Pakistan International Peace & Human Rights Organization
Nindo Shaher District Badin Sindh Pakistan
 
INTRODUCTION
The practice of restricting people to certain circumscribed areas of residence or to separate institutions (e.g., schools, churches)
and facilities (parks, playgrounds, restaurants, restrooms) on the basis of race or alleged race. Racial segregation provides a means
of maintaining the economic advantages and superior social status of the politically dominant group, and in recent times it has been
employed primarily by white populations to maintain their ascendancy over other groups by means of legal and social colour bars.
Historically, however, various conquerors have practiced discrimination involving the segregation of subject races.
BACKGROUND
Racial segregation has appeared in all parts of the world where there are multiracial communities, except where racial amalgamation
has occurred on a large scale.In such countries there has been occasional social discrimination but not legal segregation.
In Pakistan where 97% people are the Muslims, who live with peace, brotherhood, tranquility and justice never envolve in the racial
discrimination. Pakistan International Peace & human Rights Organization is working very hard with the support of the members of the local
communities to eradicate this racial discrimination in the scoity.There are myraids measures are being taken by the PIPHRO
to for the prohibition of racial segregation and discrimination in places of public accommodation, a prohibition of discrimination
by race or sex in employment and new guarantees of equal voting rights.
GLOBAL PROSPECTS
War, internally displaced people and refugees, ethnic conflicts, economic recession, and increased
social and political tensions characterize parts of Asia at the beginning of the 21st century.
Afghanistan is the current flashpoint in the region. However, in one way or another most countries
in the region are affected by the impacts of recent and on-going internal and external conflicts that
form part of the emerging regional and global governance environment of the 21st century.
High levels of conflict as well as of social and political tension erode the social capital that provides
the institutional structure of human society. These processes decrease human security, increase
human poverty and retard progress in sustainable human development. The already challenging
governance agenda of Asian countries becomes even more daunting in this context.
Conflict makes highly visible the nexus between governance and poverty. Weak governance is a
common factor in the generation of conflicts and violence, while advances in governance are
generally required for peace processes to be successful. Peace and stability are requirements for
poverty reduction and human development. However, this nexus extends beyond war to the root
causes of poverty, many of which underlie conflicts as well. One such root cause is exclusion, be it
economic, ethnic, religious, caste, regional, class, ideological, or cultural. One or any combination
of these exclusions can lead to structural poverty. Changing economic conditions, including those
induced by war and instability or peace and stability, can also push groups of people below or above
the poverty line for determinate periods of time. This in turn, can generate conflict as different
groups manoeuvre to protect or advance their relative positions in volatile times. At the same time,
the structural poor continue to remain in this vicious spiral of poverty, despite changes in economic
conditions precisely due to their lack of participation and inclusion. Governance transformations are
required to produce change in these highly intractable situations.
Asia has the largest proportion of
poor people in the world, and the UN Millennium Conference objective of halving poverty by the
year 2015 will be achievable, or not achievable, in Asia. This goal can only be achieved if Asia is at
peace. It will not be achieved if there are wars, arms races, and high levels of social and political
tensions between and within nations. In those conditions high levels of poverty will persist.
The denial of rights and unethical and corrupt practices negatively affect human development,
human security, and poverty. War and conflicts result in the wholesale violation of rights. The
situation in this regard is getting worse rather than better.
At the beginning of the 20th century 90%
of the casualties of war were military and 10% civilian, while at the beginning of the 21st century
90% or more are civilian and 10% or less are military. The fact that rights are prone to rapid
erosion with the breakdown of stable governance structures and peace, makes it all the more
necessary to defend them. Rights are designed to protect everyone but they are especially critical for
the poor. They often lack other resources and rights are their only defence. Effective rights level the
playing field for critical variables such as equality before the law. Human rights and the rule of law
provide the predictability necessary to increase choice and the stability necessary to reduce risks.
Many countries in the region also suffer from endemic and systemic corruption that has been a
major source of human rights violations and of financial and political instability. There is no
country in which the rights and accountability situation could not withstand significant
improvement. The institutionalisation of the right to development is a huge challenge for all of the
societies of Asia and the World, but the pay off of even moderate success would be spectacular.
The centralization of power and authority in society can have serious consequences for human
development and human security. Distant governments with relatively small groups of decisionmakers
generally reduce responsiveness to citizen's interests and demands, especially those of the
poor. It also makes more difficult policy sensitivity to local conditions, and policy adaptations to at
times rapidly changing local situations. Transparency and accountability can often be more
meaningful for the citizenry at the local level. Protests against centralization and demands for
devolution, autonomy, or independence are common denominators in most conflicts involving
regional, ethnic or religious dimensions. A proactive citizenry directly involved in local affairs and
self-development constitutes both an objective and a means toward achieving more sustainable
peace and development. Devolution, decentralization, and community participation can advance
this goal. India, the Philippines, People's Republic of China, and Nepal have long standing
programmes in this regard, while Thailand, Pakistan, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Afghanistan
currently have decentralization at the top of their policy agendas.
Peace and relative stability are essential for good governance.
Conflict prevention should have a top
priority in the governance agenda of all societies at all times in that the emergence of armed
conflicts negatively condition all governance variables, as well as increase misery, suffering, and
poverty. Once conflicts evolve into full-blown internal wars they take on a dynamic of their own.
This is the case because violence does beget violence in spirals beyond the control of any given
sub-set of actors. Conflict resolution should be the prime priority in these circumstances. The
effectiveness of all other efforts for human security, poverty reduction, and sustainable human
development are dependent upon resolving armed conflicts through strengthening governance.
Post-conflict situations also represent the challenge of consolidating peace, development, and
governance. They are also fraught with risks, including different forms of post-conflict conflict, that
can lead to the resurgence of old armed conflicts or generate new forms of violence. To deal with
armed conflict and the threat of armed conflict systematically in a sustainable fashion requires an
integrated, holistic approach to pre-conflict, conflict, and post-conflict.
An integrated, holistic approach is also necessary to construct a humane governance enabling
environment for sustainable human development and human security. This is because the problems
and opportunities that form the governance context of Asia at the beginning of the 21st century are
supra-sectoral (ecological, economic, social, political, cultural) and multi-level (local, national,
regional, and international). 1 Rarely can partial, stand-alone governance reforms be successful in
these circumstances. More integral, holistic governance reform policies are required, as well as the
types of institutions that can formulate and implement them.
CONCLUSION
PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL PEACE & HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATION SUGGETS THE FOLLOWING POINTS FOR THE
ECONOMICAL, SOCIAL & CULTURAL RIGHTS
Every one has the right to work
Every one has the right for just and favourable conditions of work
Every one has trade union rights
Every one has the right to social security
Every one has rights relating to the protection of the family
Every one has the right to an adequate standard of living
Every one has the right to health
Every one has the right to education
Every one have rights relating to culture and science
One obligation is, however, subject to immediate application: the prohibition of discrimination in the enjoyment of the rights
enumerated on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, or political or other opinion; national or social origin; property;
and birth or other status.Indeed, because there are far too many to detail even in abbreviated fashion, it must suffice simply to note that they address a
broad range of concerns, including
the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide;
the humane treatment of military and civilian personnel in time of war;
the status of refugees;
the protection and reduction of stateless persons;
the abolition of slavery, forced labour, and discrimination in employment and occupation;
the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination and the suppression and punishment of the crime of apartheid;
the elimination of discrimination in education;
the promotion of the political rights of women and the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women;
and the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment of migrant workers.
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