Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems

31.    The following are direct vasodilators:

a.     diazoxide.

b.     sodium nitroprusside.

c.     minoxidil. 

d.     clonidine.

32.    The following actions contribute to the anti-anginal effect of glyceryl trinitrate:

a.     venous pooling.

b.     increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure.

c.     decrease in peripheral resistance.

d.     reflex tachycardia.

33.    Isosorbide dinitrate:

a.     is effective when administered orally.

b.     is effective when administered parenterally.

c.     is shorter acting than glyceryl trinitrate.

d.     slows down the heart rate. 

34.   Frusemide:

a.     acts mainly at the distal tubule.

b.     can cause ototoxicity.

c.     can cause hypokalaemia.

d.     can cause hypoglycaemia.

35.    The anti-coagulant activity of warfarin sodium:

a.      is active both in vitro and vivo.

b.      peaks after about 36h because oral absorption is poor and erratic.

c.      can be potentiated by aspirin.

d.      can be reduced by oral contraceptives.

36.    Heparin:

a.      is rapidly absorbed orally.

b.      can be antagonized by protamine sulphate.

c.      may cause osteoporosis with prolonged use.

d.      is monitored by the prothrombin time.

37.    The anticoagulant activity of warfarin can be potentiated by:

a.      phenylbutazone.

b.      phenobarbitone.

c.      acetylsalicyclic acid.

d.      oral contraceptives.

38.    Chlorpromazine has the following pharmacological actions:

a.      calming of naturally aggressive animals.

b.      interference with dopaminergic neurotransmission of the basal ganglia.

c.      emetic action.

d.      peripheral alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking action.

39.    The following are potassium-losing diuretics:

a.      chlorothiazide.

b.      triamterene.

c.      ethacrynic acid.

d.      spironolactone.

40.    Barbiturates:

a.      are direct neuronal depressants.

b.      may cause dependence on chronic use.

c.      induce REM sleep.

d.      enhance porphyrin synthesis.

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