weight of seedlings. Hence better crops after jute cropping is envisased under rotation with jute crop. ii) It appears that the root excretions of jute contain some growth promoting substances. iii) Capsularis jute (D-154) excrets root exudate heavily and this increased root of mungbean (Type 1) and shoot of wheat (NP 836). iv) Hence, wheat and mungbean were better crops in rotation, after jute in the multiple cropping systems. Year 1969 1. Sen, S. and Das, N. R. (1969). Possibilities of growing dwarf wheat after aman paddy. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 56 : 601-602. | ||||
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Abstract Field experiments were conducted with dwarf and desi wheat varieties and N-levels. With the arrival of dwarf wheats (Sonalika), it is now possible to grow wheat for good grain yield in lands after harvest of aman (photosensitive) rice and it was observed that Sonara 63 wheat (dwarf), when sown as late as December 25, after the harvest of photosensitive tall desi rice - 'Bhasamanik', wheat yield was as high as 25 q/ha with 100 kg N/ha, while desi tall wheat NP-824 gave obly 6 quintal grain yield/ha; hence there is a great possibilities of growing dwarf wheat (Lerma Rojo Sonara 63) after transplanted tall rice 'Bhasamanik' in West Bengal. 2. Das, N. R. and Sen, S. (1969). Studies on crop production and soil fertility under intensive cropping system in aman (winter) paddy land - Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Kalyani University, 1969, West Bengal, page 1-94, by the first author under the second author. Abstract The summaries of the work are as follows : i) It is possible to grow transplanted wheat with nitrogenous fertilizer, late in the season, after the harvest of aman (photo-sensitive) paddy, with economic returns, under West Bengal conditions, provided irrigation facilities are available, though the cultivation cost is more. ii) After the harvest of wheat and before transplantation of aman paddy, it is possible to grow a good crop of jute with considerable economic returns and also maintains the soil fertility. | ||||
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iii) Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) as green manuring crop, builds up the soil fertility, but does not play a vital role in increasing the paddy production and can not compensate the loss of pre-kharif crop like jute. iv) It is possible to raise a good crop of aman paddy after the harvest of jute without addition of manures or fertilizers. If transplanted on the same date, aman paddy (Bhasamanik), without manures or fertilizers, giving same grain yield, both after jute and after green manuring crop with dhaincha. Soil fertility both under jute or dhaincha was equally good. v) It is possible to raise two major cereal crops like wheat and paddy and a fibre crop like jute, with economic returns, in the same year. The jute crop also maintains the soil ferility. vi) In view of wheat and paddy production, maintenance of soil ferility and economic returns under intensive cropping system in aman land in West Bengal, jute cropping is better than green manuring with dhaincha. vii) In terms of nutrient contents in soil, both jute and dhaincha were aqually the same. viii) "Wheat-jute-rice" was better than "wheat-dhaincha-rice" for crop production and maintaing soil fertility. ix) Potassium with high rate, is detrimental to wheat. 3. Das, N. R. and Bhattacharyya, A. K. (1969). Effect of dates of transplanting and spacing, on growth and yield of tall rice (Bhasamanik). Farm Journal, 10(2) : 44-46. | ||||
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Abstract Following are the findings of the field experiments at Kalyani University Farm, on desi rice with 6 planting dates and 4 spacings : i) Out of 6 dates of transplantation (June 15, June 30, July 15, July 30, August 14 and August 30), July 30 planting was the best for grain production of rice, while earlier plantating gave better growth and straw yield but less grain yield. ii) Later two planting dates gave lower grain and straw yields of kharif rice with desi variety (Bhasamanik). iii) Out of 4 spacing (25cm x 10cm, 25cm x 15cm, 30cm x 10cm & 30cm x 15cm), 25cm x 15cm gave the maximum grain yield of rice, followed by 30cm x 15cm in kharif season. iv) Close spacing (25cm x 10cm) at late planting, compensated the loss of grain yield of kharif rice, though not fully. 4. Das, N. R. (1969). Include jute in the cropping systems of West Bengal, Farmer, 1(2) : 23-24. Abstract In West Bengal, both under irrigated and rainfed conditions, jute can be grown in the multiple cropping programmes. i) Jute can be included in the multiple cropping programme in West Bengal, both in low and high lands, with Corchorus capsularis/olitorius varieties. | ||||
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ii) 'Jute-paddy-wheat', is economical rotation in irrigated conditions. iii) In rainfed conditions, 'Jute-rice-lentil' or 'Jute-rice-Khesari' can be also grown, in West Bengal. iv) Jute improved soil fertility also in the multiple cropping systems. v) Generally Capsularis jute can be grown in lowlying areas, whereas Olitorius jute can be grown in high land, though Olitorius jute can be grown in medium land with small amount of water, provided age of crop is higher. Year 1970 1. Subhan, A. and Das, N. R. (1970). Effect of date of sowing and variety, on growth and yield of rainfed capsularis and olitorius jute (Corchorus capsularis/olitorius). Unpublished work of M.Sc. (Ag.), Agronomy, Kalyani University, West Bengal, submitted under the second author by the first author. Abstract The synopsis of findings are as follows : i) Out of 4 dates of sowing (April 15, 30; May 15 and 30) at 15 days interval, April 30 was the best date for capsularis jute, whereas May 15 sowing was the best for olitorius jute. ii) Out of 4 varieties (2 capsularis - D 154 & JRC 212 & 2 olitorius - JRO 632 & JRO 620), in the olitorius group, | ||||
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JRO 632 was the best of all the varieties tried, followed by capsularis jute, variety D-154, while JRC-212 or JRC-620 showed poor performance in respect of fibre yield, when harvested at 100 day crop growth, to facilitate rice growing in kharif season, late in the season, in medium land. 2. Das, N. R.; Patra, L. K. and Bhattacharyya, A. K. (1971). Effect of tuber, cut before and after sprouting, on yield of potato (RKM). Indian Journal Agronomy, 6(3) : 376-377. Abstract Findings of experiment on potato, cut before and after sprouting, are as follows : i) Percentage of germination, number of haulm/hill, number of tubers/hill and tuber yield were more in the cases for 'apical ends' than those for 'basal ends', when potato tuber (RKM) was cut for plantation. ii) As the percentage of germination and numebr of haulm/hill were more under 'apical ends' than those of the 'basal ends'; there were correspondingly increase in number of tubers/hill and yield under 'apical ends', whether the tubers were cut either before or after sprouting potato seed, before planting. iii) Difference in yield of potato was not observed, due to cut-tuber, again cut either before or after sprouting of the tuber. | ||||
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Year 1971 1. Subhan, A. and Das, N. R. (1971). Effect of N from ammonium sulphate and jute leaf manure, on production of transplanted paddy (IR-8) in aman season and after-effect, on late sown wheat (Kalyansona), under intensive cropping system in aman paddy land. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis by the first author, submitted to Kalyani University in 1971 under second author. Abstract Experiments with organic (Jute leaf) and inorganic sources (ammonium sulphate) of N, on transplanted kharif rice, were conducted with different levels and the main findings are as follows: i) N (from ammonium sulphate and jute leaf) increased panicle length, grain number and grain yields of kharif transplanted rice (IR-8). ii) Jute leaf manure had the positive influence in increasing the number of grains/panicle, panicle length and grain yields of rice. iii) Residual effect of jute leaf manure, applied to previous rice, was observed on grain yield of succeeding dwarf wheat (Kalyansona). iv) Ammonium sulphate, applied to preceding rice, did not show any residual response to succeeding wheat. v) It was possible to grow dwarf wheat after transplanted khrif rice, under intersive cropping system. | ||||
