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1. Cerebrovascular disease is the _____ leading cause of death in the U.S.

2^nd
3^rd
4^th
5^th

2. About __________ people in the U.S. each year suffer a new or recurrent stroke.

100,000
160,000
500,000
600,000

3. Which of the following people would be in the highest risk category for stroke?

40 year old male
40 year old female
70 year old male
70 year old female

4. The "stroke belt" includes states in which region of the U.S.?

Northwestern
Southwestern
Northeastern
Southeastern

5. Which of the following is NOT considered as a type of stroke?

cerebral embolus
intracerebral hemorrhage
neoplastic disease
atherosclerotic disease

6. Which of the following IS NOT a component of ischemic cerebrovascular disease?

cerebral embolus
cerebral thrombosis
carotid atherosclerosis
arteriovenous malformation

7. The most common type of ischemic stroke is _______.

cerebral embolus
cerebral thrombosis
subarachnoid hemorrhage
carotid atherosclerosis

8. Which type of stroke makes up 70-80% of all strokes?

ischemic
neoplastic
hemorrhagic
atherosclerotic

9. Which type of stroke frequently occurs during sleep or upon rising in the morning?

cerebral thrombosis
cerebral embolus
intracranial hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage

10. Recent cardiac surgery, heart valve replacement or atrial fibrillation can cause which type of stroke?

cerebral embolus
cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral thrombosis
all of these

11. The most common site of occlusion in embolic stroke is the ________ artery.

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
anterior communicating

12. Which is the most lethal type of stroke?

TIA's
AVM's
ischemic
hemorrhagic

13. _____ of patients with large intracerebral hemorrhage die within the first few days following onset.

20%
30%
40%
50%

14. Which form of stroke is most commonly the result of a congenital "berry" aneurysm?

cerebral thrombosis
cerebral embolus
intracranial hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage

15. A cerebral aneurysm is considered to be a "giant" aneurysm if it is larger than ______ in diameter.

10 mm
25 mm
40 mm
75 mm

16. About _________ people suffer from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm each year in the U.S. & Canada.

12,000
28,000
100,000
500,000

17. Increased intracranial pressure, vasospasm, and communicating hydrocephalus may be associated with:

cerebral embolus
cerebral thrombosis
subarachnoid hemorrage
intracerebral hemorrhage

18. A temporary onset of stroke-like symptoms, or "mini-stroke" is called:

AVM
CEA
TIA
rt-PA

19. "A tortuosly dilated collection of abnormal vessels" describes:

AVM
TIA
berry aneurysm
subdural hematoma

20. Which of the following conditions IS NOT associated with a cerebral AVM?

vasospasm
hemorrhage
mass effect
shunting of blood

21. A score of 23 or above on the NIH Stroke Scale indicates:

minor stroke
improving stroke
profound stroke
hemorrhagic stroke

22. What anticoagulant drug is useful in protecting acute stroke patients from further embolism?

aspirin
heparin
coumadin
epinephrine

23. Treatment with rt-PA must begin within the first ______ after onset of symptoms.

1 hour
3 hours
12 hours
24 hours

24. The most dangerous potential complication of rt-PA is:

vasospasm
thrombosis
hemorrhage
vessel occlusion

25. Which form of CVD would be appropriate for treatment with rt-PA?

AVM
aneurysmal
cerebral embolus
intracranial hemorrhage

26. Carotid endarterectomy is most appropriate for which condition?

AVM
hemorrhage
carotid stenosis
cerebral aneurysm

27. Each common carotid artery bifurcates at the level of:

C2
C3
C4
C5

28. Midline shift is most easily detected in the radiographic appearance of the branches of the ___________ artery.

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating

29. The right & left vertebral arteries have their origins from the right and left _________ arteries respectively.

subclavian
common carotid
internal carotid
external carotid

30. The vertebral arteries pass through the transverse foramina of which cervical vertebrae?

C1-C6
C1-C7
C2-C6
C2-C7

31.The vertebral arteries join to form the _____________ artery.

basilar
pontine
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating

32.Anterior cerebral circulation is provided by the _____________ arteries.

vertebral
internal carotid
middle carotid
external carotid

33.Pressure receptors which help to control blood pressure are located in the:

aortic arch
carotid sinus
carotid siphon
cavernous sinus

34.Which artery(ies) ARE NOT part of the Circle of Willis?

1 only                1. vertebral
1&2 only           2. Internal carotid
1,2,& 3 only      3. Posterior cerebral
2,3,4,& 5 only   4. Anterior communicating
3,4,& 5 only      5. Posterior communicating

35. Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery account for ______ of all intracranial aneurysms.

28%
34%
44%
88%

36. The posterior cerebral arteries branch from the __________ artery.

basilar
vertebral
internal carotid
external carotid

37. Which artery is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery, and serves large portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, and basal ganglia?

vertebral
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral

38. Which artery serves the occipital lobe, medial & lateral occipito-temporal surfaces and third ventricle?

internal carotid
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral

39. Which modality is called for first to determine whether a stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic?

CT
MRA
cerebral angiography
carotid duplex sonography

40. Cerebral hemorrhage appears as an area of ___________ on non-contrast CT.

loss of signal
increased density
decreased density
decreased resolution

41. CTA shows ________ correlation with angiography in evaluating the degree of carotid stenosis.

88%
89%
92%
100%

42. CTA shows ________ accuracy in diagnosing cerebral aneurysms.

88%
89%
92%
100%

43. Which is the imaging modality of choice in screening for carotid artery stenosis?

CTA
MRA
cerebral angiography
carotid duplex sonography

44. Loss of vision in one eye is called:

apoplexy
carotid bruit
amaurosis fugax
cavernous hemangioma

45. Which is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms?

CTA
MRA
cerebral angiography
carotid duplex sonography

46. Which imaging modality provides the highest degree of spatial resolution?

CT
MRA
cerebral angiography
carotid duplex sonography

47. According to the National Institute of Health Clinical Advisory (1994) cerebral angiography carries a _____ incidence of carotid associated infarction.

1.2%
2.4%
3.2%
12%

48. Which pathological condition is associated with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?

hemorrhage
mass effect
inadequate blood supply
all of these

49. Most AVM's become symptomatic between the ages of:

birth-20 years
20-40 years
40-60 years
60-80years

50. The most attractive treatment option for cerebral AVM's larger than 3 cm. is:

surgery
radiotherapy
transcatheter embolization
all of these