Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley. Department of Entomological Sciences. December 1990. Dissertation: Systematics and some aspects of the biology of the scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), West Indies.
M.A. University of California, Berkeley. Department of Botany. December 1989.
M.S. University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. Biology Department. June 1985. Thesis: Systematics and some aspects of the biology of the scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) from the Greater Puerto Rico Region.
B.S. University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. Biology Department. June 1979. Minors: Mathematics and Education. Magna cum Laude.