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vi) Jute cultivation generally, left about 30 kg N/ha. Year 1972 1. Majumdar, T. K. and Das, N. R. (1972). Performance of growth, fibre yield and seed yield of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), due to dates of sowing and spacings in flood affected area. (Part-I). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis by the first author, submitted to Kalyani University, 1972 from (Agro. Dept.) under second author. Abstract Experiments on jute, were conducted with 4 sowing dates (May 15 & 30, June 15 & 30) and 3 spacing (75, 50, 25 cm in row-to-row) and the findings are as follows : i) Earlier dates (May 15, 30) of sowing increased the height, basal girth, fibre yield and seed yield of capsularis jute (D - 154). ii) Wider spacing (50 and 75 cm) increased the height and basal girth of jute plant at harvest, iii) Closer spacing (25 cm) increased the fibre yield and seed yield of jute iv) Number of branches/plant increased with the increase of spacings v) Sowing of jute on May 15 with spacing of 25 cm row, gave the best result for fibre and seed yields of capsularis jute, in flood affected areas particularly in riverbeds of West Bengal. | ||||
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2. Majumdar, T. K. and Das, N. R. (1972). Effect of level and method of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, on growth and yield of rice (IR 579), in boro (winter) season (Part II). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis by the first author, submitted to Kalyani University 1972, from Agro. Deptt. under the second author. Abstract Findings of experiments on boro rice, with 4 levels of N (0, 60, 120 & 180 kg/ha) and 3 application methods (surface, deep and foliar) are as follows : i) With the increase of the doses of nitrogen, height of the plant, total number of tillers/hill, effective tillers/hill and straw-grain ratio of rice increased during boro season, ii) Grain yield of rice increased with the increase of levels of nitrogen from urea, during boro season, upto 180 kg N/ha, iii) Straw yield increased with the increase of doses of N during boro season upto 180 kg N/ha. iv) Deep placement of urea fertilizer increased the height of plant, total number of tillers/hill, number of unfilled grain/ear of boro rice, while surface application increased the height of the plant and total number of tillers/hill at earlier stage of growth. v) Foliar application of nitrogen (from urea) was the worst of all the methods in respect of height of the plant, total number of tillers/hill, number of effective | ||||
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tillers/hill, number of filled grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, but the best of all, in respect of number of unfilled grains/ear as it decreased the filled grain number/ear. vi) There is an increasing trend of higher yield of grain, due to deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer (Urea). vii) Additional yield of grain/kg of N added, was more in lower doses of N (N 60) under deep placement of fertilizer and hence "deep placement" was more efficient method for the application of N-fertilizer (urea) in transplanted boro paddy. viii) Deep placement of fertilizer with urea in transplanted rice field was more profitable than any other method. ix) 120 kg N/ha under deep placement was the best, while in the lowest N with the lowest amount of grain yield of boro rice was recorded. Year 1973 1. Roy, R. and Das, N. R. (1973). Manurial efficiency of jute-leaf, under multiple cropping system, M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Thesis submitted by the first author, Kalyani University, 1973, under the second author. Abstract (A) Crop production : Nitrogen from jute-leaf (leaf manure) increased the effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains/panicle and grain yield of paddy. N from ammonium sulphate increased the height, number of effective tillers/hill, grain and straw yield of paddy. | ||||
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Phophorus increased the number of effective tillers/hill, number of grains (filled)/panicle and grain yield of paddy. Nitrogen both from jute-leaf and ammonium sulphate, applied to paddy, showed the resudual effects of succeeding late sown dwarf wheat (Sonalika). It was possible to grow dwarf wheat with good yield (35-44) q/ha in aman paddy land, late in the season, after the harvest of dwarf paddy under multiple cropping system. It was also possible to grow giant mung-bean (Phaseolus aureous - tetra ploid - Tetra Kalai) with moderate green yield (179 q/ha) as short duration (60 days) emergency fodder crop, just after the harvest of dwarf wheat (Sonalika) under irrigated conditions, in lean month. Jute, with capsularis variety (cv. D-154), could be raised for good amount of fibre yield (22 q/ha) after giant mung-bean but before next aman (kharif) crop. There is no cumulative effect of jute-leaf and ammonium sulphate, either on green fodder of giant mung-bean or jute fibre yield in 4-crop system ('paddy-wheat-mungbean-jute') under irrigated condition. 'Paddy-wheat-mungbean-jute', under irrigated conditions, is a great possibility in West Bengal in medium lands. (B) Economics : Net returns, due to nitrogen/manuring either by jute-leaf or by ammonium sulphate, was the same when it was applied @ 40 kg/ha but net returns was more in case of jute leaf-application than that of ammonium sulphate, when it is applied @ 80 kg N/ha basis. As regards economics was concerned, phophate application on kharif paddy was not profitable. Succeeding wheat crop was benefited, due to addition of jute leaf and superphosphate, applied to preceding paddy and | ||||
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ultimately more returns was obtained from residual jute-leaf and phosphorus. Net returns was more in crop grown under multiple cropping system, due to application of jute-leaf. Though its carbon content in soil went down for a shorter period and these maintained its original position later. The available phosphorus contents of soils increased, due to addition of jute-leaf, but was just maintained by the addition of ammonium sulphate. Total N-content of soils was increased and was maintained for a along time, due to application of jute-leaf, while it was decreased, due to application of ammonium sulphate. Fertility status of the land increased, due to addition of jute-leaf to the soil; while fertility status decreased or just maintained due to application of ammonium sulphate. 2. Das, N. R. and Dasmahapatra, A. N. (1973). Response of dwarf and tall wheat varieties to different dates of sowing, under late sowing conditions. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 60 : 656-57. Abstract i) Dwarf wheat (Sonara 63/64/Lerma Rajo or Mayo 64) was better than tall wheat (NP 710 or NP-824) in all the dates of sowing from Mid-Nov to end of Dec.) (ii) Dwarf wheat gave economic grain yield even in late sowing condition, even at the end of December, (iii) Middle of November was the best for sowing dwarf wheat. Sonara 63 was the best variety among the dwarf wheats tried. Sonara 63 dwarf wheat sown on mid-November, gave the maximum grain yield, (iv) In respect of straw yield, tall wheat was the best of all, if sown earlier (Mid November). | ||||
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Year 1974 1. Das, N. R. and Majumder, T. K. (1974). Economics of jute seed production under different dates of sowing and spacings in the flood affected areas. Farm Journal, 15(1) : 19-20. Abstract From the field experiment on jute seed production, in flood affected areas in West Bengal, with 3 dates of sowings (May 14, 30 and June 14) and 3 spacings (25, 50 and 75 cm) the following findings were revealed : (i) with the increase of spacing fibre, seed and stick yields of jute (D-154) decreased. Maximum net returns of jute was obtained from close spacing (25 cm x 10 cm), (ii) Earlier sowing (May 14) increased fibre, seed and stick yields of jute, along with higher net returns, (iii) Earlier date (May 14) with close spacing (25 cm x 10 cm) was the best for fibre, seed and stick yields of jute with the highest net returns. 2. Das, N. R. and Bhattacharyya, A. K. (1974). Performance of growth of photosensitive (aman) rice, due to dates of transplantation and spacing under late sowing conditions. Proceedings Indian Science Congress, 61 : 44. Abstract i) Transplantation of desi (photosensitive) rice (Bhasamanik) as late as July 30 or August 18, with higher spacing (25 cm x 25 cm) increased yield attributing factors. ii) Close spacing (25 x 10 cm) was the best for late sown (end of August) transplanted kharif rice. | ||||
