 |
 |
 |
| EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT |
| AND |
| FIRST-AID |
 |
| FIRST-AID |
|
| WOUNDS Classification Open Closed or Subcutaneous Abrasion Contusion Brush burn Dislocation Excoriation Laceration of internal organs Gangrenous Simple fracture Incised Sprain Infected Strain Lacerated Penetrating Punctured or Stab Poisoned Treatment Arrest the hemorrhage. Prevent infection by removing the bacteria already in the wound and by precluding the subsequent entrance of other bacteria. Remove the bacteria by: -mechanical cleansing, such as washing the wound with soap and water, and picking out foreign matter, such as dirt grass, and bits of cloth (debridement) -Chemical cleansing, such as applying an antiseptic. Preclude the subsequent entrance of bacteria by: -Closing the wound, such as by drawing the edges together and holding them in place by adhesive tape -Covering the wound with a sterile dressing held in place by a bandage or adhesive tape. Rest the part. Immobilize the affected part because a wound will heal more rapidly if the part is put at rest. Do this by the use of splints, adhesive tape, slings, or other supports, according to the necessities of the case. The Use of Antiseptics Keep in mind that using an antiseptic, you are using a poison. An antiseptic may injure living tissues that offer a great resistance to bacteria. Tissue fluids, such as blood, pus and serum protect a wound mechanically and weaken the antiseptic by combining with it. The fresher the solution, the greater is its power as an antiseptic. The time that the antiseptic remains in contact with the bacteria is of significance. |
| Wound |
| Closure For closing the wound by adhesive tape, cut the tape into narrow strips or into a dumbbell shape. Bring the edges of the wound together and lay the strips at right angles to it, at intervals to allow for the escape of wound secretions. the tape should not be disturbed for three or four days, or more, unless there is evidence of infection. In such an event, remove the strips to allow for drainage. Before applying the tape, sterilize it by holding it momentarily over the flame of an alcohol lamp or canned heat. Dressing Let the dressing remain on twenty four hours unless excessive drainage, pain, or other symptoms are present that make removal advisable. In removing a dressing, remove it in a direction parallel to the wound since frequent traction at right angles to the wound will open it. Precautions Against Snake Bites Certain precautions should be exercised by all persons living, working or travelling in an area that may be infested with poisonous snakes. Acquaint yourself with the various types of snakes, their lairs and their activity, and instruct others in these same items. Carry a well-equipped first-aid kit and understand the acceptede first-aid methods of treating snake bites. Know how to use, where to purchase, and in certain instances, carry antivenin. Wear heavy duty hiking boots when walking in infested areas. Do not invite trouble by reaching into unexplored holes and places into which you cannot see. Do not intentionally or needlessly handle either a poisonous or a non-poisonous snake. |