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| EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT |
| AND |
| FIRST-AID |
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| FIRST-AID |
| SHOCK Shock, commonly known as collapse, is a physical and mental prostration caused by a violent impression made on the nervous system or by a sudden severe stimulation. The prostration may follow immediately upon the causative factor (primary shock), or not until some time afterward (secondary shock). Shock may be only slight and transient or profound, prolonged, and even fatal. It is a real emergency and prompt treament is essential. Causes Physical: serious injury of any sort, masssive hemorrhage, poisons, alcoholism, asphyxia, extreme heat or cold, overexertion. Shock so caused is often characterized as traumatic Psychological: fear, fright, grief, worry Symptoms These are: cold clammy skin, pallor and cyanosis, subnormal temperature, profuse perspiration, low blood pressure, rapid pulse, rapid irregular breathing, restlessnes , mental dullness and sometimes blurring of the vision, thirst nausea, vomiting and semiconsiousness or unconsciousness. Treatment If possible, call a physician. Ascertain the cause and, if possible, prevent its further influence. Stop bleeding, if it is present. Give the patient plenty of fresh air. Remove or loosen any article of clothing that hampers respiration and circulation Lower the patient's head in order to promote circulation to it. Apply and maintain external heat in order to raise the body temperature. Do not give stimulants, fluids, or other medication unless ordered by a doctor. Fluids may cause choking and obstruct respiration. Keep the patient absolutely quiet and at rest in order not to increase the degree of shock. |