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iii) In unirrigated low lying areas, it was possible to grow jute (Corchorus capsularis, cv. D-154), after which transplantation of photosensitive rice (Bhasamanik) was possible without any loss of grain. 3. Karmakar, A. and Das, N. R. (1974). Studies on crop production and soil fertility under different crop sequences. M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Thesis submitted by the first author, to Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya from Agronomy Deptt., West Bengal, under the second author. Abstract Experiments on kharif rice with 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) under different intensive cropping system (Jute-rice-wheat; Rice-rice-wheat; Dhaincha-rice-wheat, Fallow-rice-wheat, Mungbean-rice-wheat and Fallow-fallow-wheat) were conducted at Kalyani University Farm, in different seasons and the results are as follows : (A) Crop production : (i) Aman paddy : Nitrogen significantly increased the plant height, effective tillers number, grain weight, grain number/panicle, grain yields and straw yields of rice (IR-579), with the increased levels of nitrogen. Croppings showed tremendous positive effect, on transplanted kharif rice (IR-579). Maximum grain and straw yields of aman paddy was obtained under 'dhaincha-rice-wheat' rotation, followed by'jute-rice-wheat' cropping system. "Aus rice-aman rice-wheat" recorded the poorest performance in kharif production, followed by 'Fallow-aman rice-wheat' and 'fallow-fallow-wheat'. | ||||
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(ii) Wheat : Residual N, applied to preceding rice crop, showed the influence, on grain yield of wheat. 'Aus rice-aman rice-wheat' showed the maximum grain yield of wheat, followed by 'dhaincha-aman rice-wheat' and 'jute-aman rice-wheat'. (iii) Jute, rice, dhaincha, mungbean : Maximum production from all crops in sequence (grain/fibre) was obtained from 'jute-aman paddy-wheat', followed by 'aus rice-aman rice-wheat'. (B) Soil fertility : N-level to rice crop showed positive increase of organic carbon content in soil, after rice; whereas no effect was obtained in soils after wheat. With the increase of intensity of croppings, organic matter content of soils decreased; but with dhaincha or jute in the cropping system, organic matter content in soils increased. Fallow or aus rice, decreased organic matter in soils. Cropping with dhaincha or jute increased phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter content in the soils. (C) Economics : Cost of cultivation of aus rice was more or less the same as that of aman rice but same as either wheat or jute. Maximum returns from all crops, was obtained from 'jute-aman-rice-wheat'. 'Fallow-fallow-wheat' or 'fallow-aman rice wheat' were not remunerative. Net returns/kg of N was the maximum (Rs. 33/- per kg N) in paddy with 30 kg N/ha. 4. Mazumdar, T. K. and Das, N. R. (1974). Effect of levels and methods of application of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), on grain attributing characters and yields of rice (IR 579), during boro season. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 61 : 45. | ||||
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Abstract The field experiment, on boro rice (cv. IR 579) was conducted at Kalyani University Farm, West Bengal, during 1971-72, to identify the levels and methods of N application in boro rice, with 6 N-levels (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg N/ha) and 3 methods of applications (broadcast, foliar application, and deep placement), fitting in a split plot design, keeping N in main and method of application in subplots. It was revealed : i) Grain and straw yield of boro rice (IR 579), increased upto 180 kg N/ha. ii) Deep-placement of N-fertilizer with urea, through pelet, increased the grain and straw yields of boro rice. iii) Foliar application of nitrogen, through spraying in boro rice, did not respond well for yields. iv) Deep-placement of N-fertilizer at a depth of 10 cm below soil, gave the maximum grain yields of rice, grown during boro season (December to April), with 120 kg N/ha. v) Broadcasting N-fertilizer with urea, followed by running of paddy-weeder, was inferior to 'deep placement' in boro season rice under transplantation. Year 1975 1. Das, N. R. and Patra, A. P. (1975). Janak (H. D. 1982) - a promising wheat variety for West Bengal. Farm Journal, 16(3) : 6-7. | ||||
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Abstract Out of 6 wheat varieties [Janak, (HD 1982), K-852, HP-916, HD-4519 (durum), Kalyansona & Sonalika], with 4 dates of planting (Nov. 1, Nov. 16, Dec. 1, & Dec. 16), Janak showed the maximum grain yield in all the dates of planting. Middle of November is the best time for sowing dwarf wheat. Janak was the best of all the varieties tried. Under low fertility in low-lying areas, 'Janak' performed well. Comparing with HD 4519, Sonalika, Kalyansona, Janak gave higher yields under West Bengal conditions. 2. Chatterjee, B. N. and Das, N. R. (1975). Wheat in West Bengal Research Bulletin No. 1, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, p. 1-27. This booklet was prepared on the occassion of 75th All-India Co-ordinated Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal and was brought out to public by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the then Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural, New Delhi. The main features of this booklet are as follows : i) Condition of wheat in West Bengal, upto 1975 from 1960, ii) Varieties, iii) Cultural practices, iv) Wheat in the multiple cropping programmes, v) Climatic condition as compared to Punjab, vi) The new crop cultivation methodology, vii) New pest and diseases in wheat, viii) Production potentiality and ix) Reference of publications of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV) & the states were incorporated here. This booklet was written for researchers, students and farmers of the state. All types of works (variety, irrigation, fertilization, disease & pest, weed, sowing etc.), done upto 1975 by the BCKV scientists, were incorporated. | ||||
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3. Chatterjee, B. N. and Das, N. R. (1975). Some agronomic problems of wheat cultivation in Eastern India, Paper read in 14th All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, during Aug. 21-26, 1975. Abstract i) In Eastern India, rainfall is high in kharif season and hence rice (Transplanted kharif) is common crop, during kharif season. There is a great possibility of growing wheat after harvest of kharif rice, but some problems like soil preparation, manuring date of sowing are there, ii) Hence, wheat can be grown without major tillage, immediately after harvest of rice (iii) Some other problems have been raised and possibilities of solving the problems have been indicated under West Bengal conditions in this paper, presented. 4. Jana, P. K., Das, N. R. and Sen, H. (1975). Effect of phosphorus, spacing and irrigation, on the grain yield of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.), after 'rice-bean' (Phaseolus calcaratus). Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 62 : 57. Abstract The field experiment on mungbean, was conducted at Kalyani University Farms, during 1973-74, to find out the proper spacing, levels of irrigation and dose of P2O5 under rainfed cropping system, in split plot design, with 2 irrigation levels (irrigation & rainfed), 3 spacings (25, 50 & 75 cm and 4 P2O5) levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha P2O5 after fallow, jute & rice-bean. The findings are as follows : | ||||
