When entering a cave you'll notice there are three main kinds of buildings, and two others, ground and ceiling, but we'll focus on the three you can hack to gain control of a cavern.
1. AT plant
2. Redoubt building
3. Module building
Common to all of these buildings is that the CC is always located on the roof of the building and that they are hack & hold bases with a 10 minute hack timer. Unlike normal bases there are no LLU runs in caves, and note that you cannot double click on a building to see the timer, you have to go into the CC to check the remaining ToH. Also there are no lockers and you cannot bind to any building within the caves.
When looking at the differences notice that you can only spawn to Module and Redoubt buildings, and only get vehicles from AT Plants. There are two Air Pads that can be found on the roof of an AT Plant, with a Ground Vehicles terminal at the bottom.
When planning your attack and hack order it is good to remember those few things. For example, if the first and only building you can hack is an AT plant an AMS is imperative.
There are some vehicle restrictions to the caverns. No BFRs, Galaxies or Lodestars are allowed in caves. You can bring the following vehicles in but not purchase them from a cave: Liberator, Reaver, Empire Specific Tanks and Sunderers.
Sometimes the caverns can get confusing and you might get disorientated. It might make your journey a bit easier if you remember to check your map often maybe even sticking a personal WP onto the end of a zip line. Also remember that Green buildings on your map are always on ground level and orange ones are above the ground. You might find some equipment terminals from these nautral green and orange buildings but there is no clear rule in which you can and cannot find them.
The caves are open for a certain amount of time after which they rotate, also the Geowarps linking to them rotate. This is to ensure some changes in the battle, for example one faction is unable to hold cavern benefits for long period of times. There are always two caves open at one time. When in caves you receive warnings that the cave is about to close. These warnings come at 15, 10 and 5 minutes before the cave is closed. After that you can still continue to fight and hack buildings but if you die you will be sent to sanctuary, even an AMS can't change this.