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Egyptian
Symbolism & Mythology
(I
just included these three pictures because I liked them so much.)
Husband
and wife. Their childrens' names are also engraved on the seat.
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Bowl
with the face of the goddess Hathor. At each side are three
lotus flowers and two lotus buds. The bowl is covered in turquoise
enamel.
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Tutankhamun
and his queen Ankhesenamun are shown in relaxed, informal poses
on the golden shrine found in his tomb.
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Bracelet
from Tutankhamun - Gold and Lapis Lazuli.
Green
glazed stone from Amenhotep III, used to dispatch news. This
one announces the opening of a lake and pleasure garden for
Queen Tiy.
This
may be a representation of Ra due to the association of the
scarab to the sun.
Pendant
of gold, with lapis scarab and carnelian sun. The baboons are
worshiping the sun. The strips of lapis above and below represent
the sky and sea.
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SCARAB
In some
stories, the scarab is a symbol of the sun, and linked with
Ra. In an Egyptian creation legend the lotus rises from the
sea, and opens to reveal a scarab which transforms itself into
a boy who weeps - his tears become mankind. In this way, men
are children of Ra. It also symbolizes self-creative power.
As Khepri, "He who becomes" he was the aspect of the
rising sun. Ra was associated with the sun at its' zenith.
Scarabs
were believed to be all males, and represented virility and
the generative power of life.
In burial
rites, the scarab was an important symbol, and was placed over
the heart as a symbol of renewed life, to stimulate the rebirth
into eternal life. They were meant to be weighed against the
feather of truth during final judgement, and were often inscribed
with a spell from the Book of the Dead.
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BAST
Bast, or
Bastet, was originally a lioness-goddess, (sometimes confused
with Sekhmet) personifying the fertilising warmth of the sun.
Her sacred animal later became the cat. She is the goddess of
pleasure and joy, and a lover of music and dance.
Her temple
at Bubastis was one of the most elegant in Egypt, and the location
of joyous festivals.
There were
huge celebrations in her name, attracting hundreds of thousands.
In return, Bast bestowed mental and physical health. She also
protected against contagious disease and evil spirits.
Bast was
related to the sun-god; he was either her father or her brother-husband.
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A
bronze statue of Bast.
Bast
with her sacred animals. In her right hand she holds a
sistrum, a musical instrument which drove away evil spirits.
Below
is Sekhmet, the goddess of war and battle. "By thy
life when I slay men my heart rejoices."
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A
wooden mirror case found in Tut's tomb. It is overlaid
in sheet gold. The inlay is colored glass, carnelian
and quartz. The word "ankh" also means "mirror".
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ANKH
The Ankh
is an ancient symbol of life. In Egypt dieties were shown carrying
the ankh as a symbol of the gift of eternal life promised to
their royal or priestly servants. It was also the "Key
of the Nile" as a symbol of the mystic union of Isis and
Osiris which initiated the annual Nile flood, the source of
so much of Egypt's fertility and life.
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Sources:
The New Book of
Goddesses & Heroines
Patricia Monaghan
Llewellyn Publications, 1997
Buy
it now from Amazon!
Egyptian Mythology
Tudor Publishing Company, 1965
Gods & Goddess
in Ancient Egypt
Dr. Edouard Lambelet
Lehnert & Landrock, 2nd
edition, 1994(?)
Egyptian Art in
the Egyptian Museum of Turin
Ernesto Scamuzzi
Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers,
1972(?)
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The Woman's Dictionary
of Symbols and Sacred Objects
Barbara G. Walker
HarperSanFrancisco, 1988
Buy
it now from Amazon!
Masterpieces of
Tutankhamun
David P. Silverman
Abbeville Press, 1978
Treasures of the
World; The Pharaohs
Lionel Casson
Stonehenge Press, Inc, 1981
Treasures of Tutankhamun
Exhibition catalogue
Metropolitan Museum of Art,
1976
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