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i) Mungbean (cv. Pusa Baisakhi) after rice-bean (cv. Kalyani 1), did not respond to phosphatic fertilizer and yield was also poor. ii) Rainfed mungbean in rabi gave the highest seed yield in 25 cm spacing. iii) Irrigation gave higher yields during rabi season. iv) Grain & Bhusa (stover) yield of mungbean, grown after fallow or jute was more than that after rice-bean, indicationg thereby that the poor performance of 'Pusa Baisakhi mungbean' after legume like rice-bean, under multiple cropping system in West Bengal. 5. Das, N. R., Patra, A. P. and Chatterjee, B. N. (1975). Research development of wheat cultivation after transplanted kharif rice in Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. Paper read in 14th All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at BCKV, West Bengal during August, 21-26, 1975. Abstract There are some problems in raising wheat, after transplanted kharif rice in West Bengal. The paper dealt with the minimal tillage, both under rainfed and irrigated conditions, with the dwarf wheat which possesses the strong and stout crown roots that grow just below the soil surface - hence no need of more deep ploughing. Therefore, with minimal tillage, growing of dwarf wheat would be realistic idea for wheat cultivation after transplantated kharif rice. The experimental data were placed for this in this Workshop, BCKV, W.B. Other ideas were also given in it for growing wheat after transplanted kharif rice, both under irrigated or rainfed conditions. | ||||
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6. Jana, P. K., Das, N. R. and Sen, H. (1975a). A note on the effect of P, spacing and irrigation, on yield of mungbean (Phaseolus aureaus Roxb.) after ricebean (Phaseolus calcaratus). Indian Journal Agronomy, 22(4) : 305. Abstract From the experiment in pre-kharif, on mungbean (Pusabaisakhi) with different irrigation levels (1, 2, 3 and 4) with 4 phosphate levels (0, 30, 60 & 90 kg P2O5/ha), it was revealed that : (i) two irrigations (at sowing and flowering), gave the higher yield of mungbean, (ii) Sixty kg P2O5/ha gave the maximum of seed yield of mungbean, (iii) Mungbean, after jute was better than that after 'rice-bean', a legume, (iv) Mungbean in pre-kharif, was better with 2 irrigations and 60 kg P2O5/ha after jute crop than other and (i.e. rice-bean), (v) Rice-bean is good for seed production, and (vi) 'Jute-fallow-mungbean' was better than that of 'ricebean-fallow-mungbean'. 7. Das, N. R. and Roy, R. K. (1975). Manuring efficiency of jute leaf under multiple cropping system. II. Effect on soil fertility Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 62 : 50(1975). Abstract From the field experiments, on rice under "Jute-rice-wheat-tetrakalai" 4-crop system in West Bengal, with jute-leaf and ammonium sulphate for nitrogen at differnt levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha), along with 0 and 60 kg P2O5/ha, it was revealed that : i) Organic matter, total N and available P2O5 in soil both after rice (IR-8) and wheat (Sonalika) yields increased, | ||||
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due to addition of green-jute-leaves (D-154), while due to N from Ammonium sulphate, did not show any consistent results. ii) Green-jute-leaves increased soil fertility status, which was maintained for a long period in the multiple cropping programme. iii) Due to addition of P2O5, available phosphorus status of soil improved heavily. iv) In irrigated areas in West Bengal, "4-crop system" could be followed with jute, rice, wheat and tetrakalai (as fodder) in sequence. v) "Jute-rice-wheat-kalai" (tetra) improved, soil fertility, increased productivity and sloved the problem of food and fodder in lean month (April-May) of the seasons. vi) Generally jute crop, left nearly 30-40 kg of N/ha, through leaf fall, in its life time in soil for the succeeding crop like kharif rice etc. vii) Under irrigated condition, in medium land "Jute-rice-wheat-tetra kalai" may be grown in West Bengal for productivity and maintenqance of soil fertility. 8. Das, N. R. and Karmakar, A. K. (1975). Oranic matter contents of soils as affected by rotation and N-fertilization, under multiple cropping systems. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 62 : 49. | ||||
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Abstract Experiments in the field were conducted, on rice under the irrigated multiple cropping system, with 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha) and with 5 rotations (Fallow-fallow-wheat; jute-rice-wheat; dhaincha-rice-wheat; mungbean-rice-wheat and fallow-rice-wheat). The experiments revealed that (i) organic matter content of soils increased after the cultivation of jute (D-154) and mungbean, while it remained constant after rice and fallow. (ii) The organic matter content under "jute-rice-wheat or mungbean-rice-wheat" was higher than any other rotation, (iii) organic matter in soils increased with the increase of levels of N, on rice. (iv) Jute and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) maintained high organic carbon content in soil, after rice (IR 579) and wheat (Sonalika). (v) Organic carbon content of soil was just maintained after rice crop, but decreased after wheat crop. (vi) Both jute (D-154) and dhaincha as green manure (local) crop, maintained the organic matter content in soils for a long time in 3-crop systems in West Bengal. (vii) Hence, 'Jute-rice-wheat' or "mungbean-rice-wheat" could be recommended for both production and maintaining soil fertility in soils, under West Bengal conditions. 9. Das, N. R. and Roy, R. K. (1975a). Manuring efficiency of jute leaf. I. Effect on crop production. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress 62 : 61. Abstract The field experiments, on kharif rice was conducted in the multiple cropping programme (Jute-rice-wheat-tetrakalai), with 4 levels of N (0, 40, 80 & 120 kg N/ha) and with two phosphate levels, revealed that : (i) 40-80 kg N/ha from ammonium sulphate, were as | ||||
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good as 50 to 100 quintal of green jute-leaf/ha. (ii) Nitrogen from either green jute-leaf or ammonium sulphate, applied to rice, showed the residual effect on succeeding late sown dwarf wheat. (iii) After aman paddy, when wheat sown late, could give as high as 35 quintal of grain/ha. (iv) Addition of P2O5/ha increased wheat yields, though less. (v) It was also possible to grow giant mungbean (tetrakalai) with moderate green yield (18.0 tonnes/ha), as a short duration crop, during lean month (April-May) under "Rice-wheat-giant mungbean-jute" cropping system. 10. Das, N. R. (1975). Agronomic manipulation of wheat crop under "rice-wheat" rotation. 14th All-India Coordinated Agronomic Experiment Report (1974-75) ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 7, 1975 (AIC Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at BCKV, West Bengal, 1975. Abstract The findings are as follows : (i) Grain yield of irrigated dwarf wheat (Sonalika), increased with the increase of levels of nitrogen (60 and 120 kg N/ha from urea) after transplanted kharif rice. Similar trend was also observed with straw yield of Kalyansona. (ii) Among the four times of applications of N (full at sowing; 2/3 at sowing + 1/3 at 1st irrigation; 1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at 1st irrigation and 1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at second irrigation), '2/3 at sowing + 1/3 at first irrigation' or '1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at first irrigations', gave the maximum grain and straw yields of wheat grown under irrigated condition, after transplanted kharif rice. (iii) 125 kg wheat seed (Sonalika)/ha, for the late sown crop, after transplanted kharif rice, gave the maximum | ||||
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grain and straw yields. (iv) After transplanted kharif rice, late sown wheat (Sonalika) gave the maximum grain and straw yields, with 120 kg N/ha when applied at 2/3 at sowing and 1/3 at first irrigation, under West Bengal conditions. 11. Das, N. R. (1975a). Efficient use of irrigation water for wheat crop under adequate supply. 14th All India Wheat Research Worker's Workshop, Agronomic Expt. Report 1974-75, ICAR New Delhi, pp. 10, 1975. Abstract i) Out of different physiological stages of irrigations (4, 5 & 6-time irrigations) at crown root initiation, late tillering, jointing, flowering, milk and dough stages in wheat (Janak), grain and straw yields, did not differ significantly. (ii) Irrigation based on panevaporation-demand (at 0.70 and 0.90 pan-evaporation), in wheat (Janak) differed in grain and straw yield. The 0.90 pan evaporation demand, gave the maximum grain and straw yield of wheat in West Bengal. 12. Das, N. R. (1975b). Efficient use of irrigation water for wheat crop under limited supply. 14th All India Wheat Research Worker's Workshop, Annual Report, Agronomic Experiments, 1974-75, ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 13, 1975. Abstract Under limited water supply conditions, wheat crop (Janak) out of 8 treatments (100% field capacity, Field capacity (FC) upto 5 cm depth i.e., 3 irrigations of 6 cm each, applied at 3 initial stages of wheat at crown root initiation (CRI) stages, 100% FC upto 5 cm depth i.e. 3 irrigations of 6 cm each, applied at 0.75 of open-pan- | ||||
