| Symbol |
Examples in English |
Similar pronunciations |
| /m/ |
mad, hammer, named, stem |
German machen, hammer, French moi, marcher,
Italian meglio, uomo, Castilian mes, hambre |
| /n/ |
nose, any, done, inch |
German nicht, eins, French nous, une,
Italian notte, sono, Castilian nosotros, verano |
| /ŋ/ |
tang, hung, singer, ankle, tangle |
German Drang, mengel, Italian tango,
Inghilterra, Castilian lengua, pongo |
| /b/ |
big, harbour, grab, trouble |
German bist, haben, French bois, table,
Italian bacio, abile, Castilian barrio, gambas |
| /d/ |
dog, ready, bad, ridden |
German Dorf, Bruder, French donc, medecin,
Italian dare, rondine, Castilian dentro, mandar |
| /g/ |
gas, dagger, log, ugly |
German gar, Wagen, French gauche, legume,
Italian gatto, ghiaccio, Castilian gas, guerra |
| /p/ |
put, happy, top, apple |
German Preis, Teppich, French plus, frapper,
Italian pizza, campo, Castilian puesto, tipo |
| /t/ |
tape, litter, street, muster |
German Turm, Mutter, French tous, vite,
Italian troppo, molto, Castilian tres, gato |
| /k/ |
kiss, broken, anorak, milk, call,
acre, Macdonald, bicker, track, choir,
anchor, quick, liquid, liquor |
German Katze, dick, French chic, quand,
Italian caro, chianti, Castilian loco, queso |
| /ĵ/ |
joke, injure, gem, Roger, hedge,
badger, rage, ginger, vengeance
(may result from /d/ + /j/ by palatalisation) |
Italian gente, Angelo, French d + j;
Castilian y and ll are sometimes pronounced like this (yo,
cavallo) |
| /č/ |
child, matching, catch, inch,
nature
(may result from /t/ + /j/ by palatalisation) |
German Tschechisch, French t + ch, Italian cinque,
bacio, Castilian chorizo, proveche |
| /v/ |
vote, river, given, stove |
German weil, ewig, French vous, grave,
Italian voglio, cavo, Castilian caballo, huevo |
| /δ/ |
this, then, rather, bathed, with |
Castilian cada, sentido |
| /z/ |
zeal, razor, rose, does, cars,
dogs |
German unser, Spesen, French zut, phrase,
Italian casa, Pisa, Castilian mismo |
| /ž/ |
pleasure, seizure, exposure, fusion,
erosion, massage, beige, rouge
(may result from /z/ + /j/ by palatalisation) |
German Jalousie, French je, orange |
| /f/ |
foot, coffee, stiff, photo,
sapphire, cough, rough, laugh |
German fein, offen French fromage, dificil,
Italian figlio, famiglia, Castilian facil, grifo |
| /θ/ |
thing, pithy, growth, month |
Castilian zero, quince |
| /s/ |
so, missing, moss, whisper,
cell, acid, face |
German Wasser, Pass, French seul, dance,
Italian solo, stella, Castilian sacar, listo |
| /š/ |
shine, usher, rash, sure,
pressure, mission, solution, special,
precious
(may result from /s/ + /j/ by palatalisation) |
German Schiff, stark, French chanter, proche,
Italian capisci, scenico |
| /x/ |
loch, Buchan, Lachlan, Harlech |
German Dach, machen, Castilian ajo, gente |
| /w/ |
we, wind, inward, what, wheel
awake, quick, liquid |
German Duisburg, French oui, voici,
Italian lingua, equo, Castilian fuerte, guapo |
| /r/ |
ring, barrow, current, hairy
(after vowels, /r/ cuases rhoticity) |
German rein, Rind, French France, rouge,
Italian ragazza, riso, Castilian rey, rico |
| /l/ |
luck, balance, usual, silly, fell |
German leicht, alles, French leur, aller,
Italian luce, alto, Castilian lindo, vale |
| /j/ |
you, yak, yellow, yoyo,
million, onion
(may palatalise a following consonant:
/sj/ > /š/, /zj/ > /ž/, /tj/ > /č/, /dj/ > /ĵ/) |
German jung, Jahr, French yeux,
Castilian yendo, hielo |
| /h/ |
he, hot, ahoy, who |
German Haus, heilig, Himmel; like a smoother
form of Castilian dejar, flojo |
