Location
こ-, そ-, あ-, ど-
この this ...(here
by me)
その that ...(close to you)
あの that ... over there
どの which ...?
この, その, あの, and どの must be used with a noun.
このじてんしゃはたかいです。 This
bicycle is expensive.
kono jitensha wa
takaidesu.
どのほんがあなたのほんですか。 Which
book is your book?
dono hon ga anata no hon desu
ka
これ this
one (here by me)
それ
that one (close to you)
あれ that
one over there
どれ which
one?
これ, それ, あれ,
and どれ may stand alone.
それはわたしのほんです。 That
one is my book.
sore wa watashi no hon desu.
どれがメアリーさんのペンですか。 Which
one is Mary's pen?
dore ga mearii-san no pen desu ka
あそこ over
there
そこ there (near you)
ここ here (near me)
どこ where?
ぎんこうはどこですか。 Where is the bank?
ginkou wa doko desu ka
ぎんこうはあそこです。 The
bank is over there.
ginkou
wa asoko desu
Specific Directions
みぎ right うえ on/above
ひだり left した
underneath/below
まえ in
front of
そば near
うしろ behind となり next
to (must be the same thing: two people, etc.)
なか inside
あいだ between
(slightly complicated sentence structure, see below)
These words (with the exception of あいだ) follow the structure
X は Y の {location word} です,
where X is the object you are talking about or the object in question;
Y is the object you are referencing; and the location word is the location
of X relative to Y. I find it helpful to think of the sentence in the terms
of の being used possessively.
えんぴつはほんのうえです。 The
pencil is on top of the book. (The pencil is on the book's top)
enpitsu wa hon no ue desu
きっさてんはどこですか。 Where
is the cafe?
kissaten wa doko desu ka
きっさてんはデパートのまえです。 The
cafe is in front of the department store. (The cafe is at the department
store's front)
kissaten wa depaato no mae desu.
あいだ follows the structure X は Y と Z のあいだです,
where X is the object being talked about, and Y and Z are what it's between.
こうえんはどこですか。 Where
is the park?
koen wa doko desu ka
こうえんはびょういんとほんやのあいだです。 The
park is between the hospital and the bookstore.
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koen wa byouin to
honya no aida desu.