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evaporation demand stages; 75% FC upto 5cm depth i.e. 3 irrigations of 7 cm each, at 3 critical stages of irrigation of wheat at CRI, booting and milk; 75% FC upto 5cm depth i.e. 3 irrigations of 7 cm each at 0.75 of open-pan-evaporimeter demand, 50% of FC upto 5cm depth i.e. 3 irrigations of 8cm each at 3 initial stages of wheat at CRI, booting & milk stages, 50% FC upto 5 cm depth, i.e. 3 irrigations 8 cm each at 50% of open-pan-evaporimeter demand, each at four critica stages (at CRI, late tillering, flowering and dough stages), 50% FC upto 5 cm depth at 4 irrigations each at 0.50 evaporation demand), gave (i) maximum grain and straw yields of wheat at 100% field capacity as pre-sowing treatment, followed by 3 irrigations at CRI, booting and milk stages. ii) 100% field capacity as presowing treatment, followed by 3 irrigations, gave the maximum grain yield of wheat, followed by presowing treatment of 50% FC with 3 irrigations at CRI, booting & milk stages, under West Bengal condition (Kalyani). 13. Das, N. R. (1975c). Chemical Weed control in dwarf wheat. 14th All India Wheat Research Worker's Workshop, Annual Report, Agronomic Experiments, 1974-75, ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 15, 1975. Abstract i) Out of 10 weed control treatments (unweeded check; hand weeding; 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha; Tribunil @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha - Pre-emergence; Tribunil @ 2.0 kg a.i./ha pre-emergence; TOK-E25 @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha - pre-emergence; TOK-E 25 @ 2.0 kg a.i./ha pre-emergence; Terbutryne @ 75 kg a.i./ha at 4-5 weeks, Terbutryne @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha - at 5 weeks and 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha + 3% urea), 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha + 3% urea or Tribunil @ 2.0 kg a.i./ha (pre- | ||||
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emergence), gave the maximum grain and straw yields of wheats (Janak/HD-1982), followed by TOK-E 25 @ 2.0 kg a.i./ha (pre-emergence), 2, 4-D and hand weeding. (ii) Out of so many weeds, the following weeds were the dominant in dwarf wheat field of West Bengal : Chenopodium album, Cyperus rotundus, Anagalis arvensis, Melilotus alba, Melilotus indica, Melilotus sparviflorus, Physalis minima, Nicotiana, plumbaginifolia, Solanum nigra, Argemone mexicana etc. besides so many other humid weeds that grow at later stages, under hot-humid-conditions. (iii) Terbutryne either at 0.75 kg ai/ha or 1.00 kg ai/ha (5 week after sowing), gave the lower grain yields even than that of unweeded control, because of phytotoxic effect on wheat plant, where in wheat tillers were destroyed heavily, immediately after use. (v) TOK-E 25, of course, destroyed narrow leaved weeds. (vi) 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg ai/ha + 3% urea solution, showed better crop growth of wheat. (vii) 2, 4-D @ 0.5 g ai/ha showed better growth of cyperus weed (Cyperus rotundus). 14. Das, N. R. (1975d). Rates of N and P2O5 for wheat under rainfed conditions, 14th All-India Wheat Research Worker's Workshop, Annual Report, Agronomic Expts. 1974-75, ICAR, New Delhi, pp-17, 1975. Abstract The field experiment, on rainfed wheat (cv. Kalyansona), was conducted at University farm (BCKV), West Bengal with 3 levels of N(0, 25 and 50 kg N/ha) and 3 levels of P2O5 (0, 25 and 50 kg P2O5/ha) to identify the required N & P2O5 in rainfed wheat. It was revealed that- | ||||
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i) With the increase of levels of N (from 0 to 50 kg N/ha), grain yield of wheat under rainfed condition increased. (ii) Phosphate (SSP), did not show any response to wheat crop, grown under rainfed condition. (iii) Both N and P2O5, did not show any interaction effect, on grain yield of wheat, under rainfed condition. (iv) Both N and P2O5, of course, did not show any response to straw yields of rainfed wheat also. 15. Das, N. R. (1975e). Wheat production trend in West Bengal - Farm Journal, 16(12) : 17-118. Abstract From acreage, production and yield rate of wheat in West Bengal, in different years (1947-48 to 1971-72), (a) the 'relative yield index', [ x 100], where Yr= mean yield rate, st = state average (WB), cy = country (India)] and (b) the 'relative spread index' of wheat in West Bengal (WB) [ x 100], where A = % of total cultivation area under wheat], were calculated. There from, it was observed that the 'relative yield index' of wheat in WB was 157% and the 'relative spread index' was 14%, that means production/unit area was high but acreage was low. Hence, there is a great scope of increasing the wheat area in West Bengal with the high yielding varieties of Sonalika, Janak, Kalyansona etc. 16. Das, N. R. and Roy, R. K. (1975b). Manurial efficiency of jute-leaf under multiple cropping system. II. Effect on soil fertility, Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 62 : 55. | ||||
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Abstract The field experiments, on multiple cropping programmes were initiated with 'jute-rice-wheat-kalai (Tetrakalai)' for maintaining production of crop and also for maintaining soil fertility under irrigated conditions. It was revealed that : i) Organic matter, total N, available phosphate contents of soils of both after rice and wheat increased, due to addition of green-leaf of jute and from A/S (ammonium sulphate) with the increasing levels; though consistant results were not observed in A/S. (ii) Improvement of available phosphate in soils, was also observed due to addition of phosphate. (iii) Green-jute leaf increased soil fertility status of soils in respect of total N, organic matter and available P2O5. (iv) Jute leaves, in general, gave about 30-40 kg N/ha and which was beneficial to the next crop because it saved N in the next crop-fertilization programme. Year 1976 1. Das, N. R. (1976). Effect of kharif legumes, on N-economy of wheat crop, All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop (ICAR) 15 : 5-6. Abstract Field experiments were conducted with legumes [Kalai/Phaseolus mungo) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis)] harvested at different stages (active growth, flowering and seed harvest), for further studies, on succeeding wheat in the multiple cropping programme, to study the N-economy of legumes of the preceding crops, on succeeding wheat. From the experiments, it was observed that - i) Kharif legumes 'Kalai' (Phaseolus mungo) contributed 30-40 kg N/ha | ||||
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for the succeeding wheat crop. ii) Kharif legumes (Kalai and cowpea), harvested for fodder at flowering stage, contributed more N, for succeeding wheat crop. iii) 'Rice-wheat' was inferior to 'legume-wheat' rotation in terms of wheat production, N economy and soil fertility. 2. Das, N. R. and Karmakar, A. (1976). Effect of different multiple cropping sequences, on the organic matter status of soil. Journal of Society of experimental Agriculturist 1 : 47. Abstract Out of 5 crop-sequences (Rice-rice-wheat; dhaincha (green manuring)-rice-wheat; jute-rice-wheat; fallow-rice-wheat and fallow-fallow-wheat), tried at BCKV Farms, the sequence (i) "dhaincha-rice-wheat" and "jute-rice-wheat" maintained the original organic matter status even after 3 crops in the sequence. ii) "Fallow-rice-wheat" or "fallow-fallow-wheat" maintained the poorest organic matter in soil, showing poor yield performance. iii) 'Jute-rice-wheat', maintained the highest crop production and good soil fertility. iv) Green manuring with Sesbania aculeata (dhaincha-local) or inclusion of jute (JRO-632) in 'rice (IR-579)-wheat' (Sonalika)' cropping system, was found to be a good practise, for maintaining high organic matter status of soil. 3. Das, N. R. and Roy, R. K. (1976). Manurial efficiency of 'jute-leaf' under multiple cropping system I. Effect on crop production. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 63 : 61. Abstract From the field experiments conducted at BCKV Farm, it was revealed that - | ||||
