Analgesics, Anti-asthmatics, Endocrine Pharmacology, GIT Pharmacology

11.    Aspirin:

a.     exists more in ionic form at gastric pH.

b.    excretion is enhanced in alkaline pH.

c.    reduces the excretion of uric acid at low doses.

d.    can cause hyperprexia at toxic doses.

12.    The NSAIDs:

a.     inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

b.     are short-acting requiring more than 2 doses a day.

c.     are weakly basic drugs.

d.     are not highly bound to plasma proteins.

13.    Buffered aspirin:

a.     is absorbed slower than non-buffered aspirin.

b.     contains more Na than non-buffered aspirin.

c.     increases urinary pH with long-term use.

d.     causes more gastrointestinal bleeding than non-buffered aspirin.

14.   Local anaesthetics used clinically conform to the following basic chemical configuration:

a.     an ester group linking an aromatic ring and an amino group.

b.     an aromatic ring linking an ester group and an amino group.

c.     an amide group linking an aromatic ring an amino group.

d.     an aromatic ring linking an amide group and an amino group.

15.    Indomethacin:

a.      can cause frontal headache in chronic users.

b.      is useful in acute gout.

c.      is poorly absorbed orally.

d.      does not cause gastrointestinal irritation.

16.    Phenylbutazone is:

a.      too toxic to be used freely as a general anti-pyretic analgesic.

b.      potent anti-inflammatory drug without uricosuric action.

c.      contraindicated in persons with peptic ulcer or hypertension.

d.      well absorbed orally and strongly bound to plasma proteins.

17.    The following pairs of drugs may cause drug interaction problems:

a.      aspirin and warfarin.

b.      diazepam and diphenhydramine.

c.      guantheidine and sympathomimetic amines.

d.      chlorothiazide and tolbutamide.

18.    Chlorpropamide:

a.      can cause hyponatraemia.

b.      may cause disulfiram-like reaction when taken with alcohol.

c.      action is prolonged in elderly patients.

d.      is metabolized to active metabolites. 

19.    Biguanides:

a.      stimulate glycogen breakdown in muscle.

b.      particularly phenformin can cause death from lactic acidosis.

c.      particularly metformin causes vitamin B12 malabsorption.

d.      reduces the hypoglycaemic effect of sulphonlyureas.

20.    Problems associated with insulin therapy include:

a.      interaction with glucocorticoids.

b.      interference with thiazide therapy.

c.      lipodystrophy.

d.      declined effectiveness with oral contraceptives.

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