|
Section Headings
Technical
Specifications
| Code
| Frames
| Scan
| Freq
| Sound
| Vision
| In Use
|
| Lines
| Band
| Offset
| Modulation
|
| Terrestrial Transmission Standards
|
| A
| 25
| 405
| VHF
| -3.5MHz
| Pos
| No
|
| B
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| C
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
| D
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| E
| 25
| 819
| VHF
| +11MHz
| Neg
| No
|
| F
| 25
| 819
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Pos
| No
|
| G
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| H
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| I
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.0MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| K
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| KI
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| L
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
| M
| 30 (29.97)
| 525
| VHF/UHF
| +4.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| N
| 25
| 625
| VHF/UHF
| +4.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| Satellite Transmission Standards
|
| Ku-Band
| Any
| Any
| ~11GHz
| +6.50MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
| C-Band
| Any
| Any
| ~4GHz
| +6.50MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
Additional Features
- MTS - Used in conjunction
with NTSC/525. Consists of two independant carriers each carrying a
discrete channel. One channel
provides stereo sound by providing left/right channel difference signals
relative to transmitted mono audio track.
The second carrier carries the Secondary Audio Program (SAP) which is
used for a second language or a descriptive commentary for the blind.
Uses a technique based on the dbx
noise reduction to improve the frequency response of the audio channel.
- FM-FM - dual carrier
FM coded discrete stereo transmissions, analogue. Can be used for bi-lingual
operation under user selection, but
no auto-selection is available.
Audio characteristics better than standard mono soundtrack.
- NICAM - (full name:
NICAM 728) Digital two-channel audio transmissions with sub-code selection
of bi-lingual operation. Stereo
digital signals with specifications approaching those of Compact Disc
are possible.
NICAM stands for Near Instantaneously Companded Audio Multiplex and uses
a 14bit sample at a 32KHz sampling rate which produces a data stream of
728KBits/sec.
- CC - (full name:
Closed Captioning) Transmitted on line 21 of NTSC/525 transmissions,
contains subtitling information only.
CC has no support for block graphics or multiple pages but it can support
8-colours and the use of an italic typeface. Frequently found on
pre-recorded VHS cassettes and LDs, also used on broadcast.
Also found on PAL/625 pre-recorded VHS cassettes in a modified version.
- TeleText - An
information service of 200-700 "pages" covering
a wide range of topics including TV Schedules, News, Financial Market
prices, Comment, Reviews, Concert & Theatre information. Subtitles
are typically transmitted on page 888 in the UK, on pages 199/299/399
in Belgium and Holland, on page 150 in Germany and on page 777 in
Italy. There are a number of variant character sets used, but the
encoding is identical and all English alphabet characters plus numbers
and most punctuation can be handled by any decoder. Includes support for
8 colours, and limited block graphics, and selective revealing of underlying
TV picture. Transmitted on a variable number of lines (specified in header
which contains basic information such as time, date and channel), starting
on line 12 and continuing for 7-8 lines typically. Found on broadcasts
and some LaserDiscs; recording of TeleText signals is marginal on S-VHS,
almost impossible on VHS hence the PAL/625 version of CC.
The BBC-designed
Teletext system is known in some quarters as
World Standard Teletext.
There is an enhanced version known as Fastext which defines four links
to additional pages that can be followed with one of four coloured
buttons on the Teletext receivers remote control.
The U.S. "CC" is known widely in technical circles
as LITO = LIne Twenty-One! where it lives.
Colour and Broadcasting Systems by Country
| Country |
TV |
Colour |
Stereo |
Subtitles |
| Albania |
B/G |
PAL |
| Argentina |
N |
PAL-N |
| Australia |
B/G |
PAL |
FM-FM |
Teletext |
| Austria |
B/G |
PAL |
FM-FM |
Teletext |
| Azores (Portugal) |
B |
PAL |
| Bahamas |
M |
NTSC |
| Bahrain |
B |
PAL |
| Barbados |
M |
NTSC |
| Belgium |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
Teletext |
| Bermuda |
M |
NTSC |
| Brazil |
M |
PAL-M |
MTS |
| Bulgaria |
D |
SECAM |
| Canada |
M |
NTSC |
MTS |
CC |
| Canary Is |
B |
PAL |
| China |
D |
PAL |
| Colombia |
M |
NTSC |
| Cyprus |
B |
PAL |
| Czechsolvakia |
D/K |
SECAM/PAL |
| Denmark |
B |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| Egypt |
B |
SECAM |
| Faroe Islands (DK) |
B |
PAL |
| Finland |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| France |
E/L |
SECAM |
|
Teletext |
| Gambia |
I |
PAL |
| Germany |
B/G |
PAL |
FM-FM |
TeleText |
| Germany (prev East) |
B/G |
SECAM/PAL |
| Gibraltar |
B |
PAL |
| Greece |
B/G |
PAL (was SECAM) |
| Hong Kong |
I |
PAL |
Nicam |
| Hungary |
B/G & D/K |
PAL (was SECAM) |
Nicam (Budapest only) |
| Iceland |
B |
PAL |
| India |
B |
PAL |
| Indonesia |
B |
PAL |
| Iran |
H |
SECAM |
| Ireland |
I |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| Israel |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| Italy |
B/G |
PAL |
FM/FM |
TeleText |
| Jamaica |
N |
SECAM |
| Japan |
M |
NTSC |
Matrix |
| Jordan |
B |
PAL |
| Kenya |
B |
PAL |
| Korea |
M |
NTSC |
| Luxembourg |
B/G |
PAL |
NICAM |
TeleText |
| Madeira |
B |
PAL |
| Madagascar |
B |
SECAM |
| Malaysia |
B |
PAL |
| Malta |
B/G |
PAL |
| Mauritius |
B |
SECAM |
| Mexico |
M |
NTSC |
MTS |
CC |
| Monaco |
L/G |
SECAM/PAL |
| Morocco |
B |
SECAM |
| Netherlands |
B/G |
PAL |
FM-FM |
TeleText |
| New Zealand |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| North Korea |
D/K? |
SECAM |
| Norway |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
| Pakistan |
B |
PAL |
| Paraguay |
N |
PAL |
| Peru |
M |
NTSC |
| Philipines |
M |
NTSC |
| Poland |
D/K |
PAL |
|
Teletext |
| Portugal |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
Teletext |
| Romania |
G |
PAL |
| Russia |
D/K |
SECAM |
| Saudi Arabia |
B |
SECAM |
| Seychelles |
I |
PAL |
| Singapore |
B |
PAL |
| South Africa |
I |
PAL |
| South Korea |
M |
NTSC |
| Spain |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
Teletext |
| Sri Lanka |
B/G |
PAL |
| Sweden |
B/G |
PAL |
Nicam |
Teletext |
| Switzerland |
B/G |
PAL |
FM-FM |
TeleText |
| Tahiti |
KI |
SECAM |
| Taiwan |
M |
NTSC |
| Thailand |
B |
PAL |
| Trinidad |
M |
NTSC |
| Tunisia |
B |
SECAM |
| Turkey |
B |
PAL |
- |
TeleText |
| United Arab Emirates |
B/G |
PAL |
| United Kingdom |
I |
PAL |
Nicam |
TeleText |
| Uruguay |
N |
PAL |
MTS |
| USA |
M |
NTSC |
MTS |
CC |
| Venezuela |
M |
NTSC |
| Yugoslavia |
B/H |
PAL |
| Zimbabwe |
B |
PAL |
|