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i) About 40 & 80 kg N/ha from A/S, were as good as 50 and 100 q/ha of jute (D-154) green-leaf, respectively. (ii) Incorporation of jute leaves with the increasing levels, into the soil, the grain yield of rice grown after jute under 'Jute-rice-wheat-tetrakalai' (for fodder) system, increased. (iii) N from jute leaf or A/S showed the residual effect in wheat. (iv) About 30-40 kg N/ha, was added to the soil, through jute leaves of average crop, to be utilised by succeeding transplanted kharif rice. (v) Wheat can be grown after transplanted kharif rice for good yields. (vi) Addition of P2O5 to jute leaves for rice crop, increased higher organic carbon content in the soils. 4. Das, N. R. (1976). Nitrogen economy of wheat crop through kharif legumes. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at Haryana in August, 1976 (15/IA/viii/19.8.76). Abstract From the field experiments at University Farm, BCKV with different legumes for N economy in wheat, it was observed that - i) Kharif legume for grains or fodder, showed the significant impact, on succeeding wheat crop in North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ). (ii) Cereal crop (rice), as preceding one, did not indicate any deletorius effect, on the grain and straw yields of succeeding wheat (Janak) crop. (iii) The highest yields of wheat (Janak), following the legume or cereal in kharif, were recorded, in treatments which received nitrogen, varying from 80 to 120 kg N/ha. (iv) In North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ), inclusion of legume in kharif season, increased grain yield of wheat in the next season (rabi). | ||||
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Year 1977 1. Jana, P. K.; Das, N. R. and Sen, H. (1977). Response of dwarf and tall wheats to levels of nitrogen under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Indian Agriculturist 21(3) : 195-200. Abstract Among the dwarf wheats (HD 1949, HD-1950, HP-301 and Sonalika) and tall wheats (NP 884 and NP 852) tried, (i) Sonalika was found to be the best, in respect of grain yield, with irrigations and HD 1950 showed the best performance under no-irrigation conditions, in respect of grain yield in West Bengal. (ii) Grain yield of wheat and net returns, increased upto 40 kg N/ha. (iii) at 40 kg N/ha, net returns of wheat cultivation was maximum and for per rupee investment, the maximum benefit was from this. (iv) Under tall and dwarf wheats combined together, economic dose was 40 kg N/ha, both under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. 2. Das, N. R. and Ghosh, N. (1977). Ramification of roots of wheat crop, as influenced by excretion of Capsularis jute (Corchorus capsularis). Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 64 : 65. Abstract The field experiment, on dwarf wheat (Janak) was conducted with jute root excretion extracted from D-154, to find out the root ramification of wheat for maximum crop production. It was revealed that - i) Jute (cv. D 154) root excretions have marked effect on the increase of number of roots/plant and root and shoot length of wheat seedlings [with distilled water (control)]. (ii) Jute root | ||||
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excretion, collected with 'calcium carbonate', showed better performance in shoot length of wheat (Janak). (iii) 'Calcium carbonate' was very good for the growth of wheat also. (iv) There is a possibility of collecting jute (Capsularis) root excretion with calcium carbonate, for growth and ramification of root of dwarf wheat and also for maximum production. (v) Root ramification was possible with jute excretion collected with calcium carbonate. 3. Das, N. R. and Majumdar, T. K. (1977). Jute seed yields as affected by sowing date and spacing in flood inundated areas. India Journal of Agronomy, 22(2) : 125-126. Abstract The field experiment was conducted in flood inundated areas of University Farm (Kalyani), to find out the proper sowing date and spacing for seed yields. It was revealed that : i) In flooded areas, capsularis jute (D-154), gave higher seed yield, though with less 1000-seed weight, when sown on May 30. (ii) Later date of sowing (June) gave good quality seed (higher seed weight), with lower seed yield under normal spacing. (iii) Closer spacing of course, gave higher fibre yield of jute in flood inundated areas. (iv) Fibre yield, from jute grown for seed, was found to be very poor in quality. (v) Flooded areas in West Bengal D-154 variety could be utilized for jute seed production (Capsularis jute), if water stagnation was temporary. (vi) In earlier sowing, jute seed was smaller, while that under late sown crop, was bigger. (vii) Vigour was better in late sown seeds. (viii) There is a possibility of growing capsularis jute for seeds in flood inundated areas of West Bengal. | ||||
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4. Das, N. R. 1977. Wheat yields as influenced by new varieties and sowing depth under rainfed conditions. Science and Culture, 43(10) : 400-441. Abstract The field experiment, on rainfed dwarf wheat, was conducted to find out the proper depth of seeding and variety under rainfed condition in West Bengal, fitting in factorial RBD design at University Farm, Bidhan Chadra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, during 1975-76. The findings are as follows : i) Janak (T. aestivum) wheat variety, gave the maximum grain yield, followed by HD 4519 (T. durum) and Sonalika (T. aestivum) under rainfed conditions. (ii) Under rainfed condition, dwarf wheat could be grown at a depth of 8 cm in the soil. (iii) The height of Sonalika was maximum, whereas Janak showed the maximum tillers/m2 under rainfed conditions. 5. Das, N. R. and Patra, A. P. (1977). Residual effect of phosphorus, on mungbean after wheat. Science and Culture, 43(9) : 375-396. Abstract The field experiment, on mungbean was conducted, to findout the residual effect of P levels and methods, applied to preceding irrigated wheat, under "wheat-mungbean-jute-rice" 4-crop system. It was revealed that : i) Mungbean (Pusa Baisakhi) in pre-kharif, responded to increasing levels of P2O5, applied to preceding wheat crop (Sonalika). | ||||
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ii) Among the methods of application of P2O5, to previous wheat crop (Sonalika), 'below-the-seed' showed the best performance in mungbean, in respect of grain yield, followed by 'broad-casting'. iii) Luxuriant growth of mungbean, was observed during pre-kharif in summer season, after wheat and stover : grain ratio was higher. iv) Succeeding mungbean responded well, with the increase of levels of P2O5, applied to preceding wheat. v) In irrigated areas, mungbean in summer, could be grown after wheat fertilized with P2O5 fertilizers. 6. Das, N. R. (1977a). Wheat yield as influenced by new varieties and sowing depth under rainfed condition. Proceedings Indian Science Congress. 64 : 64. Abstract i) Under rainfed condition, Janak (aestivum) gave maximum grain yields, followed by Sonalika (aestivum) and HD-4519 (durum). ii) Depth of sowing in between 4-8 cm, under rainfed condition, though not shown any difference in yield of wheat, 8 cm is recommended under rainfed condition for assured moisture and higher germination. iii) Under rainfed condition, Janak can be sown for better yields (grain and straw), at a depth of 8 cm deep in the soil. | ||||
