Present Perfect Tense
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Subj(��иҹ) + Verb to have + Verb 3
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1. �ʴ��֧�˵ء�ó����Դ����ʹյ����������ŧ�����
��Ţͧ��á�зӹ���ѧ��ҡ����� ��
I have turned on the light.
(�Դ�ҹҹ���� ���信��ѧ�����ҧ����)
I have opened the window.
(�Դ�ҹҹ���� ���˹�ҵ�ҧ�礧�Դ����)

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����� Present Perfect �����ʴ��š�á�зӷ���Դ����ʹյ���ҧ��ҹ��
������ѹ�ҡ������ѧ��� ��
I have had my breakfast. (�ѧ��������)
I have sold my old house. (�繺�ҹ�ͧ����������)
I have bought a car. (ö�ѧ��ҡ�����)
I have finished the work. (�ŧҹ�ѧ��ҡ�����)
She has told me that. (�Ť�ͩѹ��Һ����ͧ��鹴�����)
The road has been built since 1970. (�Ť�Ͷ���ѧ��ҡ�����)
I have lost my book. (�Ť�������˹ѧ��͹������)
The boy has broken the glass. (�Ť�����ᵡ�ѧ��ҡ�����������)
2. �ʴ��˵ء�ó����Դ����ʹյ ����˵ء�ó����ѧ�����Թ�������Ҩ��֧
�Ѩ�غѹ ��ǹ�ҡ��Ѻ "since" ��� "for" ��
I have lived in Bangkok for nine years.
�ѹ���������㹡�ا෾ � �������� 9 �� (��й���ѧ������)
We have studied English since we were in Pratom five.
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3. �ʴ��֧�˵ء�ó����͡�á�зӷ����觷�����ŧ㹵͹���ٴ ��
The train has just arrived.
ö���觨��Ҷ֧
I have just telephoned her.
�ѹ������Ѿ�������
����ѧࡵ����� Since ��� For
Since ���¶֧ ���ҵ����ش㴨ش˹���ʹյ�Ҷ֧�Ѩ�غѹ
For ���¶֧ �������ҵ����ʹյ�Ҩ��֧�Ѩ�غѹ
***����Ѻ For �Ҩ�ա�������㹰ҹ������� ��
I have known her for five years.
= I have known her five years.

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They have studied their lessons already.
I have been in this room since nine o'clock.
She has gone out for two hours.

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�� Have ��� Has ���ҧ���˹�һ���¤
Have they studied their lessons yet?
Have I been in this room since nine o'clock?
Has she gone out for two hours?

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�� not �ҧ�����ѧ Have, Has ��
They have not studied their lessons yet.
I have not been in this room since nine o'clock.
She has not gone out for two hours.
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1. Has ��Ѻ��иҹ������͡���� ��� I, You
2. Have ��Ѻ��иҹ����繾�پ��� ������ I, You