Submarine Warfare

The submarine is a self propelled under water vessel. It is an air space contained by a hull that withstands deep-ocean pressure. The double steel outer hull contains ballast tanks for submersion. The inner hull contains the machinery for propelling and guiding the vessel, and the living quarters for the crew.

Submersion is done by flooding the opened ballast tanks by diving to a desired level. Then the trim tanks adjust to keep the craft stable.

The power sources for a sub can be non-nuclear or nuclear. A non-nuclear sub consists of a diesel engine and a battery for electricity. A nuclear sub has a nuclear reactor, which generates electricity from steam for propulsion and subsidiary systems.

Early subs used simple magnetic compasses, and periscope sextants for guidance. Now subs are equipped with gyroscopes, and guidance systems.

The conning tower serves as a bridge at the surface. It holds instruments: periscopes, radio and radar antennas, and the snorkel-intake and exhaust pipes. For a nuclear sub, the conning tower carries a set of diving planes.

Nuclear Attack Sub
The nuclear attack sub's overall range and submerging time is better. Its speed is also faster. The attack sub's armament consists of nuclear ballistic missiles and cruise missiles.