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iv) Higher depth of seeding (8 cm) in moisture zone, was better for grain yields of wheat, under rainfed condition in West Bengal. 7. Das, N. R. (1977b). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation in Eastern India. All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, New Delhi, 16/III/4 (dt. 24.8.77). Abstract i) Out of 15 treatments in preceding rice (IR 579) [direct seeded rice; transplanted rice; direct seeded rice + 10 t/ha FYM; transplanted rice (IR 579) + 10 t/ha FYM and in succeeding wheat (Janak) - direct seeding in furrows + irrigation; dibbling; 4 ploughings; sowing & irrigation (control); pre-sowing irrigation & 4 ploughings], it was possible to grow wheat (Janak) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579) with good yields. ii) In preceding rice (IR 579) crop, addition of 10 t/ha of FYM, did not show any impact in root growth, grain or straw yields of succeeding dwarf wheat (Janak) in West Bengal. iii) Direct seeding or transplanting of rice also did not show any variation in yields of succeeding wheat. iv) Hence, dwarf wheat cultivation is a possibility after kharif rice in West Bengal. v) It was possible to grow wheat with zero or minimal tillage after kharif transplanted rice. | ||||
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Year 1978 1. Das, N. R. (1978). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation in Eastern India. All-India 17th Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at Hyderabad, A.P.A.U. in Aug. 1978. Abstract Field experiments were conducted on wheat (Janak) after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579) both under transplanted and direct seeded conditions, with or without FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha, and with different wheat sowing treatments (dibbling/furrowing/tillage & sowing/broadcast/tillages & sowing - conventional). It was revealed the following : i) Dwarf wheat (Janak), grown under direct seeded/transplanted kharif rice, with minimal tillage (tining/furrowing), gave equally good grain yield with that of 4 conventional ploughings. ii) No difference in wheat yield after direct or transplanted kharif rice, was observed. iii) No impact of FYM in kharif rice, for wheat yield production was observed. iv) Hence, 'Rice-wheat' rotation could be utilized in West Bengal for higher cereal crop production. 2. Das, N. R. and Ghosh, N. (1978). Ramification of wheat root, as influenced by root excretion of Capsularis jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Science and culture, 44(1) : 41-42. | ||||
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Abstract The field experiment in rainfed dwarf wheat, was conducted, to find out the root ramification of different types of roots, with the addition of jute root excretion. It was revealed that- i) Jute root excretion either alone or with addition of calcium carborate (CaCO3), have a positive effect on dwarf wheat (Sonalika) root ramification, like number of roots or seedling, length of root and shoot and green weight of seedlings etc. ii) Jute D-154 (capsularis) root excretions, contained some growth promoting substances which promotes root growth of wheat. iii) There is a possibility of growing good yield of wheat after jute crop, fertilized with lime (calcium carbonate). 3. Das, N. R. and Sen, S. (1978). Paddy soils and their characteristic behaviour - Review, RAASH, 3(8) : 383-391. Abstract This is the review work, on paddy soils specially on water logged soil. The characteristic features of the soil are as follows : i) Waterlooged, rice soils become sticky in nature because of high clay content. ii) Clay-paddy-soil in low land, is more fertile than sandy soils in high land. iii) Clay soil is highly charged with negative ions (-) which attract positive ions (+), by which CEC value differed. | ||||
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iv) Due to opening of the lattice of the clay soils, due to water stagnation in kharif season, NH4+ or K+ are released and hence in soils during kharif rice, more of NH4+ was observed, as a result response of added N was less. 4. Das, N. R. (1978a). Incidence of virus diseases, on mung (Phaseolus aurens Roxb) as affected by planting date and spacing, RAASH, 3(9) : 435-436. Abstract The field experiment on mungbean was conducted in summer (pre-kharif), to find out the disease information under high humid conditions in West Bengal. It was revealed that - i) Mungbean (Pusa Baisakhi) planted in March was affected least by mossaic virus, whereas if it was planted in May, it was affected highly. ii) With the increase of row-to-row spacing the mossaic virus disease of mungbean increased. iii) Mungbean, therefore, should be planted early (before March) to avoid the mossaic virus disease, with close spacing. iv) High-hot-humid conditions were conducive to mossaic virus disease of mungbean. v) Earlier planting and close spacing was ideal for summer (pre-kharif) mungbean. | ||||
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5. Das, N. R. and Karmakar, A. (1978). Phosphorus status of the soils as affected by nitrogen and multiple croppings. Science and Culture, 44(10) : 471-472. Abstract The field experiments with multiple cropping programmes, keeping transplanted kharif rice in the pivot, were conducted in West Bengal and it was revealed that - i) Available Phosphate (P2O5) content of soils after dhaincha increased, but decreased after pre-kharif rice (IR 579) and fallow. ii) Available P2O5 in soil after jute (JRC-321) under multiple cropping system, also increased. iii) Available P2O5 contents of soil after kharif rice increased under all cropping systems, though not equally/uniformly. iv) Available P2O5 content of soil after succeeding wheat, decreased over primary soil, under all crop sequence studies; while available P2O5 under "dhaincha-rice" and 'Jute-rice' were still higher than that of either "rice-rice" or "fallow-rice" or "fallow-fallow". v) Available P2O5 content of soil under "Jute-rice-wheat" and "dhaincha-rice-wheat" cropping system were more than any other cropping sequences studied. vi) Soil-fertility (av. P2O5) is improved either by 'Jute-rice-wheat' or "dhaincha-rice-wheat" systems. | ||||
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6. Das, N. R. (1978b). 'Phalaris minor' - an obnoxious weed in wheat. RAASH, 3(12) : 625. Abstract Phalaris minor is an obnoxious weed in wheat field in India specially in West Bengal. Different observations are as follows : i) Phalaris minor or cannary grass or Phalagash (Bengali) belonged to 'rye grass' group of Graminae family. ii) Its Bengali name has been given by the author as 'Phalaghash'. iii) It is exactly like a wheat crop and grows in winter season with wheat; hence it is very difficult to identify it in the wheat field. iv) But its flowers are like 'Kaon' crop (Setaria italica). v) It has huge tillers along with aerial tillers, which produce huge number of small ashy seeds of glossy nature. vi) It could be controlled by Metavan or TOK E 25. vii) Before sowing wheat, it should be seived thoroughly to get rid of seeds of Phalaris minor weed. 7. Chakraborty, T., Jana, P. K. and Das, N. R. (1978). Comparative performance of wheat, oat and barley under moisture-stress-condition. Proceedings, National Symposium on Crop Production, held at Calcutta May, 1978. (by Indian Society of Agriculturist), West Bengal. | ||||
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Abstract i) Under moisture-stress condition, barley (local) gave the best performance. ii) Oat (Kent) as a fodder crop yielded higher production under moisture-stress condition. iii) Wheat (Sonalika) under moisture-stress, was the worst. Out of these 3 crops, though they could be grown under rainfed conditions, barley was the best for areas with less soil moisture or under dry conditions. iv) In respect of moisture-stress condition, barley was better than oat and again oat was better than wheat. v) Hence, barley or oat could be grown under rainfed conditions. vi) In respect of price, wheat also could be grown under rainfed conditions, in West Bengal. Year 1979 1. Das, N. R. (1979). Effect of N, variety and intercultural operation, on grain yield of wheat grown after transplanted kharif rice. Science and Culture, 45(2) : 62-63. Abstract The field experiments were conducted at University Farm (Kalyani), under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya during 1974-75 rabi season, after transplanted kharif rice, with 2 varieties (Janak & Sonalika), 3 N levels (0, 50 & 100 kg N/ha) and 2 tillage | ||||
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operations [conventional 4 ploughings and minimal (tining)], to findout the proper variety of wheat, N level and tillage operation in wheat for getting maximum production. It revealed the followings: i) 'Janak' wheat showed the best yield performance after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579). ii) There is a possibility of growing dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice for good yields, in the same land. iii) Dwarf wheat (Janak) could be grown with good yield, under minimal tillage (tining) after transplanted kharif rice. iv) After transplanted kharif rice, wheat 'Janak' required 100 kg N/ha for the best seed yield. v) Tining in between paddy-rows after harvest of kharif transplanted rice, with tyne (small land made tool for furrow), showed equality good yield of wheat, with that of four ploughings by desi plough. vi) Wheat variety Sonalika was the worst under either with conventional or minimal (tining) after transplanted kharif rice, in respect of grain yield production. vii) 'Rice-wheat-rotation' is possible in West Bengal, for maximization of cereal production, with Janak wheat variety alongwith 100 kg N/ha, with tining after kharif transplanted rice (IR 579). | ||||
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2. Das, N. R. and Samui, R.C. (1979). Yield of rice, as affected by variety, leaf-cutting and seedling-age. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 66 : 48. Abstract No marked effect on grain yield of kharif rice was observed, due to 'cutting of leaves' at earlier stage of growth. Further observations are as follows : i) 'IR 579' was superior to 'Irri dhan', in respect to grain yield of kharif transplanted rice. ii) Cuttings of top half portion of the kharif rice leaf, reduced the straw yield and total biomass yield over no-cut. iii) Seedling-age of kharif rice in between 20 to 40 days after sowing, did not differ in grain production of kharif rice (IR 579). 3. Das, N. R. and Ghosh, N. (1979). Incidence of virus disease on mung as affected by planting date and spacing. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 66 : 80. Abstract i) Mungbean (cv. Pusa Baisakhi), planted in March 15, was not affected by mossaic virus; while it was affected heavily, if the mungbean was sown in later date on May 15, particularly by the yellow mossaic virus (YMV). ii) Mungbean of closed spacing was highly (25 cm row) affected by YMV in respect of leaf area, grain yield and stover yield. | ||||
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iii) YMV increased with high temperature and high humidity in summer/pre-kharif. iv) Mungbean should be planted before March to avoid the YMV. 4. Samui, R. C. and Das, N. R. (1979). Yield of wheat variety as influenced by foliar application of micronutrients. Proceedings, Indian Science Congress, 66 : 78. Abstract The field experiment was conducted on wheat, to findout the proper variety and micronutrients required. It was revealed from the experiment that : i) Wheat variety Janak (HD 1982), gave higher grain yield than that of Sonalika. ii) Grain yield of wheat increased, due to application of (a) ferrous sulphate @ 10 kg/ha, (b) sodium molybdate @ 4 kg/ha, (c) Borax @ 10 kg sodium tetra-borate/ha and (d) zinc sulphate @ 10 kg/ha, over the normal dose of NPK (100-50-50 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O/ha). iii) Ferrous sulphate @ 20 kg/ha was very detrimental to wheat crop, as it burnt the wheat plants. iv) Highest grain yield of wheat was recorded from Sonalika, with 10 kg zinc sulphate and from Janak with 5 kg borax (Na-tetraborate). 5. Das, N. R. and Patra, A. P. (1979). Seed yield attributes of dwarf wheat, as influenced by variety and spacing. RAASH, 4(6) : 269-271. | ||||
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Abstract Field experiment was conducted at University Farms, Kalyani, W.B. to findout the variety and spacing for yield attributes of wheat. It was revealed that : i) Sonalika/Janak gave higher yields under West Bengal conditions. ii) Closer spacing gave higher grain yield and yield components of dwarf wheat. iii) Spacing with 25 cm x 5 cm, gave the maximum seed yields of wheat with the highest yield components. iv) Total tiller number and effective tillers/m2 of Janak was the highest among all the varieties tried. v) Sonalika showed the less effective tillers/m2 but seed weight was the highest among the varieties tried. vi) Close spacing with Janak variety, gave the maximum grain yield of wheat. 6. Das, N. R. and Samui, (1979a). Grain and straw yields of kharif rice, as affected by variety, leaf cutting and seedling-age. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 24(1) : 95-96. Abstract The field experiment on kharif rice, was conducted, to findout the proper variety, leaf cutting treatment and seedling-age. It was revealed that : i) Rice variety 'IR 579', gave higher grain yield than that of 'Irri dhan' (grown by farmers of the localities); whereas 'Irri dhan' gave more straw yields. | ||||
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ii) 'Irri dhan' matured earlier and spikelets were spares. iii) Cutting a top-half portion of leaf, before flowering, reduced straw and biomass yields, but not the grain yield. iv) Seedling age of kharif rice between 25 to 40 days after sowing, showed no difference in grain and straw yield, if transplanted in kharif season in proper time. 7. Samui, R. C., Das, N. R. and Bhattacharyya, P. (1979). Grain, straw and dry matter yields of late sown wheat, as affected by micronutrients and variety. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 24(4) : 432-434. Abstract The field experiment was conducted on wheat, to find out the different micronutrients and varieties in University Farm, West Bengal. It was revealed the followings : i) NCP 75, Agromin and Zinc sulphate were superior to control (without micronutrients) but they were statistically at par among themselves, in respect of grain yield of wheat (cv. Janak). ii) Micronutrients, of course, did not show any response to straw yield of wheat. iii) Janak was better than Sonalika for grain yield of wheat. iv) Janak, grown without micronutrients, showed the maximum straw yields. | ||||
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v) Use of NCP 75, Agromin and Zinc sulphate was not economical in wheat cultivation. 8. Das, N. R. (1979a). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat rotation'. Paper read at All-India Wheat Research Workers' Workshop, held at Rajendra Agricultural University, Ranchi, Bihar, Aug. 1979. Abstract Field experiment was conducted on wheat in 'rice-wheat rotation', to find out the possibility of growing wheat after kharif transplanted rice under different management practices, in West Bengal. The findings are as follows : i) Broadcasting of wheat seed on the stubbles of harvested kharif translated rice (IR 579), followed by two ploughings-length wise and further cross-wise and followed by heavy ladderings, was the best, in respect of grain yield, of wheat, over all other treatments. ii) Broadcasting wheat seeds (120 kg/ha) on the stubble of transplanted kharif rice after harvest, was economical with minimal tillage. iii) There was a possibility of growing dwarf wheat after kharif transplanted rice, with minimal tillage. 9. Das, N. R. (1979b). Management of wheat crop in 'rice-wheat' rotation. All-India Co-ordinated Wheat Workers' Workshop Meeting, held in Kanke, Ranchi, Bihar North Eastern Plain Zone, NEPZ, 18/VB/Agro., 21.8.79. | ||||
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Abstract The field experiment in dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice was conducted, to mark the possibility of growing dwarf wheat in rice soil, in West Bengal. From there it was revealed the followings : i) It was possible to raise a good crop of wheat (Janak) with conventional (4 ploughings) tillage even after transplanted kharif rice (IR 579). It was also a possibility to grow wheat even with zero or minimal tillage after transplanted kharif rice. ii) Direct seeding or transplanting of rice (IR 579), did not show any difference, on grain or straw yield of succeeding wheat crop (Janak). iii) Direct seeding of wheat without ploughing (tining) after harvest of rice, gave as good yield as with normal 4 ploughings in North Eastern Plaize Zone. At Kalyani, tining gave the highest grain and straw yield of wheat after transplanted kharif rice. iv) Farm yard manure (FYM) in rice (IR 579), did not show any improvement in grain or straw yields of succeeding wheat (Janak) crop, earlier root improvement was thought of. v) There is a great possibility of growing dwarf wheat after transplanted kharif rice, with minimal tillage. | ||||